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                        Test
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                            <b>3.1.</b>
                        
                        Operators
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                            <b>4.</b>
                        
                        Subshells
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                        Process Creation
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                            <b>5.</b>
                        
                        Commands
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                            <b>5.1.</b>
                        
                        Builtin Commands
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                            <b>5.1.1.</b>
                        
                        read
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                            <b>5.1.2.</b>
                        
                        printf
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                        eval
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                        getopts
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                        Keyword Commands
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                        Compound Commands
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                        Special Commands
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                        expr
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                        grep
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                        find
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                        Arrays
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                            <b>7.</b>
                        
                        Shell Metacharacters
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                            <b>7.1.</b>
                        
                        Precedence
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                            <b>8.</b>
                        
                        Expansions and Substitutions
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                            <b>8.1.</b>
                        
                        Brace Expansion
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                            <b>8.2.</b>
                        
                        Tilde Expansion
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                            <b>8.3.</b>
                        
                        Parameter Expansion
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                            <b>8.4.</b>
                        
                        Arithmetic Expansion
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                            <b>8.5.</b>
                        
                        Command Substitution
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                            <b>8.6.</b>
                        
                        Process Substitution
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                            <b>8.7.</b>
                        
                        Word Splitting
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                            <b>8.8.</b>
                        
                        Filename Expansion
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                            <b>9.</b>
                        
                        Job Control
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                            <b>9.1.</b>
                        
                        Session and Process Group
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                            <b>9.2.</b>
                        
                        Process State Codes
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                            <b>9.3.</b>
                        
                        TTY
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                            <b>9.4.</b>
                        
                        Mutual Exclusion
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                            <b>10.</b>
                        
                        Redirections
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                            <b>10.1.</b>
                        
                        File Descriptors
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                            <b>10.2.</b>
                        
                        &lt;&lt; , &lt;&lt;&lt;
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                            <b>10.3.</b>
                        
                        Pipe
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                            <b>10.4.</b>
                        
                        Named Pipe
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                            <b>10.5.</b>
                        
                        Buffering
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                            <b>11.</b>
                        
                        Signals and Traps
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                            <b>11.1.</b>
                        
                        kill
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                            <b>11.2.</b>
                        
                        trap
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                            <b>11.3.</b>
                        
                        Signals Table
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                            <b>12.</b>
                        
                        Command Aliases
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                            <b>13.</b>
                        
                        Command History
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                            <b>14.</b>
                        
                        Command Completion
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                            <b>15.</b>
                        
                        Readline
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                            <b>16.</b>
                        
                        Colors and Prompt
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="17" data-path="locale.html">
            
                
                    <a href="./locale.html">
                
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                            <b>17.</b>
                        
                        Locale
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                    <a href="./sh.html">
                
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                            <b>18.</b>
                        
                        sh
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="19" data-path="debugging.html">
            
                
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                            <b>19.</b>
                        
                        Debugging
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="20" data-path="shell_variables.html">
            
                
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                            <b>20.</b>
                        
                        Shell Variables
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                            <b>20.1.</b>
                        
                        Positional Parameters
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="20.2" data-path="special_parameters.html">
            
                
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                            <b>20.2.</b>
                        
                        Special Parameters
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="21" data-path="shell_options.html">
            
                
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                            <b>21.</b>
                        
                        Shell Options
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                            <b>21.1.</b>
                        
                        Command-line options
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                            <b>22.</b>
                        
                        Tips
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="23" data-path="closing.html">
            
                
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                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>23.</b>
                        
                        맺음말
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                    <a href="./supplement.html">
                
                        <i class="fa fa-check"></i>
                        
                            <b>24.</b>
                        
                        별책부록
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                    <section class="normal" id="section-">
                    
