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gdal_rpc.cpp
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/******************************************************************************
*
* Project: Image Warper
* Purpose: Implements a rational polynomial (RPC) based transformer.
* Author: Frank Warmerdam, [email protected]
*
******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2003, Frank Warmerdam <[email protected]>
* Copyright (c) 2009-2013, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
* to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
* in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
* FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
* DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
****************************************************************************/
#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "gdal_alg.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_mem_cache.h"
#include "cpl_minixml.h"
#include "cpl_string.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"
#include "gdal.h"
#include "gdal_mdreader.h"
#include "gdal_priv.h"
#if defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_X64)
#define USE_SSE2_OPTIM
#include "gdalsse_priv.h"
#endif
#include "ogr_api.h"
#include "ogr_geometry.h"
#include "ogr_spatialref.h"
#include "ogr_srs_api.h"
// #define DEBUG_VERBOSE_EXTRACT_DEM
CPL_C_START
CPLXMLNode *GDALSerializeRPCTransformer(void *pTransformArg);
void *GDALDeserializeRPCTransformer(CPLXMLNode *psTree);
CPL_C_END
constexpr int MAX_ABS_VALUE_WARNINGS = 20;
constexpr double DEFAULT_PIX_ERR_THRESHOLD = 0.1;
/************************************************************************/
/* RPCInfoToMD() */
/* */
/* Turn an RPCInfo structure back into its metadata format. */
/************************************************************************/
char **RPCInfoV1ToMD(GDALRPCInfoV1 *psRPCInfo)
{
GDALRPCInfoV2 sRPCInfo;
memcpy(&sRPCInfo, psRPCInfo, sizeof(GDALRPCInfoV1));
sRPCInfo.dfERR_BIAS = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
sRPCInfo.dfERR_RAND = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
return RPCInfoV2ToMD(&sRPCInfo);
}
char **RPCInfoV2ToMD(GDALRPCInfoV2 *psRPCInfo)
{
char **papszMD = nullptr;
CPLString osField, osMultiField;
if (!std::isnan(psRPCInfo->dfERR_BIAS))
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfERR_BIAS);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_ERR_BIAS, osField);
}
if (!std::isnan(psRPCInfo->dfERR_RAND))
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfERR_RAND);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_ERR_RAND, osField);
}
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLINE_OFF);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LINE_OFF, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfSAMP_OFF);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_SAMP_OFF, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLAT_OFF);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LAT_OFF, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLONG_OFF);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LONG_OFF, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfHEIGHT_OFF);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_HEIGHT_OFF, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLINE_SCALE);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LINE_SCALE, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfSAMP_SCALE);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_SAMP_SCALE, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLAT_SCALE);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LAT_SCALE, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfLONG_SCALE);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_LONG_SCALE, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfHEIGHT_SCALE);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_HEIGHT_SCALE, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfMIN_LONG);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_MIN_LONG, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfMIN_LAT);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_MIN_LAT, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfMAX_LONG);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_MAX_LONG, osField);
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->dfMAX_LAT);
