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                        <h1 id="debugging">Debugging</h1>
<p>M4 &#xB294; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xD504;&#xB85C;&#xC138;&#xC11C;&#xC774;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45;&#xC740; &#xC8FC;&#xB85C; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; trace &#xB97C; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xC774;&#xB8E8;&#xC5B4;&#xC9D1;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45;&#xC744; &#xC704;&#xD55C; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xC740; m4 &#xBA85;&#xB839; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; <code>-d</code>, <code>-t</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xD560; &#xC218;&#xB3C4; &#xC788;&#xACE0;,
&#xCF54;&#xB4DC;&#xC758; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xC601;&#xC5ED;&#xC744; trace &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; <code>traceon</code>, <code>traceoff</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218;&#xB3C4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB294; <code>STDERR</code> &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB418;&#xB294;&#xB370; <code>debugfile</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74;
&#xC9C0;&#xC815;&#xD55C; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB85C; &#xC800;&#xC7A5;&#xD560; &#xC218;&#xB3C4; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<h3 id="dumpdef">dumpdef</h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>dumpdef</strong><br><strong>dumpdef</strong> ( <em>Names. . .</em> )<br>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; void &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.   </p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; <code>Names</code> &#xC758; definitions &#xC744; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC54C;&#xD30C;&#xBCB3; &#xC21C;&#xC11C;&#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
( &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; ).</p>
<pre><code>$ m4  &lt;&lt;\@
define(`nshift&apos;, `pushdef(`num&apos;, eval($1))_$0(shift($@))popdef(`num&apos;)&apos;)
define(`_nshift&apos;, `ifelse( num, 0, `$@&apos;, `define(`num&apos;, decr(num))$0(shift($@))&apos;)&apos;)

dumpdef(`nshift&apos;, `define&apos;)
@

define: &lt;define&gt;        &lt;--- built-in &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xCD9C;&#xB825; &#xD615;&#xC2DD;
nshift: pushdef(`num&apos;, eval($1))_$0(shift($@))popdef(`num&apos;)
</code></pre><p><code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4  &lt;&lt;\@
define(`foo&apos;, 100)
define(`bar&apos;, 200)
dumpdef                              # () &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;
define(`zoo&apos;, 300)                   # zoo &#xB294; &#xC774;&#xD6C4;&#xC5D0; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xBBC0;&#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC81C;&#xC678;&#xB428;
@