                        <h1 id="quotes">Quotes</h1>
<p>Shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB450; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8;&#xB85C; &#xC911;&#xC694;&#xD55C; &#xAC1C;&#xB150;&#xC740; quotes &#xC774;&#xB77C;&#xACE0; &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; quotes &#xC740; &#xC22B;&#xC790;&#xB098; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1; &#xAC12;&#xC744; &#xAD6C;&#xBD84;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC6A9;&#xB3C4;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
123, &quot;123&quot;, &apos;123&apos; &#xC740; &#xBAA8;&#xB450; &#xAC19;&#xACE0; abc, &quot;abc&quot;, &apos;abc&apos; &#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xCC28;&#xC774;&#xAC00; &#xC5C6;&#xC73C;&#xBA70; &#xBAA8;&#xB450; &#xB2E4; shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; quotes &#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xC6A9;&#xB3C4;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<ul>
<li><p>&#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xC5EC;&#xB7EC; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB85C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4; &#xB54C;<br>( sed, awk &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8;&#xB97C; quotes &#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC774;&#xC720;&#xAC00; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB85C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574;&#xC11C;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. )</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#xB77C;&#xC778; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774;&#xB098; &#xB458; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC758; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC744; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; </p>
</li>
<li><p><a href="exp_and_sub/word_splitting.html">&#xB2E8;&#xC5B4;&#xBD84;&#xB9AC;</a>, <a href="exp_and_sub/filename_expansion.html">globbing</a> &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xC744; &#xBC29;&#xC9C0;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574;</p>
</li>
<li><p>shell &#xD0A4;&#xC6CC;&#xB4DC;, &#xBA54;&#xD0C0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;, alias &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBB38;&#xC790;, &#xB2E8;&#xC5B4;&#xB97C;
&#xB2E8;&#xC21C;&#xD788; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC758; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xAE30;&#xC704;&#xD574;</p>
</li>
<li><p>&#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xADF8;&#xB300;&#xB85C; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744; &#xAC15;&#xC870;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574;</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>&#xCD5C;&#xC885;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC774; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB420; &#xB54C;&#xB294; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; quotes &#xC774; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB41C; &#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">-------- args.sh --------
<span class="hljs-shebang">#!/bin/bash
</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> arg1 : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span>&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> arg2 : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span>&quot;</span>

-------------------------

$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-number">111</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;111&quot;</span>      <span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xD558;&#xC9C0;&#xC54A;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC740; &#xCC28;&#xC774;&#xAC00; &#xC5C6;&#xB2E4;</span>
arg1 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span>
arg2 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span>

$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-number">111</span> <span class="hljs-number">222</span>        <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB450;&#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0B8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
arg1 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span>
arg2 : <span class="hljs-number">222</span>

$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-string">&quot;111 222&quot;</span>      <span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD55C;&#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00;&#xB428;</span>
arg1 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span> <span class="hljs-number">222</span>
arg2 :

------------------------

$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;111 222&quot;</span>

$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>            <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB450;&#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0B8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
arg1 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span> 
arg2 : <span class="hljs-number">222</span>

$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>          <span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD55C;&#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00;&#xB428;</span>
arg1 : <span class="hljs-number">111</span> <span class="hljs-number">222</span>
arg2 :

------------------------

<span class="hljs-comment"># sed &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC544; &#xC624;&#xB958; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;</span>
$ sed -n <span class="hljs-number">1</span>p; <span class="hljs-number">2</span>p; <span class="hljs-number">3</span>p file
ERROR

<span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD574;&#xC57C; sed &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8;&#xAC00; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB85C; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ sed -n <span class="hljs-string">&apos;1p; 2p; 3p&apos;</span> file
OK

------------------------
<span class="hljs-shebang">#!/bin/bash
</span>
ls -al              <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xC138; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC740; &#xBAA8;&#xB450; &#xAC19;&#xACE0; &#xCC28;&#xC774;&#xAC00; &#xC5C6;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
ls <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-al&quot;</span>            <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; quotes &#xC740; shell &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; &#xD574;&#xC11D;&#xB41C; &#xD6C4;&#xC5D0;</span>
<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ls&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;-al&apos;</span>          <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB420; &#xB54C;&#xB294; &#xC790;&#xB3D9;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#xD2B9;&#xC218;-&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744;-&#xAC16;&#xB294;-&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;">&#xD2B9;&#xC218; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xAC16;&#xB294; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;</h2>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xC138; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; <a href="metacharacters.html">shell &#xBA54;&#xD0C0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;</a>&#xB85C; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xD589; &#xC0C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xAC00;&#xC9D1;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. </p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#xBB38;&#xC790;</th>
<th>&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>$</strong></td>
<td><a href="exp_and_sub/parameter_expansion.html">&#xB9E4;&#xAC1C;&#xBCC0;&#xC218; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;</a>, <a href="exp_and_sub/arithmetic_expansion.html">&#xC0B0;&#xC220; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;</a>, <a href="exp_and_sub/command_substitution.html">&#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xCE58;&#xD658;</a>&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>`</strong></td>
<td>&#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xCE58;&#xD658;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; ( backtick )</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>!</strong></td>
<td>history &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; ( &#xD504;&#xB86C;&#xD504;&#xD2B8;&#xC0C1; &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; )</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ AA=hello