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, RPC_MAX_LAT, osField);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->adfLINE_NUM_COEFF[i]);
if (i > 0)
osMultiField += " ";
else
osMultiField = "";
osMultiField += osField;
}
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, "LINE_NUM_COEFF", osMultiField);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->adfLINE_DEN_COEFF[i]);
if (i > 0)
osMultiField += " ";
else
osMultiField = "";
osMultiField += osField;
}
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, "LINE_DEN_COEFF", osMultiField);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->adfSAMP_NUM_COEFF[i]);
if (i > 0)
osMultiField += " ";
else
osMultiField = "";
osMultiField += osField;
}
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, "SAMP_NUM_COEFF", osMultiField);
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
{
osField.Printf("%.15g", psRPCInfo->adfSAMP_DEN_COEFF[i]);
if (i > 0)
osMultiField += " ";
else
osMultiField = "";
osMultiField += osField;
}
papszMD = CSLSetNameValue(papszMD, "SAMP_DEN_COEFF", osMultiField);
return papszMD;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* RPCComputeTerms() */
/************************************************************************/
static void RPCComputeTerms(double dfLong, double dfLat, double dfHeight,
double *padfTerms)
{
padfTerms[0] = 1.0;
padfTerms[1] = dfLong;
padfTerms[2] = dfLat;
padfTerms[3] = dfHeight;
padfTerms[4] = dfLong * dfLat;
padfTerms[5] = dfLong * dfHeight;
padfTerms[6] = dfLat * dfHeight;
padfTerms[7] = dfLong * dfLong;
padfTerms[8] = dfLat * dfLat;
padfTerms[9] = dfHeight * dfHeight;
padfTerms[10] = dfLong * dfLat * dfHeight;
padfTerms[11] = dfLong * dfLong * dfLong;
padfTerms[12] = dfLong * dfLat * dfLat;
padfTerms[13] = dfLong * dfHeight * dfHeight;
padfTerms[14] = dfLong * dfLong * dfLat;
padfTerms[15] = dfLat * dfLat * dfLat;
padfTerms[16] = dfLat * dfHeight * dfHeight;
padfTerms[17] = dfLong * dfLong * dfHeight;
padfTerms[18] = dfLat * dfLat * dfHeight;
padfTerms[19] = dfHeight * dfHeight * dfHeight;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* ==================================================================== */
/* GDALRPCTransformer */
/* ==================================================================== */
/************************************************************************/
/*! DEM Resampling Algorithm */
typedef enum
{
/*! Nearest neighbour (select on one input pixel) */ DRA_NearestNeighbour =
0,
/*! Bilinear (2x2 kernel) */ DRA_Bilinear = 1,
/*! Cubic Convolution Approximation (4x4 kernel) */ DRA_Cubic = 2
} DEMResampleAlg;
typedef struct
{
GDALTransformerInfo sTI;
GDALRPCInfoV2 sRPC;
double adfPLToLatLongGeoTransform[6];
double dfRefZ;
int bReversed;
double dfPixErrThreshold;
double dfHeightOffset;
double dfHeightScale;
char *pszDEMPath;
DEMResampleAlg eResampleAlg;
int bHasDEMMissingValue;
double dfDEMMissingValue;
char *pszDEMSRS;
int bApplyDEMVDatumShift;
GDALDataset *poDS;
// the key is (nYBlock << 32) | nXBlock)
lru11::Cache<uint64_t, std::shared_ptr<std::vector<double>>> *poCacheDEM;
OGRCoordinateTransformation *poCT;
int nMaxIterations;
double adfDEMGeoTransform[6];
double adfDEMReverseGeoTransform[6];
#ifdef USE_SSE2_OPTIM
double adfDoubles[20 * 4 + 1];
// LINE_NUM_COEFF, LINE_DEN_COEFF, SAMP_NUM_COEFF and then SAMP_DEN_COEFF.
double *padfCoeffs;
#endif
bool bRPCInverseVerbose;
char *pszRPCInverseLog;
char *pszRPCFootprint;
OGRGeometry *poRPCFootprintGeom;
OGRPreparedGeometry *poRPCFootprintPreparedGeom;
} GDALRPCTransformInfo;
static bool GDALRPCOpenDEM(GDALRPCTransformInfo *psTransform);
/************************************************************************/
/* RPCEvaluate() */
/************************************************************************/
#ifdef USE_SSE2_OPTIM
static void RPCEvaluate4(const double *padfTerms, const double *padfCoefs,
double &dfSum1, double &dfSum2, double &dfSum3,
double &dfSum4)
{
XMMReg2Double sum1 = XMMReg2Double::Zero();
XMMReg2Double sum2 = XMMReg2Double::Zero();
XMMReg2Double sum3 = XMMReg2Double::Zero();
XMMReg2Double sum4 = XMMReg2Double::Zero();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i += 2)
{
const XMMReg2Double terms =
XMMReg2Double::Load2ValAligned(padfTerms + i);
// LINE_NUM_COEFF.
const XMMReg2Double coefs1 =
XMMReg2Double::Load2ValAligned(padfCoefs + i);
// LINE_DEN_COEFF.
