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                        <h1 id="diagnostics">Diagnostics</h1>
<p><code>#error</code> &#xC640; <code>#warning</code> &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD55C; &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; <code>STDERR</code> &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<h3 id="error">#error</h3>
<p>&#xC804;&#xCC98;&#xB9AC; &#xC2DC;&#xC5D0; fatal error &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD560; &#xB54C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790; &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790; &#xC774;&#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; &#xC624;&#xB294; token &#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC740; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xACE0; &#xC774;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; spaces &#xB4E4;&#xC740; &#xD558;&#xB098;&#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>#error</code> &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC804;&#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xAC00; &#xC885;&#xB8CC;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC740; &#xC544;&#xB2C8;&#xACE0; &#xB05D;&#xAE4C;&#xC9C0; &#xC2E4;&#xD589;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xC804;&#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xAE30; &#xC885;&#xB8CC; &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC; &#xAC12;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>1</code> &#xC774; &#xBC18;&#xD658;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xC774;&#xC5B4;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; &#xCEF4;&#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC740; &#xC911;&#xB2E8;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code>/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio.h &#xCC38;&#xC870;

#ifndef _STDIO_H
#   error &quot;Never include &lt;bits/stdio.h&gt; directly; use &lt;stdio.h&gt; instead.&quot;
#endif

-------------------------------------------

/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/elf.h &#xCC38;&#xC870;

#ifdef __x86_64__
#   error This header is unsupported on x86-64.
#else
#   warning &quot;This header is obsolete; use &lt;sys/procfs.h&gt; instead.&quot;
</code></pre><h3 id="warning">#warning</h3>
<p>&#xC804;&#xCC98;&#xB9AC; &#xC2DC;&#xC5D0; warning &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD560; &#xB54C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790; &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xC804;&#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xAE30; &#xC885;&#xB8CC; &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <code>0</code> &#xC774;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xCEF4;&#xD30C;&#xC77C; &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC740; &#xC815;&#xC0C1;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC9C4;&#xD589;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code>/usr/include/math.h &#xCC38;&#xC870;

#if defined log &amp;&amp; defined __GNUC__
#   warning A macro called log was already defined when &lt;math.h&gt; was included.
#   warning This will cause compilation problems.
#endif

-------------------------------------------------

/usr/include/features.h &#xCC38;&#xC870;

#if (defined _BSD_SOURCE || defined _SVID_SOURCE) &amp;&amp; !defined _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#   warning &quot;_BSD_SOURCE and _SVID_SOURCE are deprecated, use _DEFAULT_SOURCE&quot;
#   undef  _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#   define _DEFAULT_SOURCE    1
#endif
</code></pre><p>&#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/System-Headers.html" target="_blank">&#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xD5E4;&#xB354;</a> &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xB294; warning &#xC740; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC544;&#xB798; &#xCCAB; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC608;&#xC81C;&#xB97C; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74; <code>&lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> &#xC5D0;&#xB294; <code>BUFSIZ</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370;
&#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xAC12;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xD558;&#xC600;&#xC73C;&#xB098; redefined warning &#xC774; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xACE0; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB450; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8;&#xC640; &#xAC19;&#xC774; #define &#xC744; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xC544;&#xB798;&#xB85C; &#xB0B4;&#xB824;&#xC57C; &#xAE30;&#xC874;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; warning &#xC774; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC9C1;&#xC811; #warning &#xC9C0;&#xC2DC;&#xC790;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD55C; &#xBA54;&#xC2DC;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code>$ gcpp - &lt;&lt;\@ &gt; /dev/null
#define BUFSIZ 1234     # &#xB610;&#xB294; #include &quot;myheader.h&quot;
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;             # stdio.h &#xC5D0; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; BUFSIZ &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4;
                               # &#xC788;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; redefined warning &#xC774; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294;&#xB2E4;.
BUFSIZ
@
          # empty
...........................................................................

$ gcpp - &lt;&lt;\@ &gt; /dev/null
#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;             # #define &#xC744; &#xC2DC;&#xC2A4;&#xD15C; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xC544;&#xB798;&#xB85C; &#xB0B4;&#xB824;&#xC57C;
#define BUFSIZ 1234            # &#xAE30;&#xC874;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; warning &#xC774; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