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> world `date +%Y`   <span class="hljs-comment"># $AA &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC774; &#xB418;&#xACE0; date &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xCE58;&#xD658;&#xC774; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.   </span>
hello world <span class="hljs-number">2015</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; escape &#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> \<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> world \`date +%Y\`      
<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> world `date +%Y`
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744;-&#xAC16;&#xB294;-&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB098;-&#xB2E8;&#xC5B4;&#xB97C;-escape-&#xD558;&#xB294;-&#xBC29;&#xBC95;">&#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xAC16;&#xB294; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB098; &#xB2E8;&#xC5B4;&#xB97C; escape &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;</h4>
<p>shell &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; escape &#xD560;&#xB54C; <code>\</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC678;&#xC5D0; quote &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC774; &#xC5C6;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C0;&#xACE0; &#xB2E8;&#xC21C;&#xD788; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># (  )  ; shell &#xBA54;&#xD0C0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC0C1;&#xC2E4;. find &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC774; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># \(  \)  \; &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$  find * -type f <span class="hljs-string">&apos;(&apos;</span> -name <span class="hljs-string">&quot;*.log&quot;</span>  -or  -name <span class="hljs-string">&quot;*.bak&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;)&apos;</span> -exec rm <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> {} <span class="hljs-string">&apos;;&apos;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># background &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xC138;&#xC2A4;&#xB97C; &#xC0DD;&#xC131;&#xD560;&#xB54C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &amp; &#xBA54;&#xD0C0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC0C1;&#xC2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#  \&amp; &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello <span class="hljs-string">&apos;&amp;&apos;</span>
hello &amp;

<span class="hljs-comment"># escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC778; \ &#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC0C1;&#xC2E4;. &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; \n &#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#  \\n &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello world | tr <span class="hljs-string">&apos; &apos;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\&apos;</span>n
hello
world

<span class="hljs-comment"># grep &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB3FC; &#xC788;&#xB294; alias &#xAC00; escape &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># \grep &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-string">&apos;grep&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-number">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number">07</span> data.txt
...

<span class="hljs-comment"># shell &#xD0A4;&#xC6CC;&#xB4DC;&#xC778; time &#xC774; escape &#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC678;&#xBD80;&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC778; /usr/bin/time &#xC774; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># \time &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-string">&apos;time&apos;</span>
Usage: time [-apvV] [<span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> format] [-o file] [--append] [--verbose]
       [--portability] [--format=format] [--output=file] [--version]
       [--quiet] [--help] <span class="hljs-built_in">command</span> [arg...]
</code></pre>
<h2 id="no-quotes">No quotes</h2>
<p>No quotes &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; escape &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; shell &#xD0A4;&#xC6CC;&#xB4DC;, &#xBA54;&#xD0C0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;, alias, glob &#xBB38;&#xC790;, quotes,
whitespace &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; escape &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xD574;&#xB2F9; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; disable &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>whitespace &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; space, tab, newline &#xC744; &#xB9D0;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> \a\b\c\d\ \!\@\$\%\^\&amp;\*\(\)\{\}\[\]\&lt;\&gt;\/\\ ...     <span class="hljs-comment"># no quotes</span>
abcd !@$%^&amp;*(){}[]&lt;&gt;/\ ...

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\a\b\c\d&quot;</span> ...        <span class="hljs-comment"># double quotes</span>
\a\b\c\d ...

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\a\b\c\d&apos;</span> ...        <span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes</span>
\a\b\c\d
</code></pre>
<p>&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xD589; &#xC0C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC740; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xAD6C;&#xBD84;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xB458; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC758; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC740; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xAC00; &#xC5C6;&#xC73C;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB300;&#xCCB4;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. no quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xB3C4; escape &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC744; escape &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB450; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. </p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">----------- args.sh -----------
<span class="hljs-shebang">#!/bin/bash
</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> arg1 : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span>&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> arg2 : <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span>&quot;</span>
-------------------------------

$ ./args.sh hello world           <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00; 2&#xAC1C;</span>
arg1 : hello
arg2 : world

$ ./args.sh hello\ world          <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC744; escape &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
arg1 : hello world
arg2 : 

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello             world    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB458; &#xC774;&#xC0C1;&#xC758; whitespace &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB294; single space &#xB85C; &#xC904;&#xC5B4;&#xB4E0;&#xB2E4;.</span>
hello world                       <span class="hljs-comment"># tab &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; space &#xB85C; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD;&#xB428;</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello\ \ \ \ \ \ world     <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
hello      world
</code></pre>
<p>no quotes &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <a href="escape_sequences.html">escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;</a> &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC608;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; escape &#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; t n &#xC774; echo &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> foo\tbar\n123  
footbarn123

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xD558;&#xBA74; \t \n &#xC774; echo &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> foo\\tbar\\n123
foo    bar
<span class="hljs-number">123</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>!</code> history &#xD655;&#xC7A5; escape</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ date
Sat Jul <span class="hljs-number">18</span> <span class="hljs-number">00</span>:<span class="hljs-number">06</span>:<span class="hljs-number">41</span> KST <span class="hljs-number">2015</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello !!     
<span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello date     <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC774;&#xC804; &#xBA85;&#xB839; history &#xD655;&#xC7A5;</span>
hello date