const XMMReg2Double coefs2 =
XMMReg2Double::Load2ValAligned(padfCoefs + i + 20);
// SAMP_NUM_COEFF.
const XMMReg2Double coefs3 =
XMMReg2Double::Load2ValAligned(padfCoefs + i + 40);
// SAMP_DEN_COEFF.
const XMMReg2Double coefs4 =
XMMReg2Double::Load2ValAligned(padfCoefs + i + 60);
sum1 += terms * coefs1;
sum2 += terms * coefs2;
sum3 += terms * coefs3;
sum4 += terms * coefs4;
}
dfSum1 = sum1.GetHorizSum();
dfSum2 = sum2.GetHorizSum();
dfSum3 = sum3.GetHorizSum();
dfSum4 = sum4.GetHorizSum();
}
#else
static double RPCEvaluate(const double *padfTerms, const double *padfCoefs)
{
double dfSum1 = 0.0;
double dfSum2 = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i += 2)
{
dfSum1 += padfTerms[i] * padfCoefs[i];
dfSum2 += padfTerms[i + 1] * padfCoefs[i + 1];
}
return dfSum1 + dfSum2;
}
#endif
/************************************************************************/
/* RPCTransformPoint() */
/************************************************************************/
static void RPCTransformPoint(const GDALRPCTransformInfo *psRPCTransformInfo,
double dfLong, double dfLat, double dfHeight,
double *pdfPixel, double *pdfLine)
{
double adfTermsWithMargin[20 + 1] = {};
// Make padfTerms aligned on 16-byte boundary for SSE2 aligned loads.
double *padfTerms =
adfTermsWithMargin +
(reinterpret_cast<GUIntptr_t>(adfTermsWithMargin) % 16) / 8;
// Avoid dateline issues.
double diffLong = dfLong - psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLONG_OFF;
if (diffLong < -270)
{
diffLong += 360;
}
else if (diffLong > 270)
{
diffLong -= 360;
}
const double dfNormalizedLong =
diffLong / psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLONG_SCALE;
const double dfNormalizedLat =
(dfLat - psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLAT_OFF) /
psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLAT_SCALE;
const double dfNormalizedHeight =
(dfHeight - psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfHEIGHT_OFF) /
psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfHEIGHT_SCALE;
// The absolute values of the 3 above normalized values are supposed to be
// below 1. Warn (as debug message) if it is not the case. We allow for some
// margin above 1 (1.5, somewhat arbitrary chosen) before warning.
static int nCountWarningsAboutAboveOneNormalizedValues = 0;
if (nCountWarningsAboutAboveOneNormalizedValues < MAX_ABS_VALUE_WARNINGS)
{
bool bWarned = false;
if (fabs(dfNormalizedLong) > 1.5)
{
bWarned = true;
CPLDebug(
"RPC",
"Normalized %s for (lon,lat,height)=(%f,%f,%f) is %f, "
"i.e. with an absolute value of > 1, which may cause numeric "
"stability problems",
"longitude", dfLong, dfLat, dfHeight, dfNormalizedLong);
}
if (fabs(dfNormalizedLat) > 1.5)
{
bWarned = true;
CPLDebug(
"RPC",
"Normalized %s for (lon,lat,height)=(%f,%f,%f) is %f, "
"ie with an absolute value of > 1, which may cause numeric "
"stability problems",
"latitude", dfLong, dfLat, dfHeight, dfNormalizedLat);
}
if (fabs(dfNormalizedHeight) > 1.5)
{
bWarned = true;
CPLDebug(
"RPC",
"Normalized %s for (lon,lat,height)=(%f,%f,%f) is %f, "
"i.e. with an absolute value of > 1, which may cause numeric "
"stability problems",
"height", dfLong, dfLat, dfHeight, dfNormalizedHeight);
}
if (bWarned)
{
// Limit the number of warnings.
