Chapter 10. Generic Algorithms

##Exercise 10.1 and 10.2 ##Exercise 10.3 and 10.4 ##Exercise 10.5 ##Exercise 10.6 ##Exercise 10.7

Exercise 10.8:

We said that algorithms do not change the size of the containers over which they operate. Why doesn’t the use of back_inserter invalidate this claim?

Cause the back_inserter is a insert iterator, what iterator adaptor that generates an iterator that uses a container operation to add elements to a given container.

the algorithms don't change the size, but the iterator can change it by using the container operation.

##Exercise 10.9

Exercise 10.10:

Why do you think the algorithms don’t change the size of containers?

@Mooophy: The aim of this design is to separate the algorithms and the operation provided by member function.

@pezy: Cause the library algorithms operate on iterators, not containers. Thus, an algorithm cannot (directly) add or remove elements.

##Exercise 10.11 ##Exercise 10.12 ##Exercise 10.13

Exercise 10.14:

Write a lambda that takes two ints and returns their sum.

auto add = [](int lhs, int rhs){return lhs + rhs;};

Exercise 10.15:

Write a lambda that captures an int from its enclosing function and takes an int parameter. The lambda should return the sum of the captured int and the int parameter.

int i = 42;
auto add = [i](int num){return i + num;};

##Exercise 10.16 ##Exercise 10.17 ##Exercise 10.18 and 10.19 ##Exercise 10.20 and 10.21 ##Exercise 10.22

Exercise 10.23:

How many arguments does bind take?

Assuming the function to be bound have n parameters, bind take n + 1 parameters. The additional one is for the function to be bound itself.

##Exercise 10.24 ##Exercise 10.25

Exercise 10.26:

Explain the differences among the three kinds of insert iterators.

• back_inserter uses push_back.
• front_inserter uses push_front.
• insert uses insert

This function takes a second argument, which must be an iterator into the given container. Elements are inserted ahead of the element denoted by the given iterator.

Exercise 10.27

Exercise 10.28

Exercise 10.29

Exercise 10.30

Exercise 10.31

Exercise 10.32

Exercise 10.33

Exercise 10.34 ~ 10.37

Exercise 10.38:

List the five iterator categories and the operations that each supports.

• Input iterators : ==, !=, ++, *, ->
• Output iterators : ++, *
• Forward iterators : ==, !=, ++, *, ->
• Bidirectional iterators : ==, !=, ++, --, *, ->
• Random-access iterators : ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=, ++, --, +, +=, -, -=, -(two iterators), *, ->, iter[n] == * (iter + n)

Exercise 10.39:

What kind of iterator does a list have? What about a vector?

list have the Bidirectional iterators. vector have the Random-access iterators.

Exercise 10.40:

What kinds of iterators do you think copy requires? What about reverse or unique?

• copy : first and second are Input iterators, last is Output iterators.
• reverse : Bidirectional iterators.
• unique : Forward iterators.

Exercise 10.41:

Based only on the algorithm and argument names, describe the operation that the each of the following library algorithms performs:

replace(beg, end, old_val, new_val); // replace the old_elements in the input range as new_elements.
replace_if(beg, end, pred, new_val); // replace the elements in the input range which pred is true as new_elements.
replace_copy(beg, end, dest, old_val, new_val); // copy the new_elements which is old_elements in the input range into dest.
replace_copy_if(beg, end, dest, pred, new_val); // copy the new_elements which pred is true in the input range into dest.

Exercise 10.42