ccm.c

/* dtls -- a very basic DTLS implementation
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011--2014 Olaf Bergmann <bergmann@tzi.org>
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
 * modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
 * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */

#include <string.h>

#include "dtls_config.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "numeric.h"
#include "ccm.h"

#ifdef HAVE_ASSERT_H
# include <assert.h>
#endif

#define CCM_FLAGS(A,M,L) (((A > 0) << 6) | (((M - 2)/2) << 3) | (L - 1))

#define MASK_L(_L) ((1 << 8 * _L) - 1)

#define SET_COUNTER(A,L,cnt,C) {					\
    int i;								\
    memset((A) + DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - (L), 0, (L));			\
    (C) = (cnt) & MASK_L(L);						\
    for (i = DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - 1; (C) && (i > (L)); --i, (C) >>= 8)	\
      (A)[i] |= (C) & 0xFF;						\
  }

static inline void 
block0(size_t M,       /* number of auth bytes */
       size_t L,       /* number of bytes to encode message length */
       size_t la,      /* l(a) octets additional authenticated data */
       size_t lm,      /* l(m) message length */
       unsigned char nonce[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE],
       unsigned char *result) {
  int i;

  result[0] = CCM_FLAGS(la, M, L);

  /* copy the nonce */
  memcpy(result + 1, nonce, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - L);
  
  for (i=0; i < L; i++) {
    result[15-i] = lm & 0xff;
    lm >>= 8;
  }
}

/** 
 * Creates the CBC-MAC for the additional authentication data that
 * is sent in cleartext. 
 *
 * \param ctx  The crypto context for the AES encryption.
 * \param msg  The message starting with the additional authentication data.
 * \param la   The number of additional authentication bytes in \p msg.
 * \param B    The input buffer for crypto operations. When this function
 *             is called, \p B must be initialized with \c B0 (the first
 *             authentication block.
 * \param X    The output buffer where the result of the CBC calculation
 *             is placed.
 * \return     The result is written to \p X.
 */
static void
add_auth_data(rijndael_ctx *ctx, const unsigned char *msg, size_t la,
	      unsigned char B[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE], 
	      unsigned char X[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]) {
  size_t i,j; 

  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, B, X);

  memset(B, 0, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE);

  if (!la)
    return;

#ifndef WITH_CONTIKI
    if (la < 0xFF00) {		/* 2^16 - 2^8 */
      j = 2;
      dtls_int_to_uint16(B, la);
  } else if (la <= UINT32_MAX) {
      j = 6;
      dtls_int_to_uint16(B, 0xFFFE);
      dtls_int_to_uint32(B+2, la);
    } else {
      j = 10;
      dtls_int_to_uint16(B, 0xFFFF);
      dtls_int_to_uint64(B+2, la);
    }
#else /* WITH_CONTIKI */
  /* With Contiki, we are building for small devices and thus
   * anticipate that the number of additional authentication bytes
   * will not exceed 65280 bytes (0xFF00) and we can skip the
   * workarounds required for j=6 and j=10 on devices with a word size
   * of 32 bits or 64 bits, respectively.
   */

  assert(la < 0xFF00);
  j = 2;
  dtls_int_to_uint16(B, la);
#endif /* WITH_CONTIKI */

    i = min(DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - j, la);
    memcpy(B + j, msg, i);
    la -= i;
    msg += i;
    
    memxor(B, X, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE);
  
  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, B, X);
  
  while (la > DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE) {
    for (i = 0; i < DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE; ++i)
      B[i] = X[i] ^ *msg++;
    la -= DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE;

    rijndael_encrypt(ctx, B, X);
  }
  
  if (la) {
    memset(B, 0, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE);
    memcpy(B, msg, la);
    memxor(B, X, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE);

    rijndael_encrypt(ctx, B, X);  
  } 
}

static inline void
encrypt(rijndael_ctx *ctx, size_t L, unsigned long counter,
	unsigned char *msg, size_t len,
	unsigned char A[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE],
	unsigned char S[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]) {

  static unsigned long counter_tmp;

  SET_COUNTER(A, L, counter, counter_tmp);    
  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, A, S);
  memxor(msg, S, len);
}

static inline void
mac(rijndael_ctx *ctx, 
    unsigned char *msg, size_t len,
    unsigned char B[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE],
    unsigned char X[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]) {
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    B[i] = X[i] ^ msg[i];