nCountWarningsAboutAboveOneNormalizedValues++;
if (nCountWarningsAboutAboveOneNormalizedValues ==
MAX_ABS_VALUE_WARNINGS)
{
CPLDebug("RPC", "No more such debug warnings will be emitted");
}
}
}
RPCComputeTerms(dfNormalizedLong, dfNormalizedLat, dfNormalizedHeight,
padfTerms);
#ifdef USE_SSE2_OPTIM
double dfSampNum = 0.0;
double dfSampDen = 0.0;
double dfLineNum = 0.0;
double dfLineDen = 0.0;
RPCEvaluate4(padfTerms, psRPCTransformInfo->padfCoeffs, dfLineNum,
dfLineDen, dfSampNum, dfSampDen);
const double dfResultX = dfSampNum / dfSampDen;
const double dfResultY = dfLineNum / dfLineDen;
#else
const double dfResultX =
RPCEvaluate(padfTerms, psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.adfSAMP_NUM_COEFF) /
RPCEvaluate(padfTerms, psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.adfSAMP_DEN_COEFF);
const double dfResultY =
RPCEvaluate(padfTerms, psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.adfLINE_NUM_COEFF) /
RPCEvaluate(padfTerms, psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.adfLINE_DEN_COEFF);
#endif
// RPCs are using the center of upper left pixel = 0,0 convention
// convert to top left corner = 0,0 convention used in GDAL.
*pdfPixel = dfResultX * psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfSAMP_SCALE +
psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfSAMP_OFF + 0.5;
*pdfLine = dfResultY * psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLINE_SCALE +
psRPCTransformInfo->sRPC.dfLINE_OFF + 0.5;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* GDALSerializeRPCDEMResample() */
/************************************************************************/
static const char *GDALSerializeRPCDEMResample(DEMResampleAlg eResampleAlg)
{
switch (eResampleAlg)
{
case DRA_NearestNeighbour:
return "near";
case DRA_Cubic:
return "cubic";
default:
case DRA_Bilinear:
return "bilinear";
}
}
/************************************************************************/
/* GDALCreateSimilarRPCTransformer() */
/************************************************************************/
static void *GDALCreateSimilarRPCTransformer(void *hTransformArg,
double dfRatioX, double dfRatioY)
{
VALIDATE_POINTER1(hTransformArg, "GDALCreateSimilarRPCTransformer",
nullptr);
GDALRPCTransformInfo *psInfo =
static_cast<GDALRPCTransformInfo *>(hTransformArg);
GDALRPCInfoV2 sRPC;
memcpy(&sRPC, &(psInfo->sRPC), sizeof(GDALRPCInfoV2));
if (dfRatioX != 1.0 || dfRatioY != 1.0)
{
sRPC.dfLINE_OFF /= dfRatioY;
sRPC.dfLINE_SCALE /= dfRatioY;
sRPC.dfSAMP_OFF /= dfRatioX;
sRPC.dfSAMP_SCALE /= dfRatioX;
}
char **papszOptions = nullptr;
papszOptions = CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_HEIGHT",
CPLSPrintf("%.18g", psInfo->dfHeightOffset));
papszOptions = CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_HEIGHT_SCALE",
CPLSPrintf("%.18g", psInfo->dfHeightScale));
if (psInfo->pszDEMPath != nullptr)
{
papszOptions =
CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM", psInfo->pszDEMPath);
papszOptions =
CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEMINTERPOLATION",
GDALSerializeRPCDEMResample(psInfo->eResampleAlg));
if (psInfo->bHasDEMMissingValue)
papszOptions =
CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM_MISSING_VALUE",
CPLSPrintf("%.18g", psInfo->dfDEMMissingValue));
papszOptions =
CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM_APPLY_VDATUM_SHIFT",
(psInfo->bApplyDEMVDatumShift) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
}
papszOptions = CSLSetNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_MAX_ITERATIONS",
CPLSPrintf("%d", psInfo->nMaxIterations));
GDALRPCTransformInfo *psNewInfo =
static_cast<GDALRPCTransformInfo *>(GDALCreateRPCTransformerV2(
&sRPC, psInfo->bReversed, psInfo->dfPixErrThreshold, papszOptions));
CSLDestroy(papszOptions);
return psNewInfo;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* GDALRPCGetHeightAtLongLat() */
/************************************************************************/
static int GDALRPCGetDEMHeight(GDALRPCTransformInfo *psTransform,
const double dfXIn, const double dfYIn,
double *pdfDEMH);
static bool GDALRPCGetHeightAtLongLat(GDALRPCTransformInfo *psTransform,
const double dfXIn, const double dfYIn,
double *pdfHeight,
double *pdfDEMPixel = nullptr,
double *pdfDEMLine = nullptr)
{
double dfVDatumShift = 0.0;
double dfDEMH = 0.0;
if (psTransform->poDS)
{
double dfX = 0.0;
double dfY = 0.0;
double dfXTemp = dfXIn;
double dfYTemp = dfYIn;
// Check if dem is not in WGS84 and transform points padfX[i], padfY[i].