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello \!!    <span class="hljs-comment"># escape &#xD558;&#xC5EC; history &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5; disable</span>
hello !!
</code></pre>
<p><code>\</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790; escape </p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># no quotes &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0;&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; escape &#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &apos;tr : n&apos; &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC544;&#xC9C4;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number">111</span>:<span class="hljs-number">222</span>:<span class="hljs-number">333</span> | tr : \n
<span class="hljs-number">111</span>n222n333

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-number">111</span>:<span class="hljs-number">222</span>:<span class="hljs-number">333</span> | tr : \\n     <span class="hljs-comment"># tr : &apos;\n&apos; &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">111</span>
<span class="hljs-number">222</span>
<span class="hljs-number">333</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>&quot;</code> , <code>&apos;</code> quote &#xBB38;&#xC790; escape </p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> double quotes \<span class="hljs-string">&quot; , single quotes \&apos;
double quotes &quot;</span> , single quotes <span class="hljs-string">&apos;
</span></code></pre>
<p>&#xD589;&#xC758; &#xB9C8;&#xC9C0;&#xB9C9;&#xC5D0; <code>\</code> &#xB97C; &#xBD99;&#xC774;&#xACE0; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xBA74; <code>\newline</code> &#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xB418;&#xC5B4;
newline &#xC744; escape &#xD55C; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB97C; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC744; <code>backslash-newline</code> &#xC774;&#xB77C;&#xACE0; &#xD558;&#xACE0; <code>\</code> &#xB4A4;&#xC5D0; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xC624;&#xBA74; &#xC548; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I like \          
&gt; winter and \
&gt; snow&quot;</span>

I like winter and snow         <span class="hljs-comment"># newline &#xC774; escape &#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xC0C1;&#xC2E4;&#xD574; &#xD55C;&#xC904;&#xC774;&#xB428;.</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="double-quotes----">Double quotes ( &quot; &quot; )</h2>
<p>Double quotes &#xC548;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; <code>$</code> <code>`</code> <code>!</code>
&#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;&#xC774; &#xD574;&#xC11D;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xACFC; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xBCC0;&#xC218; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xC2DC;&#xC5D0;&#xB3C4; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xC801;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC73C;&#xBA74; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xACFC; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I
&gt; like
&gt; winter       and         snow&quot;</span>
I
like
winter       and         snow         <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xACFC; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0; &#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">#####  &#xBCC0;&#xC218; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC2DC;  #####</span>

$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;this          is
two          lines&quot;</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>                  <span class="hljs-comment"># whitespace &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;&#xC774; single space &#xB85C; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD;&#xB418;&#xACE0;</span>
this is two lines           <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xACFC; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xB2E4;.</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>                <span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xACFC; &#xAC1C;&#xD589;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
this          is
two          lines
</code></pre>
<h4 id="double-quotes-&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;-escape-&#xB418;&#xB294;-&#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;">Double quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; escape &#xB418;&#xB294; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;</h4>
<p><img src="images/char_double_quote.png" alt=""></p>
<p>double quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xC704;&#xC758; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB4E4;&#xC774; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC744; &#xAC00;&#xC9C0;&#xACE0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0; <code>\</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB85C; escape &#xD560; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
single quotes &#xACFC; &#xBE44;&#xAD50;&#xD574; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;\$ \` \\&apos;</span>      <span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes</span>
\$ \` \\

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;\$ \` \\&quot;</span>      <span class="hljs-comment"># double quotes</span>
$ ` \