  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, B, X);

}

long int
dtls_ccm_encrypt_message(rijndael_ctx *ctx, size_t M, size_t L, 
			 unsigned char nonce[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE], 
			 unsigned char *msg, size_t lm, 
			 const unsigned char *aad, size_t la) {
  size_t i, len;
  unsigned long counter_tmp;
  unsigned long counter = 1; /* \bug does not work correctly on ia32 when
			             lm >= 2^16 */
  unsigned char A[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* A_i blocks for encryption input */
  unsigned char B[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* B_i blocks for CBC-MAC input */
  unsigned char S[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* S_i = encrypted A_i blocks */
  unsigned char X[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* X_i = encrypted B_i blocks */

  len = lm;			/* save original length */
  /* create the initial authentication block B0 */
  block0(M, L, la, lm, nonce, B);
  add_auth_data(ctx, aad, la, B, X);

  /* initialize block template */
  A[0] = L-1;

  /* copy the nonce */
  memcpy(A + 1, nonce, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - L);
  
  while (lm >= DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE) {
    /* calculate MAC */
    mac(ctx, msg, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE, B, X);

    /* encrypt */
    encrypt(ctx, L, counter, msg, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE, A, S);

    /* update local pointers */
    lm -= DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE;
    msg += DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE;
    counter++;
  }

  if (lm) {
    /* Calculate MAC. The remainder of B must be padded with zeroes, so
     * B is constructed to contain X ^ msg for the first lm bytes (done in
     * mac() and X ^ 0 for the remaining DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - lm bytes
     * (i.e., we can use memcpy() here).
     */
    memcpy(B + lm, X + lm, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - lm);
    mac(ctx, msg, lm, B, X);

    /* encrypt */
    encrypt(ctx, L, counter, msg, lm, A, S);

    /* update local pointers */
    msg += lm;
  }
  
  /* calculate S_0 */  
  SET_COUNTER(A, L, 0, counter_tmp);
  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, A, S);

  for (i = 0; i < M; ++i)
    *msg++ = X[i] ^ S[i];

  return len + M;
}

long int
dtls_ccm_decrypt_message(rijndael_ctx *ctx, size_t M, size_t L,
			 unsigned char nonce[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE], 
			 unsigned char *msg, size_t lm, 
			 const unsigned char *aad, size_t la) {
  
  size_t len;
  unsigned long counter_tmp;
  unsigned long counter = 1; /* \bug does not work correctly on ia32 when
			             lm >= 2^16 */
  unsigned char A[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* A_i blocks for encryption input */
  unsigned char B[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* B_i blocks for CBC-MAC input */
  unsigned char S[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* S_i = encrypted A_i blocks */
  unsigned char X[DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE]; /* X_i = encrypted B_i blocks */

  if (lm < M)
    goto error;

  len = lm;	      /* save original length */
  lm -= M;	      /* detract MAC size*/

  /* create the initial authentication block B0 */
  block0(M, L, la, lm, nonce, B);
  add_auth_data(ctx, aad, la, B, X);

  /* initialize block template */
  A[0] = L-1;

  /* copy the nonce */
  memcpy(A + 1, nonce, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - L);
  
  while (lm >= DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE) {
    /* decrypt */
    encrypt(ctx, L, counter, msg, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE, A, S);
    
    /* calculate MAC */
    mac(ctx, msg, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE, B, X);

    /* update local pointers */
    lm -= DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE;
    msg += DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE;
    counter++;
  }

  if (lm) {
    /* decrypt */
    encrypt(ctx, L, counter, msg, lm, A, S);

    /* Calculate MAC. Note that msg ends in the MAC so we must
     * construct B to contain X ^ msg for the first lm bytes (done in
     * mac() and X ^ 0 for the remaining DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - lm bytes
     * (i.e., we can use memcpy() here).
     */
    memcpy(B + lm, X + lm, DTLS_CCM_BLOCKSIZE - lm);
    mac(ctx, msg, lm, B, X); 

    /* update local pointers */
    msg += lm;
  }
  
  /* calculate S_0 */  
  SET_COUNTER(A, L, 0, counter_tmp);
  rijndael_encrypt(ctx, A, S);

  memxor(msg, S, M);

  /* return length if MAC is valid, otherwise continue with error handling */
  if (equals(X, msg, M))
    return len - M;
  
 error:
  return -1;
}