if (psTransform->poCT)
{
double dfZ = 0.0;
if (!psTransform->poCT->Transform(1, &dfXTemp, &dfYTemp, &dfZ))
{
return false;
}
// We must take the opposite since poCT transforms from
// WGS84 to geoid. And we are going to do the reverse:
// take an elevation over the geoid and transforms it to WGS84.
if (psTransform->bApplyDEMVDatumShift)
dfVDatumShift = -dfZ;
}
bool bRetried = false;
retry:
GDALApplyGeoTransform(psTransform->adfDEMReverseGeoTransform, dfXTemp,
dfYTemp, &dfX, &dfY);
if (pdfDEMPixel)
*pdfDEMPixel = dfX;
if (pdfDEMLine)
*pdfDEMLine = dfY;
if (!GDALRPCGetDEMHeight(psTransform, dfX, dfY, &dfDEMH))
{
// Try to handle the case where the DEM is in LL WGS84 and spans
// over [-180,180], (or very close to it ), presumably with much
// hole in the middle if using VRT, and the longitude goes beyond
// that interval.
if (!bRetried && psTransform->poCT == nullptr &&
(dfXIn >= 180.0 || dfXIn <= -180.0))
{
const int nRasterXSize = psTransform->poDS->GetRasterXSize();
const double dfMinDEMLong = psTransform->adfDEMGeoTransform[0];
const double dfMaxDEMLong =
psTransform->adfDEMGeoTransform[0] +
nRasterXSize * psTransform->adfDEMGeoTransform[1];
if (fabs(dfMinDEMLong - -180) < 0.1 &&
fabs(dfMaxDEMLong - 180) < 0.1)
{
if (dfXIn >= 180)
{
dfXTemp = dfXIn - 360;
dfYTemp = dfYIn;
}
else
{
dfXTemp = dfXIn + 360;
dfYTemp = dfYIn;
}
bRetried = true;
goto retry;
}
}
if (psTransform->bHasDEMMissingValue)
dfDEMH = psTransform->dfDEMMissingValue;
else
{
return false;
}
}
#ifdef DEBUG_VERBOSE_EXTRACT_DEM
CPLDebug("RPC_DEM", "X=%f, Y=%f -> Z=%f", dfX, dfY, dfDEMH);
#endif
}
*pdfHeight = dfVDatumShift + (psTransform->dfHeightOffset +
dfDEMH * psTransform->dfHeightScale);
return true;
}
/************************************************************************/
/* GDALCreateRPCTransformer() */
/************************************************************************/
void *GDALCreateRPCTransformerV1(GDALRPCInfoV1 *psRPCInfo, int bReversed,
double dfPixErrThreshold, char **papszOptions)
{
GDALRPCInfoV2 sRPCInfo;
memcpy(&sRPCInfo, psRPCInfo, sizeof(GDALRPCInfoV1));
sRPCInfo.dfERR_BIAS = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
sRPCInfo.dfERR_RAND = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
return GDALCreateRPCTransformerV2(&sRPCInfo, bReversed, dfPixErrThreshold,
papszOptions);
}
/**
* Create an RPC based transformer.
*
* The geometric sensor model describing the physical relationship between
* image coordinates and ground coordinate is known as a Rigorous Projection
* Model. A Rigorous Projection Model expresses the mapping of the image space
* coordinates of rows and columns (r,c) onto the object space reference
* surface geodetic coordinates (long, lat, height).