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;quotes\
test&apos;</span>
quotes\                <span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes &#xC740; &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xADF8;&#xB300;&#xB85C; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;quotes\
test&quot;</span>
quotestest             <span class="hljs-comment"># double quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; newline &#xC774; escape &#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xD55C;&#xC904;&#xB85C; &#xB098;&#xC628;&#xB2E4;.</span>
</code></pre>
<p>double quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560;&#xB54C; &#xD55C;&#xAC00;&#xC9C0; &#xC8FC;&#xC758;&#xD574;&#xC57C;&#xB420; &#xC0AC;&#xD56D;&#xC740; <code>!</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; <a href="command_history.html">command history &#xD655;&#xC7A5;</a> &#xC774; double quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; &#xC77C;&#xC5B4;&#xB09C;&#xB2E4;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; command history &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xD504;&#xB86C;&#xD504;&#xD2B8; &#xC0C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; &#xC801;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xB098; &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8; &#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xC2DC;&#xB294; &#xD574;&#xB2F9;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC790;&#xC138;&#xD55C; &#xB0B4;&#xC6A9;&#xC740; <a href="command_history.html#double_quotes">&#xD574;&#xB2F9; &#xD398;&#xC774;&#xC9C0;</a>&#xB97C; &#xCC38;&#xC870;&#xD558;&#xC138;&#xC694;.</p>
<h4 id="array-&#xC640;-&#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xB41C;-&#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;">Array &#xC640; &#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xB41C; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xAE30;&#xB2A5;</h4>
<p>double quotes &#xC740; array &#xC640; &#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xD2B9;&#xC218;&#xD55C; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;&#xC774; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xC804;&#xCCB4; &#xC6D0;&#xC18C;&#xB97C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0B4;&#xB294; <code>${arr[@]}</code> &#xB97C;  quote &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xADF8; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB294; <code>&quot;${arr[0]}&quot; &quot;${arr[1]}&quot; &quot;${arr[2]}&quot; ...</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xAC8C; &#xB418;&#xACE0; <code>${arr[*]}</code> &#xB97C;  quote &#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xB418;&#xBA74; &#xADF8; &#xC758;&#xBBF8;&#xB294; <code>&quot;${arr[0]}X${arr[1]}X${arr[2]}X...&quot;</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xAC8C; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC5EC;&#xAE30;&#xC11C; <code>X</code> &#xB294; IFS &#xAC12;&#xC758; &#xCCAB;&#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0C5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.<br><code>&quot;$@&quot;</code>, <code>&quot;$*&quot;</code> <a href="positional_parameters.html">positional parameters</a> &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xC801;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<h4 id="&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC774;-null-&#xC77C;&#xB54C;-quote-&#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC;-&#xC548;&#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xC758;-&#xCC28;&#xC774;">&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC774; null &#xC77C;&#xB54C; quote &#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xC548;&#xD55C;&#xAC83;&#xC758; &#xCC28;&#xC774;</h4>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC73C;&#xBA74; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ args.sh <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span> 
<span class="hljs-variable">$0</span> : /home/mug896/bin/args.sh
<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> : <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span> : <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$3</span> : <span class="hljs-number">3</span>

$ args.sh <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$0</span> : /home/mug896/bin/args.sh
<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> : <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span> : <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$3</span> :        <span class="hljs-comment"># null &#xAC12; &#xC778;&#xC218;</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$4</span> : <span class="hljs-number">3</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#xAC00;&#xB839; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>$comp</code> &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC774; <code>-c</code> &#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; 
tmpfile &#xC774; &#xCEF4;&#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB41C; &#xC624;&#xBE0C;&#xC81D;&#xD2B8; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC774; &#xB418;&#xACE0;
<code>$comp</code> &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC774; null &#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xB9C1;&#xD06C;&#xAC00; &#xC644;&#xB8CC;&#xB41C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xACE0;&#xC790; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;&#xBA74;
<code>$comp</code> &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC548;&#xB418;&#xACA0;&#xC8E0;.
&#xC65C;&#xB0D0;&#xD558;&#xBA74; quote &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; null &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB85C; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB418;&#xC5B4;
&#xB450; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xAC00; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">gcc <span class="hljs-variable">$comp</span> -o tmpfile hello.c
........................................

gcc <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span> -o tmpfile hello.c
gcc: error: : No such file or directory
</code></pre>
<p>&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC740; &#xC624;&#xB958; &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC5D0;&#xB3C4; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xC90D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC880; &#xB354; &#xBA85;&#xD655;&#xD55C; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xAC00; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC744; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD560; &#xB54C; &#xC704;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xAC00; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xB77C;&#xBA74;
&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; quote &#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC774; &#xC88B;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ AA=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello <span class="hljs-number">2</span>&gt;&amp; <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>
bash: <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>: ambiguous redirect

<span class="hljs-comment"># quote &#xC744; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC880; &#xB354; &#xBA85;&#xD655;&#xD55C; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xAC00; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello <span class="hljs-number">2</span>&gt;&amp; <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>
bash: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>: Bad file descriptor
....................................

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello &gt; <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>
bash: <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>: ambiguous redirect

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> hello &gt; <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>
bash: : No such file or directory
</code></pre>
<h2 id="single-quotes----">Single quotes ( &apos; &apos; )</h2>
<p>&#xBCC4;&#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5; &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xADF8;&#xB300;&#xB85C; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. escape &#xB3C4; &#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xC548;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; single quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xB4A4;&#xC5D0; &#xC774;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; <code>$&apos; &apos;</code> &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD574;&#xC57C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ AA=hello

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;$AA world 
&gt; `date` 
&gt; \$AA
&gt; &apos;</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span> world 
`date` 
\<span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>
</code></pre>
<p>single quotes &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC2DC; <code>&apos;</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790; &#xC785;&#xB825; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foo&apos;</span>\<span class="hljs-string">&apos;&apos;</span>bar<span class="hljs-string">&apos;
foo&apos;</span>bar