__file__:       &lt;__file__&gt;
__gnu__:
__line__:       &lt;__line__&gt;
__program__:    &lt;__program__&gt;
__unix__:
bar:    200                          # bar: 200
builtin:        &lt;builtin&gt;
changecom:      &lt;changecom&gt;
changequote:    &lt;changequote&gt;
debugfile:      &lt;debugfile&gt;
debugmode:      &lt;debugmode&gt;
decr:   &lt;decr&gt;
define: &lt;define&gt;
defn:   &lt;defn&gt;
divert: &lt;divert&gt;
divnum: &lt;divnum&gt;
dnl:    &lt;dnl&gt;
dumpdef:        &lt;dumpdef&gt;
errprint:       &lt;errprint&gt;
esyscmd:        &lt;esyscmd&gt;
eval:   &lt;eval&gt;
foo:    100                          # foo: 100
format: &lt;format&gt;
ifdef:  &lt;ifdef&gt;
ifelse: &lt;ifelse&gt;
include:        &lt;include&gt;
incr:   &lt;incr&gt;
index:  &lt;index&gt;
indir:  &lt;indir&gt;
len:    &lt;len&gt;
m4exit: &lt;m4exit&gt;
m4wrap: &lt;m4wrap&gt;
maketemp:       &lt;maketemp&gt;
mkstemp:        &lt;mkstemp&gt;
patsubst:       &lt;patsubst&gt;
popdef: &lt;popdef&gt;
pushdef:        &lt;pushdef&gt;
regexp: &lt;regexp&gt;
shift:  &lt;shift&gt;
sinclude:       &lt;sinclude&gt;
substr: &lt;substr&gt;
syscmd: &lt;syscmd&gt;
sysval: &lt;sysval&gt;
traceoff:       &lt;traceoff&gt;
traceon:        &lt;traceon&gt;
translit:       &lt;translit&gt;
undefine:       &lt;undefine&gt;
undivert:       &lt;undivert&gt;
</code></pre><h3 id="traceon-traceoff">traceon, traceoff</h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>traceon</strong><br><strong>traceon</strong> ( <em>Names. . .</em> )<br><strong>traceoff</strong><br><strong>traceoff</strong> ( <em>Names. . .</em> )<br>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; void &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.   </p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>traceon</code>,<code>traceoff</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB294; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xBD80;&#xD130; &#xC2DC;&#xC791;&#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC; trace &#xD558;&#xACE0;&#xC790; &#xD560; &#xB54C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p>&#xD2B9;&#xC815; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; trace &#xD558;&#xACE0;&#xC790; &#xD560; &#xB54C;&#xB294; m4 &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; <code>-t</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD560; &#xC218;&#xB3C4;
&#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>traceon(`foo&apos;, `bar&apos;)</code> &#xB294; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>foo</code>, <code>bar</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC;
trace &#xB97C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. ( &#xC774;&#xB54C; <code>foo</code>, <code>bar</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xC744; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xB294; &#xC5C6;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; ).
<code>traceoff(`foo&apos;, `bar&apos;)</code> &#xB294; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; <code>foo</code>, <code>bar</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC;
trace &#xB97C; &#xC911;&#xB2E8;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
<code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; <code>traceon</code> &#xC740; &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; &#xC788;&#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; trace &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; <code>debugmode(t)</code> &#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; <code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; <code>traceoff</code> &#xB294; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; trace &#xB97C; &#xC911;&#xB2E8;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; <code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; <code>debugmode</code> &#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p>trace &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 &lt;&lt;\@                                  $ m4 &lt;&lt;\@    
define(`foo&apos;, `Hello World.&apos;)              define(`foo&apos;, `Hello World.&apos;)
define(`echo&apos;, `$@&apos;)                       define(`echo&apos;, `$@&apos;)
traceon     # &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; trace             traceon(`echo&apos;)      # echo &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC; trace
foo                                        foo                
echo(`gnus&apos;, `and gnats&apos;)                  echo(`gnus&apos;, `and gnats&apos;)
@                                          @

m4trace: -1- foo                           Hello World.
Hello World.                               m4trace: -1- echo
m4trace: -1- echo                          gnus,and gnats
gnus,and gnats
</code></pre><pre><code>$ m4  &lt;&lt;\@
define(`nshift&apos;, `pushdef(`num&apos;, eval($1))_$0(shift($@))popdef(`num&apos;)&apos;)
define(`_nshift&apos;, `ifelse( num, 0, `$@&apos;, `define(`num&apos;, decr(num))$0(shift($@))&apos;)&apos;)

define(`foreachq&apos;, `ifelse(`$2&apos;, `&apos;, `&apos;,
    `pushdef(`$1&apos;)_$0(`$1&apos;, `$3&apos;, `&apos;, $2)popdef(`$1&apos;)&apos;)&apos;)
define(`_foreachq&apos;, `ifelse(`$#&apos;, `3&apos;, `&apos;,
    `define(`$1&apos;, `$4&apos;)$2`&apos;$0(`$1&apos;, `$2&apos;, nshift(3,$@))&apos;)&apos;)

                                                   # &#xD604;&#xC7AC; &#xC704;&#xCE58;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBD80;&#xD130;
debugmode(`ael&apos;)traceon(`foreachq&apos;,`_foreachq&apos;)    # foreachq, _foreachq &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB9CC; trace  
foreachq(`elem&apos;, `111, 222, 333&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;)
traceoff
foreachq(`elem&apos;, `foo, bar, zoo&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;)
@