*
* RPC supports a generic description of the Rigorous Projection Models. The
* approximation used by GDAL (RPC00) is a set of rational polynomials
* expressing the normalized row and column values, (rn , cn), as a function of
* normalized geodetic latitude, longitude, and height, (P, L, H), given a
* set of normalized polynomial coefficients (LINE_NUM_COEF_n, LINE_DEN_COEF_n,
* SAMP_NUM_COEF_n, SAMP_DEN_COEF_n). Normalized values, rather than actual
* values are used in order to minimize introduction of errors during the
* calculations. The transformation between row and column values (r,c), and
* normalized row and column values (rn, cn), and between the geodetic
* latitude, longitude, and height and normalized geodetic latitude,
* longitude, and height (P, L, H), is defined by a set of normalizing
* translations (offsets) and scales that ensure all values are contained i
* the range -1 to +1.
*
* This function creates a GDALTransformFunc compatible transformer
* for going between image pixel/line and long/lat/height coordinates
* using RPCs. The RPCs are provided in a GDALRPCInfo structure which is
* normally read from metadata using GDALExtractRPCInfo().
*
* GDAL RPC Metadata has the following entries (also described in GDAL RFC 22
* and the GeoTIFF RPC document http://geotiff.maptools.org/rpc_prop.html .
*
* <ul>
* <li>ERR_BIAS: Error - Bias. The RMS bias error in meters per horizontal axis
* of all points in the image (-1.0 if unknown)
* <li>ERR_RAND: Error - Random. RMS random error in meters per horizontal axis
* of each point in the image (-1.0 if unknown)
* <li>LINE_OFF: Line Offset
* <li>SAMP_OFF: Sample Offset
* <li>LAT_OFF: Geodetic Latitude Offset
* <li>LONG_OFF: Geodetic Longitude Offset
* <li>HEIGHT_OFF: Geodetic Height Offset
* <li>LINE_SCALE: Line Scale
* <li>SAMP_SCALE: Sample Scale
* <li>LAT_SCALE: Geodetic Latitude Scale
* <li>LONG_SCALE: Geodetic Longitude Scale
* <li>HEIGHT_SCALE: Geodetic Height Scale
* <li>LINE_NUM_COEFF (1-20): Line Numerator Coefficients. Twenty coefficients
* for the polynomial in the Numerator of the rn equation. (space separated)
* <li>LINE_DEN_COEFF (1-20): Line Denominator Coefficients. Twenty coefficients
* for the polynomial in the Denominator of the rn equation. (space separated)
* <li>SAMP_NUM_COEFF (1-20): Sample Numerator Coefficients. Twenty coefficients
* for the polynomial in the Numerator of the cn equation. (space separated)
* <li>SAMP_DEN_COEFF (1-20): Sample Denominator Coefficients. Twenty
* coefficients for the polynomial in the Denominator of the cn equation. (space
* separated)
* </ul>
*
* The transformer normally maps from pixel/line/height to long/lat/height space
* as a forward transformation though in RPC terms that would be considered
* an inverse transformation (and is solved by iterative approximation using
* long/lat/height to pixel/line transformations). The default direction can
* be reversed by passing bReversed=TRUE.
*
* The iterative solution of pixel/line
* to lat/long/height is currently run for up to 10 iterations or until
* the apparent error is less than dfPixErrThreshold pixels. Passing zero
* will not avoid all error, but will cause the operation to run for the maximum
* number of iterations.
*
* Starting with GDAL 2.1, debugging of the RPC inverse transformer can be done
* by setting the RPC_INVERSE_VERBOSE configuration option to YES (in which case
* extra debug information will be displayed in the "RPC" debug category, so
* requiring CPL_DEBUG to be also set) and/or by setting RPC_INVERSE_LOG to a
* filename that will contain the content of iterations (this last option only
* makes sense when debugging point by point, since each time
* RPCInverseTransformPoint() is called, the file is rewritten).
*
* Additional options to the transformer can be supplied in papszOptions.