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;foo&apos;</span><span class="hljs-string">&quot;&apos;&quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&apos;bar&apos;</span>
foo<span class="hljs-string">&apos;bar
</span></code></pre>
<h4 id="single-quotes-&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC774;-&#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD55C;-&#xACBD;&#xC6B0;">Single quotes &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xC774; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD55C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;</h4>
<p>command string &#xC774;&#xB098; trap handler &#xB97C; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD560; &#xB54C; double quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74;
&#xC791;&#xC131; &#xB2F9;&#xC2DC;&#xC5D0; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xAC00; &#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589; &#xC2DC;&#xC5D0; &#xC6D0;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC744; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<h5 id="1-command-string-&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;">1. command string &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;</h5>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ AA=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>;
$ sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&quot;AA=200; echo <span class="hljs-variable">$AA</span>&quot;</span>  <span class="hljs-comment"># double quotes &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">100</span>
$ sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&apos;AA=200; echo $AA&apos;</span>  <span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>
<span class="hljs-number">200</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC740; find &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; ~/.cache &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xAC01; &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC; &#xBCC4;&#xB85C; &#xB514;&#xC2A4;&#xD06C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB7C9;&#xC744; &#xC870;&#xD68C;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC778;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
-exec &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xD560; &#xC678;&#xBD80; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xACE0; <code>\;</code> &#xB85C; &#xB05D;&#xC744; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xB54C; &#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; <code>{}</code> &#xAC00; &#xB9E4;&#xCE6D; &#xB41C; &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC; &#xBA85;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xCE58;&#xD658;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ find ~/.cache -maxdepth <span class="hljs-number">1</span> -type d -exec du -hs {} \; | sort -hr
<span class="hljs-number">1.9</span>G    /home/mug896/.cache 
<span class="hljs-number">601</span>M    /home/mug896/.cache/google-chrome 
<span class="hljs-number">471</span>M    /home/mug896/.cache/mozilla
<span class="hljs-number">110</span>M    /home/mug896/.cache/apt-file 
. . . .
. . . .
<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC704; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC740; &#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xAC04;&#xB2E8;&#xD788; &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. </span>
$ du -h <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>1 ~/.cache | sort -hr
</code></pre>
<p>&#xC704;&#xC640; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xC5ED;&#xD560;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; single, double quotes &#xC744; &#xBE44;&#xAD50;&#xD574;&#xBCF4;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574;
<code>sh -c</code> &#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD55C; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>sh -c</code> &#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC740; <a href="commands.html#command_line">command line &#xAC1C;&#xB150;</a>&#xC744; &#xCC38;&#xACE0;&#xD558;&#xC138;&#xC694;.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># double quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># {} &#xAC00; find &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC; &#xBA85;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBC14;&#xB00C;&#xAE30; &#xC804;&#xC5D0; $( du ... ) &#xAC00; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xC624;&#xB958; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;</span>
$ find ~/.cache -maxdepth <span class="hljs-number">1</span> -exec \
    sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&quot;if test -d \&quot;{}\&quot;; then echo \&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$( du -hs \&quot;{}\&quot; )</span>\&quot;; fi&quot;</span> \; | sort -hr
du: cannot access <span class="hljs-string">&apos;&quot;{}&quot;&apos;</span>: No such file or directory

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC815;&#xC0C1;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB418;&#xB824;&#xBA74; $ &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; \$ &#xB85C; escape &#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xCE58;&#xD658;&#xC744; &#xBC29;&#xC9C0;&#xD574;&#xC57C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ find ~/.cache -maxdepth <span class="hljs-number">1</span> -exec \
    sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&quot;if test -d \&quot;{}\&quot;; then echo \&quot;\$( du -hs \&quot;{}\&quot; )\&quot;; fi&quot;</span> \; | sort -hr
OK

<span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xC815;&#xC0C1;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB428;</span>
$ find ~/.cache -maxdepth <span class="hljs-number">1</span> -exec \
    sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&apos;if test -d &quot;{}&quot;; then echo &quot;$( du -hs &quot;{}&quot; )&quot;; fi&apos;</span> \; | sort -hr
OK