BUFSIZ
@
&lt;stdin&gt;:2: warning: &quot;BUFSIZ&quot; redefined
In file included from &lt;stdin&gt;:1:
/usr/include/stdio.h:99: note: this is the location of the previous definition
   99 | #define BUFSIZ 8192
      |
</code></pre><h1 id="quiz">Quiz</h1>
<p><code>#include &lt;signal.h&gt;</code> &#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; <code>sigset_t</code> &#xD0C0;&#xC785;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xC54C;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xD560;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<p>cpp &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; <code>-dD</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC774; #include &#xB410;&#xC744; &#xB54C;
&#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;, &#xD568;&#xC218;, typedef &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB4E4;&#xC744; &#xBAA8;&#xB450; &#xBCFC; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xD558;&#xB098;&#xC758; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC774; #include &#xB418;&#xBA74; &#xC2E4;&#xC81C;&#xB85C;&#xB294; &#xC5F0;&#xAD00;&#xB41C; &#xC5EC;&#xB7EC; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC774; #include &#xB418;&#xB294;&#xB370;
&#xC774;&#xB54C; &#xC5B4;&#xB5A4; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC5D0; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xAC00; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xB294;&#xC9C0;&#xB3C4; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC744; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74;  <code>#include &lt;signal.h&gt;</code>  &#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; <code>sigset_t</code> &#xD0C0;&#xC785;&#xC774; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xACE0;,
&#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xAC00; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC740;  <code>/bits/types/sigset_t.h</code> &#xC778; &#xAC83;&#xC744; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.  </p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">bash$ cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">&apos;#include &lt;signal.h&gt;&apos;</span> | grep -w -B5 <span class="hljs-string">&apos;sigset_t;&apos;</span>
  unsigned long int __val[(<span class="hljs-number">1024</span> / (<span class="hljs-number">8</span> * sizeof (unsigned long int)))];
} __sigset_t;
<span class="hljs-comment"># 5 &quot;/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/types/sigset_t.h&quot; 2 3 4     &lt;---- &#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xAC00;</span>
                                                                          &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;

typedef __sigset_t sigset_t;       &lt;---- sigset_t &#xD0C0;&#xC785;&#xC774; &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD55C;&#xB2E4;.

bash$ cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">&apos;#include &lt;signal.h&gt;&apos;</span> | grep -w -B5 <span class="hljs-string">&apos;__sigset_t;&apos;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment">#define _SIGSET_NWORDS (1024 / (8 * sizeof (unsigned long int)))</span>
typedef struct
{
  unsigned long int __val[(<span class="hljs-number">1024</span> / (<span class="hljs-number">8</span> * sizeof (unsigned long int)))];
} __sigset_t;
</code></pre>
<p><code>#include &lt;signal.h&gt;</code> &#xD560; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; <code>sigmask</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xACE0;
&#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB294; <code>signal.h</code> &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC758; 167 &#xBC88; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;  &#xC874;&#xC7AC;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC744; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">bash$ cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">&apos;#include &lt;signal.h&gt;&apos;</span> | grep -w -B3 <span class="hljs-string">&apos;#define sigmask&apos;</span>

extern void psiginfo (const siginfo_t *__pinfo, const char *__s);
<span class="hljs-comment"># 167 &quot;/usr/include/signal.h&quot; 3 4                      &lt;---- signal.h &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC758; 167 &#xBC88; &#xB77C;&#xC778;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#define sigmask(sig) ((int)(1u &lt;&lt; ((sig) - 1)))        &lt;---- sigmask &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xC874;&#xC7AC; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;.</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0; &#xD655;&#xC778;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xB610; &#xB2E4;&#xB978; &#xBC29;&#xBC95;&#xC740; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC7AC;&#xC815;&#xC758; &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; 
warning &#xC774; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xB54C;&#xB3C4; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xACFC; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xAC00; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># signal.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xC5D0; sigmask &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xD655;&#xC778;</span>

bash$ cpp &lt;&lt;&lt; $<span class="hljs-string">&apos;#include &lt;signal.h&gt;\n#define sigmask hello&apos;</span> &gt; /dev/null
&lt;stdin&gt;:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>: warning: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;sigmask&quot;</span> redefined
In file included from &lt;stdin&gt;:<span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
/usr/include/signal.h:<span class="hljs-number">167</span>: note: this is the location of the previous definition
  <span class="hljs-number">167</span> | <span class="hljs-comment"># define sigmask(sig) ((int)(1u &lt;&lt; ((sig) - 1)))     &lt;---- &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;.</span>
      | 