*
* Options:
*
* <ul>
* <li> RPC_HEIGHT: a fixed height offset to be applied to all points passed
* in. In this situation the Z passed into the transformation function is
* assumed to be height above ground, and the RPC_HEIGHT is assumed to be
* an average height above sea level for ground in the target scene.</li>
*
* <li> RPC_HEIGHT_SCALE: a factor used to multiply heights above ground.
* Useful when elevation offsets of the DEM are not expressed in meters.</li>
*
* <li> RPC_DEM: the name of a GDAL dataset (a DEM file typically) used to
* extract elevation offsets from. In this situation the Z passed into the
* transformation function is assumed to be height above ground. This option
* should be used in replacement of RPC_HEIGHT to provide a way of defining
* a non uniform ground for the target scene</li>
*
* <li> RPC_DEMINTERPOLATION: the DEM interpolation ("near", "bilinear" or
"cubic").
* Default is "bilinear".</li>
*
* <li> RPC_DEM_MISSING_VALUE: value of DEM height that must be used in case
* the DEM has nodata value at the sampling point, or if its extent does not
* cover the requested coordinate. When not specified, missing values will cause
* a failed transform.</li>
*
* <li> RPC_DEM_SRS: (GDAL >= 3.2) WKT SRS, or any string recognized by
* OGRSpatialReference::SetFromUserInput(), to be used as an override for DEM
SRS.
* Useful if DEM SRS does not have an explicit vertical component. </li>
*
* <li> RPC_DEM_APPLY_VDATUM_SHIFT: whether the vertical component of a compound
* SRS for the DEM should be used (when it is present). This is useful so as to
* be able to transform the "raw" values from the DEM expressed with respect to
* a geoid to the heights with respect to the WGS84 ellipsoid. When this is
* enabled, the GTIFF_REPORT_COMPD_CS configuration option will be also set
* temporarily so as to get the vertical information from GeoTIFF
* files. Defaults to TRUE. (GDAL >= 2.1.0)</li>
*
* <li> RPC_PIXEL_ERROR_THRESHOLD: overrides the dfPixErrThreshold parameter, ie
the error (measured in pixels) allowed in the
* iterative solution of pixel/line to lat/long computations (the other way
* is always exact given the equations). (GDAL >= 2.1.0)</li>
*
* <li> RPC_MAX_ITERATIONS: maximum number of iterations allowed in the
* iterative solution of pixel/line to lat/long computations. Default value is
* 10 in the absence of a DEM, or 20 if there is a DEM. (GDAL >= 2.1.0)</li>
*
* <li> RPC_FOOTPRINT: WKT or GeoJSON polygon (in long / lat coordinate space)
* with a validity footprint for the RPC. Any coordinate transformation that
* goes from or arrive outside this footprint will be considered invalid. This
* is useful in situations where the RPC values become highly unstable outside
* of the area on which they have been computed for, potentially leading to
* undesirable "echoes" / false positives. This requires GDAL to be built
against
* GEOS.</li>
*
* </ul>
*
* @param psRPCInfo Definition of the RPC parameters.
*
* @param bReversed If true "forward" transformation will be lat/long to
* pixel/line instead of the normal pixel/line to lat/long.
*
* @param dfPixErrThreshold the error (measured in pixels) allowed in the
* iterative solution of pixel/line to lat/long computations (the other way
* is always exact given the equations). Starting with GDAL 2.1, this may also
* be set through the RPC_PIXEL_ERROR_THRESHOLD transformer option.
* If a negative or null value is provided, then this defaults to 0.1 pixel.
*
* @param papszOptions Other transformer options (i.e. RPC_HEIGHT=z).
*
* @return transformer callback data (deallocate with GDALDestroyTransformer()).