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC740; xargs &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; &#xAC83;&#xC778;&#xB370; -exec &#xC758; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xC640; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xC801;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ find ~/.cache -maxdepth <span class="hljs-number">1</span> -print0 |
    xargs -<span class="hljs-number">0</span>i sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&apos;if test -d &quot;{}&quot;; then echo &quot;$( du -hs &quot;{}&quot; )&quot;; fi&apos;</span> | sort -hr
OK
</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-trap-handler-&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;">2. trap handler &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;</h5>
<p><a href="trap.html#quotes">&#xD574;&#xB2F9; &#xD398;&#xC774;&#xC9C0;</a> &#xCC38;&#xC870;</p>
<h5 id="3-prompt-&#xC124;&#xC815;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;">3. prompt &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;</h5>
<p><a href="colors_and_prompt.html#prompt">&#xD574;&#xB2F9; &#xD398;&#xC774;&#xC9C0;</a> &#xCC38;&#xC870;</p>
<h1 id="&#xA0;&#xA0;">$&apos;&#xA0;&#xA0;&apos;</h1>
<p>&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; <code>&apos; &apos;</code> &#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740;&#xB370; <a href="escape_sequences.html">escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;</a>&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.<br>escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xB09C; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; <code>$</code> &#xAC00; &#xC81C;&#xC678;&#xB41C; <code>&apos; &apos;</code> &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><code>sh</code> &#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB294; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC5C6;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $<span class="hljs-string">&apos;I like\n\&apos;</span>winter\<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\tand\t\&apos;</span>snow\<span class="hljs-string">&apos;&apos;</span>   <span class="hljs-comment"># \n, \t, \&apos; escape &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB428;.</span>
I like
<span class="hljs-string">&apos;winter&apos;</span>    and    <span class="hljs-string">&apos;snow&apos;</span>

------------------------------------------

$ IFS=$<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\n&apos;</span>
$ IFS=$<span class="hljs-string">&apos; \t\n&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="quotes-&#xC744;-&#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD574;-&#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD560;-&#xACBD;&#xC6B0;">Quotes &#xC744; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;</h3>
<p>Quotes &#xC744; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xB418;&#xBA74; &#xC911;&#xAC04;&#xC758; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC774; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; space &#xB85C; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;ERROR: backup disk drive ( hdd usb )&quot;</span>          <span class="hljs-string">&quot;must specified as the first&quot;</span>
argument<span class="hljs-string">&quot;ERROR: backup disk drive ( hdd usb ) must specified as the first argument

$ echo &quot;</span>ERROR: backup disk drive ( hdd usb )<span class="hljs-string">&quot; \
       &quot;</span>must specified as the first argument<span class="hljs-string">&quot;
ERROR: backup disk drive ( hdd usb ) must specified as the first argument
</span></code></pre>
<h2 id="quotes-&#xC744;-&#xC11C;&#xB85C;-&#xBD99;&#xC5EC;-&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xAE30;">Quotes &#xC744; &#xC11C;&#xB85C; &#xBD99;&#xC5EC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xAE30;</h2>
<p>&#xB450;&#xAC1C;&#xC758; quotes &#xC744; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC744; &#xB450;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xACE0; &#xC11C;&#xB85C; &#xBD99;&#xC774;&#xBA74; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC774; &#xC6D0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xAC70;&#xB098; &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xC5D0; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xD560; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xB85C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xB54C; &#xC720;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xAC8C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<h4 id="&#xBA85;&#xB839;-&#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744;-&#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;-&#xB54C;">&#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4; &#xB54C;</h4>
<p><code>&apos; &apos;</code> &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xBB38;&#xC744; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xC600;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xADF8; &#xC548;&#xC5D0; shell &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC77C;&#xC774; &#xC0DD;&#xAE30;&#xBA74; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774;
<code>&apos; &apos;</code> &#xC744; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD55C; &#xD6C4; double quotes &#xD55C; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xACF5;&#xBC31; &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xBD99;&#xC5EC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; quote &#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC73C;&#xBA74; &#xB9CC;&#xC57D;&#xC5D0; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xAC12;&#xC5D0; &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC774; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB420; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xAC00; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xACA0;&#xC8E0;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC6D0;&#xBCF8; &#xBA85;&#xB839;</span>
sed -E <span class="hljs-string">&apos;s/foo/bar/g&apos;</span> 

<span class="hljs-comment"># single quotes &#xC744; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD55C; &#xD6C4; shell &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xB97C; double quotes &#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xACF5;&#xBC31; &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xBD99;&#xC778;&#xB2E4;.</span>
sed -E <span class="hljs-string">&apos;s/&apos;</span><span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$var1</span>/<span class="hljs-variable">$var2</span>&quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&apos;/g&apos;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>awk &#xB294; &#xC2A4;&#xD06C;&#xB9BD;&#xD2B8; &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>$</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; single quotes &#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC758; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB97C; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74; -exec &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; <code>sh -c</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC774; single quotes &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC791;&#xC131;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370;
&#xADF8; &#xC548;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294; awk &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; single quotes &#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC77C;&#xB2E8; quotes &#xC744; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xD55C;&#xD6C4; <code>\&apos;</code> &#xB098; <code>&quot;&apos;&quot;</code> &#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC5F0;&#xACB0;&#xD558;&#xBA74; 
<code>sh -c &apos;...&apos;</code> &#xB0B4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB418;&#xB294; awk &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; single quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p><a name="example"></a></p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ find * -name <span class="hljs-string">&apos;Packages*&apos;</span> -type f -exec \
    sh -c <span class="hljs-string">&apos;echo $(md5sum &quot;{}&quot; | awk &apos;</span>\<span class="hljs-string">&apos;&apos;</span>{<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$1</span>}<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\&apos;</span><span class="hljs-string">&apos;) $(stat -c %s &quot;{}&quot;) &quot;{}&quot;&apos;</span> \;