m4trace:12: -1- foreachq(elem, 111, 222, 333, Word was: elem
) -&gt; ifelse(`111, 222, 333&apos;, `&apos;, `&apos;,
    `pushdef(`elem&apos;)_foreachq(`elem&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;, `&apos;, 111, 222, 333)popdef(`elem&apos;)&apos;)
m4trace:12: -1- _foreachq(elem, Word was: elem
, , 111, 222, 333) -&gt; ifelse(`6&apos;, `3&apos;, `&apos;,
    `define(`elem&apos;, `111&apos;)Word was: elem
`&apos;_foreachq(`elem&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;, nshift(3,`elem&apos;,`Word was: elem
&apos;,`&apos;,`111&apos;,`222&apos;,`333&apos;))&apos;)
Word was: 111
m4trace:12: -1- _foreachq(elem, Word was: elem       # &#xB9E4; &#xB2E8;&#xACC4; _foreachq &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758;
, 111, 222, 333) -&gt; ifelse(`5&apos;, `3&apos;, `&apos;,
    `define(`elem&apos;, `222&apos;)Word was: elem
`&apos;_foreachq(`elem&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;, nshift(3,`elem&apos;,`Word was: elem
&apos;,`111&apos;,`222&apos;,`333&apos;))&apos;)
Word was: 222
m4trace:12: -1- _foreachq(elem, Word was: elem       # &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xB4E4;&#xC744; &#xC870;&#xD68C;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB2E4;.
, 222, 333) -&gt; ifelse(`4&apos;, `3&apos;, `&apos;,                   
    `define(`elem&apos;, `333&apos;)Word was: elem
`&apos;_foreachq(`elem&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;, nshift(3,`elem&apos;,`Word was: elem
&apos;,`222&apos;,`333&apos;))&apos;)
Word was: 333
m4trace:12: -1- _foreachq(elem, Word was: elem
, 333) -&gt; ifelse(`3&apos;, `3&apos;, `&apos;,
    `define(`elem&apos;, `&apos;)Word was: elem
`&apos;_foreachq(`elem&apos;, `Word was: elem
&apos;, nshift(3,`elem&apos;,`Word was: elem
&apos;,`333&apos;))&apos;)


Word was: foo
Word was: bar
Word was: zoo
</code></pre><h3 id="debugmode">debugmode</h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>debugmode</strong><br><strong>debugmode</strong> ( )<br><strong>debugmode</strong> ( <em>Flags</em> )<br>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; void &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.   </p>
</blockquote>
<p>debugmode &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB97C; &#xC5BC;&#xB9C8;&#xB098; &#xC790;&#xC138;&#xD788; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD560;&#xC9C0; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xD560; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; m4 &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; <code>-d</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; trace &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; <code>m4trace:</code> prefix &#xAC00; &#xBD99;&#xACE0;, &#xADF8; &#xC678; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xD638;&#xCD9C;&#xACFC; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xC5C6;&#xB294; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xC5D0;&#xB294;
<code>m4debug:</code> prefix &#xAC00; &#xBD99;&#xC5B4; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<p>flag &#xAC12;&#xC744; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xD560; &#xB54C;&#xB294; &#xC55E;&#xC5D0; <code>-</code> or <code>+</code> &#xB97C; &#xBD99;&#xC77C; &#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370;
<code>-</code> &#xB97C; &#xBD99;&#xC774;&#xBA74; &#xAE30;&#xC874; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xAC12;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD574;&#xB2F9; flag &#xAC00; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB418;&#xACE0; <code>+</code> &#xB97C; &#xBD99;&#xC774;&#xBA74; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
debugmode &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; <code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xB41C; flag &#xAC12;&#xB4E4;&#xC774; clear &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
( &#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; <code>-d</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; ).
&#xC778;&#xC218; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xC5C6;&#xB294; <code>debugmode()</code> &#xD615;&#xC2DD;&#xC740; flag &#xAC12;&#xC744; &#xB514;&#xD3F4;&#xD2B8;&#xB85C; &#xC124;&#xC815;&#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
( &#xC774;&#xAC83;&#xC740; <code>-d</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; flag &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC740; &#xAC83;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB514;&#xD3F4;&#xD2B8; &#xAC12;&#xC740; <code>aeq</code> &#xAC00; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4; ).</p>
<p>debug &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">Flags</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>a</strong></td>
<td>show actual arguments</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>c</strong></td>
<td>show before collect, after collect and after call</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>e</strong></td>
<td>show expansion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>f</strong></td>
<td>say current input file name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>i</strong></td>
<td>show changes in input files</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>l</strong></td>
<td>say current input line number</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>p</strong></td>
<td>show results of path searches</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>q</strong></td>
<td>quote values as necessary, with <code>a</code> or <code>e</code> flag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>t</strong></td>
<td>trace for all macro calls, not only traceon&apos;ed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>x</strong></td>
<td>add a unique macro call id, useful with <code>c</code> flag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center"><strong>V</strong></td>
<td>shorthand for all of the above flags</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h5 id="q-flag-&#xB97C;-&#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294;-&#xC774;&#xC720;-"><code>q</code> flag &#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC774;&#xC720; )</h5>
<p>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xAC00; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xB420; &#xB54C;&#xB294; &#xC778;&#xC218; &#xBD80;&#xBD84;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; prescan &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC774; &#xC77C;&#xC5B4;&#xB098;&#xACE0;
&#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC5D0; &#xB300;&#xD574;&#xC11C;&#xB3C4; main scan &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC774; &#xC77C;&#xC5B4;&#xB0A9;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC5D0; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB41C; quotes &#xC740; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xC744; &#xBC29;&#xC9C0;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC5ED;&#xD560;&#xC744; &#xD558;&#xACE0; &#xD55C; &#xB2E8;&#xACC4;&#xC529; quotes &#xC774; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
quotes &#xC774; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB418;&#xBA74; trace &#xC2DC;&#xC5D0; &#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC758; &#xAC1C;&#xC218;&#xAC00; &#xBA87; &#xAC1C;&#xC778;&#xC9C0; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC5C6;&#xB294; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xAC00; &#xC0DD;&#xAE38; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC774;&#xB54C; <code>q</code> flag &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC640; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC5D0; quotes &#xC744; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD574; &#xC90D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 -dtael &lt;&lt;\@ 
define(`args&apos;, `num: $#&apos;)
args(`foo&apos;, `bar, baz&apos;, `zoo&apos;)                       # &#xC2E4;&#xC81C; &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC758; &#xAC1C;&#xC218;&#xB294; 3 &#xAC1C;&#xC778;&#xB370;
@
m4trace:1: -1- define(args, num: $#)
                                                     # &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xBD80;&#xBD84; prescan &#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574;
m4trace:3: -1- args(foo, bar, baz, zoo) -&gt; num: 3    # quotes &#xC774; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB418;&#xC5B4; 4 &#xAC1C;&#xB85C; &#xBCF4;&#xC778;&#xB2E4;. 
num: 3
-------------------------------------------------