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;&#xACE0;&#xB9CC; &#xB098;&#xC624;&#xBA74; predefined &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>

bash$ cpp &lt;&lt;&lt; $<span class="hljs-string">&apos;#include &lt;signal.h&gt;\n#define __INTPTR_TYPE__ hello&apos;</span> &gt; /dev/null
&lt;stdin&gt;:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>: warning: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;__INTPTR_TYPE__&quot;</span> redefined
&lt;built-in&gt;: note: this is the location of the previous definition

bash$ cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>M /dev/null | grep <span class="hljs-string">&apos;__INTPTR_TYPE__&apos;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">#define __INTPTR_TYPE__ long int</span>
</code></pre>
<p><code>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</code> &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &#xCC38;&#xC870;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; &#xBCF4;&#xB824;&#xBA74; <code>-M</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">bash$ cpp -M &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-string">&quot;#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;&quot;</span> 
-:  /usr/include/stdc-predef.h /usr/include/stdio.h \
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/libc-header-start.h \
 /usr/include/features.h /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/cdefs.h \
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/wordsize.h \
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/long-double.h \
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/gnu/stubs.h \
 . . .
 . . .
</code></pre>
<h1 id="2-">2 .</h1>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC740; shell &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xD65C;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xC5EC; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294;
&#xD568;&#xC218;, &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;, typedef, struct, enum &#xC744; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># stdio.h, math.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825; ( &#xD568;&#xC218;&#xD615; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; )</span>
$ header-function stdio.h math.h

<span class="hljs-comment"># inttypes.h, limits.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;</span>
$ header-macro inttypes.h limits.h 

<span class="hljs-comment"># sys/select.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &apos;FD_SET(foo, &amp;bar)&apos; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;</span>
$ header-macro sys/select.h <span class="hljs-operator">-s</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;FD_SET(foo, &amp;bar)&apos;</span>

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xC544;&#xBB34;&#xB7F0; &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; &#xC8FC;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC73C;&#xBA74; predefined macros &#xAC00; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ header-macro

<span class="hljs-comment"># signal.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; typedef &#xC744; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;</span>
$ header-typedef signal.h

<span class="hljs-comment"># signal.h &#xD5E4;&#xB354;&#xB97C; #include &#xD588;&#xC744; &#xB54C; sigevent_t &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB97C; &#xAC80;&#xC0C9;</span>
$ header-typedef signal.h <span class="hljs-operator">-s</span> sigevent_t

<span class="hljs-comment"># &#xAE30;&#xD0C0; cpp &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xB9C8;&#xC9C0;&#xB9C9;&#xC5D0; &apos;--&apos; &#xBD99;&#xC774;&#xACE0; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</span>
$ header-dump stdlib.h -- -D_GNU_SOURCE
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">dump</span></span> ()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> hname hsum opts args search
    header_args_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$search</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-s&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
        cpp -M <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
        cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> | sed <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/,/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/d&apos;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">function</span></span> ()
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> hname hsum opts args
    header_args_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>

    cpp <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> |
    sed -En <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^\s*(__extension__\s+)?(extern|static)\s+/{ :X&apos;</span> \
        <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/;/{ s#\s*;#;#; bY}&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/\{/{ s#\s*\{.*# \{ ...#; bY}&apos;</span> \
        <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos; N; bX; :Y /\w+\s*\([^(]/{ s/\n+/\n/; x; /__extension__\s*$/!z; G;p }&apos;</span> \
        <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos; b }; s/^/\n/; h&apos;</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span>
    cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> |
    sed -En <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/,/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/d&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/#\s*define\s+\w+\(/p&apos;</span> | sort -u
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">macro</span></span> () 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> hname hsum opts args search
    header_args_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$search</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
            cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span>$<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\n\a\n&apos;</span><span class="hljs-variable">$search</span> |
            sed -n <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;1,/\a/d&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^# [0-9]\+ &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/d&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;H&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;${x; s/\n//gp}&apos;</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
            cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>D <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> |
            sed -En <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/,/^# 1 &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;/d&apos;</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/#\s*define/p&apos;</span> | sort -u
        <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
        cpp <span class="hljs-operator">-d</span>M <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> /dev/null | sort
    <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">enum</span></span> () 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> hname hsum opts args
    header_args_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>
    cpp <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> | sed -En <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;/^\s*(typedef\s+)?enum/ { /\(/{ /=/!b }&apos;</span> \
                                  <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;:X /;\s*$/{p;b}; /^\s*$|^#/!p; n; bX }&apos;</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">typedef</span></span> () { header_typedef_struct_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span> ;}
<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> header-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">struct</span></span> () { header_typedef_struct_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span> ;}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">header_typedef_struct_</span></span> () 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> hname hsum opts args search
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> AAA BBB
    header_args_ <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${FUNCNAME[1]}</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;header-typedef&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
        AAA=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;/typedef/ {
             if ( /^.*{.*typedef/ ) sub( /{/, &quot;&quot;); sub( /\s*};$/, &quot;&quot;);&apos;</span>
        BBB=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;if ( res ~ /}/ ) { if ( res ~ Q&quot;[^}]*;$&quot; ) print res }
             else { if ( res ~ Q&quot;[^ ]*;$&quot; ) print res }&apos;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
        AAA=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;( /(struct|union)\s+\w+/ || /typedef\s+(struct|union)/ ) &amp;&amp; !/^# [0-9]+/ {
             if ( !/{/ &amp;&amp; /[;,(*]/ ) next;&apos;</span>
        BBB=<span class="hljs-string">&apos;if ( res ~ &quot;^[^{]*(struct|union)\\s+[^{]*&quot;Q || res ~ Q&quot;[^}]*;$&quot; )
             { print res }&apos;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>

