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DisProTrack: Distributed Provenance Tracking over Serverless Applications

Utkalika Satpathy, Rishabh Thakur, Subhrendu Chattopadhyay, Sandip Chakraborty: "DisProTrack: Distributed Provenance Tracking over Serverless Applications", IEEE INFOCOM 2023

Environment Setup

Install Oracle VirtualBox using CLI in Ubuntu

  1. Update current packages of the system to the latest version.
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ sudo apt-get update
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
  1. Configure Apt Repository Import the Oracle public key to your system signed the Debian packages using the following commands.
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Now, you need to add Oracle VirtualBox PPA to Ubuntu system.

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib"

This command will add an entry to /etc/apt/sources.list at end of the file.

  1. Install Oracle VirtualBox
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ sudo apt-get update
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox-5.2

Create & Manage VM using VBoxManage

Create the Virtual Machine

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage createvm --name "Ubuntu18.04" --ostype "Ubuntu_64" --register

You can check your machine info:

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage showvminfo Ubuntu18.04

Set Memory

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --memory 2048

Set CpUs

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --cpus 2

Set IOAPIC

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --ioapic on

Set Network Configuration

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$  vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --nic1 nat

Create the Hard Drive and Attach It

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ VBoxManage createhd --filename VirtualBox\ VMs/Ubuntu18.04/Ubuntu18.04.vdi --size 18000 --format VDI
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage storagectl Ubuntu18.04 --name "SATA Controller" --add sata --controller IntelAhci
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage storageattach Ubuntu18.04 --storagectl "SATA Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium VirtualBox\ VMs/Ubuntu18.04/Ubuntu18.04.vdi

Mount CD-ROM

You need to mount a cd/dvd rom to your VM in order to start the OS installation. I've already downloaded and copied the ISO file to smrl3 server so I am mounting it here.

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage storagectl Ubuntu18.04 --name "IDE Controller" --add ide --controller PIIX4
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage storageattach Ubuntu18.04 --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 1 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium ubuntu-20.04.2.0-desktop-amd64.iso

You can check your machine info:

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage showvminfo Ubuntu18.04

Start the VM

You can either start the VM from the GUI or you can start it up using VRDE.

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --vrde on
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxmanage modifyvm Ubuntu18.04 --vrdemulticon on --vrdeport 10001
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ vboxheadless --startvm Ubuntu18.04
   or
   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ VBoxManage startvm "Ubuntu18.04" --type headless

Connect to it

Port Forwarding is done at port 2203.

Fisrt time, connected smrl3 through Remote Desktop and made the port Forwarding Configuration for TCP in VM.

Then sshed to VM from host machine.

   utkalika@smrworkstation3:~$ ssh [email protected] -p 2203

Port Forwarding for SSH & HTTP on VirtualBox

  1. Configuring SSH
   sudo apt-get install openssh-server
  1. Now make sure your SSH service is running in your background
   sudo service ssh status

  1. Add Port forwarding Rules

    VirtualBox -> Ubuntu18.04 VM(Power off) > Setting

   Name: ssh
   Protocol: TCP
   Host Port: 2203
   Guest Port: 22
   Name: http
   Protocol: TCP
   Host Port: 8800
   Guest Port: 80

Port 22 is the default SSH port and the port 80 is reserved for HTTP serving. Now what we have done is, asking the idle port 2203 of our host machine to listen to the port 22 of the guest VM. So through the localhost of our host machine, we can remote login to VM. On the other hand, the same has done for the HTTP serving.

Testing

LMS CGF Genearion Phase

Static analysis on binaries to detemine the LMS and CFG to determine the relationship between the LMS

	python3 lms_cfg_gen.py --exe <path of binary file>

E.g.

	 python3 .\static_analysis\lms_cfg_gen.py --exe ./binaries/apache2

On successful execution of the program, a graph.json file will be created.

Universal Log File Generation

  1. Parsing the audit logs into json format
    python3 parsetojson.py <path to audit log> > <output file name>

E.g.

    python3 ULF_generation/parsetojson.py samplelogs/audit_1640089505.log > samplelogs/audit_1640089505.json

The output file will contain the logs in json format

  1. Combine the json formatted audit logs based on the srn
    sort samplelogs/audit_1640089505.json > samplelogs/audit_1640089505_sorted.json
    python3 merge_json.py <output filename> > <merged output filename>

E.g.

    python3 ULF_generation/merge_json.py samplelogs/audit_1640089505_sorted.json > samplelogs/audit_1640089505_merged.json
  1. Combine the application logs and audit log into a single file named data1.json
    python3 ULF_generation/ULF_gen.py
  1. Sort the universal log file based on date/ts, generates the universal_log.json
    python3 ULF_generation/sort_ULF.py

Construction of the Universal Provenance Graph

To-do: Changes are required to the code to take the path of the graph.json and universal_log.json as per the local machine

	python3 ./UPG_construction/upg_gen.py

Generates package-lock, sample_output and provenanceGraph.html as an output.

Complete Sequence

	python3 static_analysis/lms_cfg_gen.py --exe=binaries/apache2 --mb=3 > /dev/null 2>&1
	python3 ULF_generation/parsetojson.py samplelogs/audit_1640089505.log > samplelogs/audit_1640089505.json

	sort samplelogs/audit_1640089505.json > samplelogs/audit_1640089505_sorted.json

	python3 ULF_generation/merge_json.py samplelogs/audit_1640089505_sorted.json > samplelogs/audit_1640089505_merged.json

	sudo nano ULF_generationULF_gen.py
		-> parse_audit_log("samplelogs/audit_1640089505_merged.json")    --->(change with the line)--> parse_audit_log('samplelogs/audit_<LOG_FILE_NAME>.json')
		-> parse_error_log('samplelogs/access_1640089505.log')   ---->(change with the line)---->  parse_error_log('samplelogs/access_<LOG_FILE_NAME>.log')
		-> parse_error_log('samplelogs/error_1640089505.log')    ---->(change with the line)---->   parse_error_log('samplelogs/error_<LOG_FILE_NAME>.log')
	
	python3 ULF_generation/ULF_gen.py
	python3 ULF_generation/sort_ULF.py 	#this will generate an universal_log.json file
	python3 UPG_construction/upg_gen.py
	rm outputs/data1.json outputs/data.json outputs/provenanceGraph.html outputs/upg.json outputs/universal_log.json outputs/aud_map.json outputs/partitioned_logs.json samplelogs/*.json

This will generate a provenanceGraph.html file which is the graph. It can be viewed in a browser.

Appendix

  1. https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html#vboxmanage-showvminfo
  2. https://networking.ringofsaturn.com/Unix/Create_Virtual_Machine_VBoxManage.php
  3. https://tecadmin.net/install-oracle-virtualbox-on-ubuntu/
  4. https://www.nakivo.com/blog/virtualbox-network-setting-guide/
  5. https://www.oracle.com/technical-resources/articles/it-infrastructure/admin-manage-vbox-cli.html
  6. https://medium.com/platform-engineer/port-forwarding-for-ssh-http-on-virtualbox-459277a888be

Bibliography

@inproceedings{satpathy2023disprotrack,
  title={DisProTrack: Distributed Provenance Tracking over Serverless Applications},
  author={Satpathy, Utkalika and Thakur, Rishabh and Chattopadhyay, Subhrendu and Chakraborty, Sandip},
  booktitle={IEEE INFOCOM},
  year={2023}
}