$ m4 -dtaelq &lt;&lt;\@                  # &quot;q&quot; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xADF8; flag &#xCD94;&#xAC00;
define(`args&apos;, `num: $#&apos;)
args(`foo&apos;, `bar, baz&apos;, `zoo&apos;)
@
m4trace:1: -1- define(`args&apos;, `num: $#&apos;)

m4trace:3: -1- args(`foo&apos;, `bar, baz&apos;, `zoo&apos;) -&gt; `num: 3&apos;    # &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xC640; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xC5D0; quotes
num: 3                                                       # &#xC744; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xD574; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xD574; &#xC900;&#xB2E4;.
</code></pre><hr>
<p>&#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xC740; quotes &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xACFC; &#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xD574; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD55C; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xB97C; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574;&#xC11C; &#xD574;&#xACB0;&#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB2E4;&#xC74C; &#xC608;&#xC81C;&#xB97C; &#xBCF4;&#xBA74; <code>aa</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; &#xAC12;&#xACFC; <code>ifelse</code> &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xBE44;&#xAD50;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C;
&#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xAC19;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB85C; <code>111</code> &#xC744; &#xAE30;&#xB300;&#xD558;&#xC600;&#xC73C;&#xB098; <code>222</code> &#xAC00; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB418;&#xACE0; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 &lt;&lt;\@    
define(`aa&apos;,`(`&apos;)&apos;)
ifelse(aa,`(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222)          
@                          

222
</code></pre><p>&#xBA3C;&#xC800; &#xAC04;&#xB2E8;&#xD788; m4 &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; <code>-d</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB97C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xD574; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xB294;&#xB370;
&#xC774;&#xB54C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; <code>V</code> flag &#xAC12;&#xC740; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB514;&#xBC84;&#xAE45; flag &#xC744; enable &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD558;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB3C4; &#xB9CE;&#xC774; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB418;&#xACE0; <code>q</code> flag ( quote value ) &#xAC00; &#xD3EC;&#xD568;&#xB418;&#xAE30; &#xB54C;&#xBB38;&#xC5D0;
&#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB418;&#xB294; value &#xB4E4;&#xC5D0; &#xCD94;&#xAC00;&#xB85C; quote &#xC774; &#xB418;&#xC5B4;&#xC11C; 
&#xC2E4;&#xC81C; quotes &#xC774; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xB418;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xBCF4;&#xAE30;&#xC5D0; &#xC5B4;&#xB824;&#xC6C0;&#xC774; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 -dV &lt;&lt;\@
define(`aa&apos;,`(`&apos;)&apos;)
ifelse(aa,`(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222)          
@                          