    cpp <span class="hljs-variable">$opts</span> &lt;&lt;&lt; <span class="hljs-variable">$hsum</span> |

gawk -v Q=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$search</span>&quot;</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$AAA</span>&quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&apos;
    res = $0
    while ( !/{$/ &amp;&amp; !/^\s*{/ )
        if (/;$/) { printr(); next } else { getline
            if (!/^\s*$/) res = res &quot;\n&quot; gensub(/^\s*/,&quot;&quot;,1) } 
    if (/{$/) depth=1; else depth=0
    while( getline &gt; 0 ) {
        if (/^\s*$/ || /^# [0-9]+/) continue
        sub(/^\s*/, space( /^\s*}/ ? depth - 1 : depth ))
        res = res &quot;\n&quot; $0
        if (/^\s*{/) { depth++; continue; }
        if (/^\s*}/) { depth--; if ( depth == 0 ) { printr(); break; } }
    }
}
function printr() { 
    while ( res !~ /;$/ ) { getline; res = res&quot; &quot;$0 } 
    if ( Q != &quot;&quot; ) { &apos;</span><span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$BBB</span>&quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&apos; } else print res
    res = &quot;&quot;
}
function space(n,   r) { for( ; n &gt; 0; n-- ) r = r &quot;    &quot;; return r } 
&apos;</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">header_args_</span></span> () 
{
    <span class="hljs-built_in">local</span> file
    <span class="hljs-built_in">read</span> -t <span class="hljs-number">0</span> &amp;&amp; { args=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">read</span> -r line; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span> args+=<span class="hljs-string">&quot; <span class="hljs-variable">$line</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> -- <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$args</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> +f
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$#</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-gt</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;--&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; { <span class="hljs-built_in">shift</span>; opts=<span class="hljs-string">&quot; <span class="hljs-variable">$@</span>&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">break</span> ;}
        <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${1:0:2}</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;-s&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">${FUNCNAME[1]}</span>&quot;</span> = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;header-dump&quot;</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span>
                search=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;-s&quot;</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>
                search=<span class="hljs-variable">${1:2}</span>
                <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> -z <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$search</span>&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; { <span class="hljs-built_in">shift</span>; search=<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span> ;}
            <span class="hljs-keyword">fi</span>
            <span class="hljs-built_in">shift</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">continue</span>
        }
        file=$( <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$1</span>&quot;</span> | sed -En <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;s/^.*&lt;([[:alnum:]_/]+(\.h)?)&gt;.*$/\1/&apos;</span> \
                                    <span class="hljs-operator">-e</span> <span class="hljs-string">&apos;tX; /^#/b; /^include$/!{ :X p }&apos;</span> )
        <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span> -n <span class="hljs-string">&quot;<span class="hljs-variable">$file</span>&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; hsum+=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;#include &lt;<span class="hljs-variable">$file</span>&gt;&quot;</span>$<span class="hljs-string">&apos;\n&apos;</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">shift</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">done</span>
}

<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-dump
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-function
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-macro
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-enum
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-typedef
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header-struct
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header_args_
<span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-f</span> header_typedef_struct_
</code></pre>
<h1 id="3-">3 .</h1>
<p><code>ptrdiff_t</code> &#xB098; <code>size_t</code> &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xD0C0;&#xC785;&#xC774; &#xC5B4;&#xB290; &#xD5E4;&#xB354; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC5D0; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xC9C0;&#xB294; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC744;&#xAE4C;&#xC694;?</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ grep -Irw <span class="hljs-string">&apos;ptrdiff_t\s*;&apos;</span> /usr/{include,lib}
. . .
$ grep -Irw <span class="hljs-string">&apos;size_t\s*;&apos;</span> /usr/{include,lib}
. . .
</code></pre>

                    
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