b49dd0f63bca9b3a139c5af3dd94c816 <span class="hljs-number">380</span> Packages
e805c26ff46c6e138e3<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span>198cff281ea <span class="hljs-number">301</span> Packages.bz2
<span class="hljs-number">997</span>a7252f202566a1e5fdc5b50c2ffdf <span class="hljs-number">283</span> Packages.gz
</code></pre>
<h4 id="&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758;-&#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C;-&#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;-&#xB54C;">&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4; &#xB54C;</h4>
<p>&#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC5D0; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xC5B4; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xD560; &#xB54C;&#xB3C4; &#xB450; quotes &#xC744; &#xC11C;&#xB85C; &#xBD99;&#xC5EC; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ ./args.sh <span class="hljs-number">11</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello &quot;</span>$<span class="hljs-string">&apos;$world \u2665&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-number">33</span>   <span class="hljs-comment"># $&apos; &apos; quotes &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;</span>

<span class="hljs-variable">$0</span> : ./args.sh
<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> : <span class="hljs-number">11</span>
<span class="hljs-variable">$2</span> : hello <span class="hljs-variable">$world</span> &#x2665;
<span class="hljs-variable">$3</span> : <span class="hljs-number">33</span>
</code></pre>
<h1 id="quiz">Quiz</h1>
<p>&#xB514;&#xB809;&#xD1A0;&#xB9AC;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xB2E4; &#xBCF4;&#xB2C8; <code>?</code> &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB41C; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC774; &#xC0DD;&#xC131;&#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>rm</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xACE0; &#xD574;&#xB3C4; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C;&#xAC00; &#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC744;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<p><code>ls</code> &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC740; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xBA85;&#xC5D0; nongraphic &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; <code>?</code> &#xB85C; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ ls
??  bar  foo  zoo

$ rm <span class="hljs-string">&apos;??&apos;</span>
rm: cannot remove <span class="hljs-string">&apos;??&apos;</span>: No such file or directory

$ ls -b                           // &#xBA3C;&#xC800; -b &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; nongraphic &#xBB38;&#xC790;&#xB97C; <span class="hljs-number">8</span> &#xC9C4;&#xC218;&#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;
\<span class="hljs-number">312</span>\<span class="hljs-number">004</span>  bar  foo  zoo

$ rm $<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\312\004&apos;</span>                  // $<span class="hljs-string">&apos; &apos;</span> &#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC0AD;&#xC81C;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

$ ls
bar  foo  zoo
</code></pre>
<h1 id="2-">2 .</h1>
<p>gcc &#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xCEF4;&#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xD560;&#xB54C; <code>-D</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xAC12;&#xC744; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xC22B;&#xC790;&#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; &#xC0C1;&#xAD00;&#xC5C6;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC77C; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xB294; double quotes &#xC744; &#xD574;&#xC918;&#xC57C; &#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370;&#xC694;.
&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xAC12;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB9C1;&#xC744; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD560;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<p>&#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; quotes &#xC740; shell &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; &#xD574;&#xC11D;&#xB41C; &#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; &#xCD5C;&#xC885;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC774; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB420; &#xB54C;&#xB294;
&#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xCCAB;&#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC740; &#xB450;&#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xAC00; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ gcc -DMESSAGE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span> foo.c
...: error: &#x2018;hello&#x2019; undeclared (first use <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> this <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>); did you mean &#x2018;ftello&#x2019;?

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> gcc -DMESSAGE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span> foo.c
gcc -DMESSAGE=hello foo.c
</code></pre>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; quotes &#xC744; escape &#xD574;&#xC8FC;&#xBA74; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xAC12;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; quotes &#xC744; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xC804;&#xB2EC;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ gcc -DMESSAGE=\<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello\&quot; foo.c
OK

$ gcc -DMESSAGE=&quot;</span>\<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello world\&quot;&quot;</span> foo.c     <span class="hljs-comment"># &#xACF5;&#xBC31;&#xC774; &#xC788;&#xC73C;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xB85C; &#xB9CC;&#xB4E4;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574;</span>
OK

$ <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> gcc -DMESSAGE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;\&quot;hello world\&quot;&quot;</span> foo.c
gcc -DMESSAGE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello world&quot;</span> foo.c
</code></pre>

                    
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