m4debug: input read from stdin
m4trace:stdin:1: -1- id 1: define ...
m4trace:stdin:1: -1- id 1: define(`aa&apos;, `(`&apos;)&apos;) -&gt; ???
m4trace:stdin:1: -1- id 1: define(...)

m4trace:stdin:2: -1- id 2: ifelse ...
m4trace:stdin:2: -2- id 3: aa ...
m4trace:stdin:2: -2- id 3: aa -&gt; ???
m4trace:stdin:2: -2- id 3: aa -&gt; `(`&apos;)&apos;
m4trace:stdin:2: -1- id 2: ifelse(`()&apos;, `(`&apos;)&apos;, `111&apos;, `222&apos;) -&gt; ???
m4trace:stdin:2: -1- id 2: ifelse(...) -&gt; `222&apos;
222
m4debug:stdin:3: input exhausted
</code></pre><p>&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; &#xC774;&#xBC88;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; <code>t</code> ( &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; trace ), <code>a</code> ( &#xC778;&#xC218;&#xAC12; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; ), <code>e</code> ( &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; )
<code>l</code> ( &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xB118;&#xBC84; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC; ) flags &#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; trace &#xB97C; &#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xD544;&#xC694;&#xD55C; &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB9CC; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xACE0;
&#xC2E4;&#xC81C; m4 &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; quotes &#xC774; &#xC5B4;&#xB5BB;&#xAC8C; &#xCC98;&#xB9AC;&#xB418;&#xB294;&#xC9C0; &#xBCFC; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB97C; &#xC0B4;&#xD3B4;&#xBCF4;&#xBA74; <code>ifelse</code> &#xC758; &#xBE44;&#xAD50;&#xC5D0; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xB41C; &#xB450; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD2C0;&#xB9AC;&#xAC8C; &#xB098;&#xC624;&#xB294; &#xAC83;&#xC744; &#xC54C; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 -dtael &lt;&lt;\@                                  
define(`aa&apos;,`(`&apos;)&apos;)
ifelse(aa,`(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222)          
@                                    
m4trace:1: -1- define(aa, (`&apos;))                       # m4trace:1: &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; 1 &#xC740; &#xB77C;&#xC778;&#xB118;&#xBC84;

m4trace:2: -2- aa -&gt; (`&apos;)                             #  -&gt;  &#xB85C; &#xD45C;&#xC2DC;&#xB418;&#xB294; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xACB0;&#xACFC;
m4trace:2: -1- ifelse((), (`&apos;), 111, 222) -&gt; 222      # () &#xC640; (`&apos;) &#xB294; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xD2C0;&#xB9AC;&#xB2E4;.
222          
-------------------------------

$ m4 &lt;&lt;\@                                  
debugmode(`tael&apos;)                    # -d &#xC635;&#xC158; &#xB300;&#xC2E0;&#xC5D0; debugmode &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;
define(`aa&apos;,`(`&apos;)&apos;)                  # &#xB3D9;&#xC77C;&#xD55C; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xAC00; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.
ifelse(aa,`(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222)          
@

m4trace:2: -1- define(aa, (`&apos;))

m4trace:3: -2- aa -&gt; (`&apos;)
m4trace:3: -1- ifelse((), (`&apos;), 111, 222) -&gt; 222
222
</code></pre><p>&#xB530;&#xB77C;&#xC11C; <code>ifelse</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB85C; <code>111</code> &#xC774; &#xB098;&#xC624;&#xAC8C; &#xD558;&#xB824;&#xBA74; &#xB2E4;&#xC74C;&#xACFC; &#xAC19;&#xC774;
<code>aa</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB97C; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD;&#xD574; &#xC8FC;&#xC5B4;&#xC57C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 -dtael &lt;&lt;\@
define(`aa&apos;,``(`&apos;)&apos;&apos;)                 # &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; aa &#xC758; &#xAC12;&#xC744; ``(`&apos;)&apos;&apos; &#xB85C; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD;
ifelse(aa,`(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222)          
@
m4trace:1: -1- define(aa, `(`&apos;)&apos;)

m4trace:2: -2- aa -&gt; `(`&apos;)&apos;
m4trace:2: -1- ifelse((`&apos;), (`&apos;), 111, 222) -&gt; 111     #  111 &#xC774; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.
111         
------------------------------------------

1. define(`aa&apos;,``(`&apos;)&apos;&apos;) &#xC5D0;&#xC11C; prescan &#xC5D0;&#xC758;&#xD574; quotes &#xC774; &#xD55C; &#xB2E8;&#xACC4; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB418;&#xBA74;
   &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; aa &#xB294; `(`&apos;)&apos; &#xB85C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.
2. ifelse(aa, `(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222) &#xB294; aa &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C; &#xC815;&#xC758;&#xC5D0; &#xB530;&#xB77C;
   ifelse(`(`&apos;)&apos;, `(`&apos;)&apos;, 111, 222) &#xAC00; &#xB418;&#xACE0;
   prescan &#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; quotes &#xC774; &#xD55C; &#xB2E8;&#xACC4; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB418;&#xBA74;
   &#xCD5C;&#xC885; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; ifelse((`&apos;), (`&apos;), 111, 222) &#xAC00; &#xB418;&#xC5B4; 111 &#xB85C; &#xD655;&#xC7A5;&#xB41C;&#xB2E4;.
</code></pre><p><a name="debugfile"></a></p>
<h3 id="debugfile">debugfile</h3>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>debugfile</strong><br><strong>debugfile</strong> ( )<br><strong>debugfile</strong> ( <em>File</em> )<br>&#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xC758; &#xD655;&#xC7A5; &#xACB0;&#xACFC;&#xB294; void &#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.   </p>
</blockquote>
<p>debug, trace, dumpdef &#xC815;&#xBCF4;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xBCF8;&#xC801;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC774; &#xB418;&#xB294;&#xB370;
m4 &#xBA85;&#xB839;&#xC758; <code>--debugfile</code> &#xC635;&#xC158;&#xC774;&#xB098; <code>debugfile</code> &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xC9C0;&#xC815;&#xD55C; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB85C; 
&#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC744; &#xC800;&#xC7A5;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
&#xC800;&#xC7A5;&#xC740; append &#xD615;&#xC2DD;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB418;&#xB294;&#xB370; &#xC9C0;&#xC815;&#xD55C; &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xC744; open &#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC5C6;&#xC744; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xC5D0;&#xB294; &#xAE30;&#xC874; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xC720;&#xC9C0;&#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.
debugfile &#xB9E4;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;&#xB97C; <code>()</code> &#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xB2E4;&#xC2DC; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC774; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xB418;&#xACE0;,
&#xC778;&#xC218; &#xAC12;&#xC774; &#xC5C6;&#xB294; <code>debugfile()</code> &#xD615;&#xC2DD;&#xC744; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9;&#xD558;&#xBA74; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;&#xC774; discard &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.</p>
<pre><code>$ m4 &lt;&lt;\@    
define(`foo&apos;, `Hello World.&apos;)
define(`echo&apos;, `$@&apos;)
traceon(`foo&apos;, `echo&apos;)
foo                
echo(`gnus&apos;, `and gnats&apos;)
@                        

m4trace: -1- foo                    # &#xB514;&#xD3F4;&#xD2B8;&#xB294; STDERR &#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825; 
Hello World.
m4trace: -1- echo
gnus,and gnats
-----------------------------

$ m4 &lt;&lt;\@    
define(`foo&apos;, `Hello World.&apos;)
define(`echo&apos;, `$@&apos;)
traceon(`foo&apos;, `echo&apos;)
debugfile(`trace1&apos;)                 # debugfile &#xC744; &#xC774;&#xC6A9;&#xD574; trace1 &#xD30C;&#xC77C;&#xB85C; &#xCD9C;&#xB825;
foo
echo(`gnus&apos;, `and gnats&apos;)
@

Hello World.
gnus,and gnats

$ cat trace1 
m4trace: -1- foo
m4trace: -1- echo
</code></pre>
                    
                    </section>
                
                
                </div>
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