*/
void *GDALCreateRPCTransformerV2(const GDALRPCInfoV2 *psRPCInfo, int bReversed,
double dfPixErrThreshold, char **papszOptions)
{
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Initialize core info. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
GDALRPCTransformInfo *psTransform = static_cast<GDALRPCTransformInfo *>(
CPLCalloc(sizeof(GDALRPCTransformInfo), 1));
memcpy(&(psTransform->sRPC), psRPCInfo, sizeof(GDALRPCInfoV2));
psTransform->bReversed = bReversed;
const char *pszPixErrThreshold =
CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_PIXEL_ERROR_THRESHOLD");
if (pszPixErrThreshold != nullptr)
psTransform->dfPixErrThreshold = CPLAtof(pszPixErrThreshold);
else if (dfPixErrThreshold > 0)
psTransform->dfPixErrThreshold = dfPixErrThreshold;
else
psTransform->dfPixErrThreshold = DEFAULT_PIX_ERR_THRESHOLD;
psTransform->dfHeightOffset = 0.0;
psTransform->dfHeightScale = 1.0;
memcpy(psTransform->sTI.abySignature, GDAL_GTI2_SIGNATURE,
strlen(GDAL_GTI2_SIGNATURE));
psTransform->sTI.pszClassName = "GDALRPCTransformer";
psTransform->sTI.pfnTransform = GDALRPCTransform;
psTransform->sTI.pfnCleanup = GDALDestroyRPCTransformer;
psTransform->sTI.pfnSerialize = GDALSerializeRPCTransformer;
psTransform->sTI.pfnCreateSimilar = GDALCreateSimilarRPCTransformer;
#ifdef USE_SSE2_OPTIM
// Make sure padfCoeffs is aligned on a 16-byte boundary for SSE2 aligned
// loads.
psTransform->padfCoeffs =
psTransform->adfDoubles +
(reinterpret_cast<GUIntptr_t>(psTransform->adfDoubles) % 16) / 8;
memcpy(psTransform->padfCoeffs, psRPCInfo->adfLINE_NUM_COEFF,
20 * sizeof(double));
memcpy(psTransform->padfCoeffs + 20, psRPCInfo->adfLINE_DEN_COEFF,
20 * sizeof(double));
memcpy(psTransform->padfCoeffs + 40, psRPCInfo->adfSAMP_NUM_COEFF,
20 * sizeof(double));
memcpy(psTransform->padfCoeffs + 60, psRPCInfo->adfSAMP_DEN_COEFF,
20 * sizeof(double));
#endif
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Do we have a "average height" that we want to consider all */
/* elevations to be relative to? */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszHeight = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_HEIGHT");
if (pszHeight != nullptr)
psTransform->dfHeightOffset = CPLAtof(pszHeight);
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The "height scale" */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszHeightScale =
CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_HEIGHT_SCALE");
if (pszHeightScale != nullptr)
psTransform->dfHeightScale = CPLAtof(pszHeightScale);
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The DEM file name */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszDEMPath = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM");
if (pszDEMPath != nullptr)
{
psTransform->pszDEMPath = CPLStrdup(pszDEMPath);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The DEM interpolation */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszDEMInterpolation =
CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "RPC_DEMINTERPOLATION", "bilinear");
if (EQUAL(pszDEMInterpolation, "near"))
{
psTransform->eResampleAlg = DRA_NearestNeighbour;
}
else if (EQUAL(pszDEMInterpolation, "bilinear"))
{
psTransform->eResampleAlg = DRA_Bilinear;
}
else if (EQUAL(pszDEMInterpolation, "cubic"))
{
psTransform->eResampleAlg = DRA_Cubic;
}
else
{
CPLDebug("RPC", "Unknown interpolation %s. Defaulting to bilinear",
pszDEMInterpolation);
psTransform->eResampleAlg = DRA_Bilinear;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The DEM missing value */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszDEMMissingValue =
CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM_MISSING_VALUE");
if (pszDEMMissingValue != nullptr)
{
psTransform->bHasDEMMissingValue = TRUE;
psTransform->dfDEMMissingValue = CPLAtof(pszDEMMissingValue);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The DEM SRS override */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszDEMSRS = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM_SRS");
if (pszDEMSRS != nullptr)
{
psTransform->pszDEMSRS = CPLStrdup(pszDEMSRS);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Whether to apply vdatum shift */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
psTransform->bApplyDEMVDatumShift =
CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "RPC_DEM_APPLY_VDATUM_SHIFT", true);
psTransform->nMaxIterations =
atoi(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "RPC_MAX_ITERATIONS", "0"));
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Debug */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
psTransform->bRPCInverseVerbose =
CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("RPC_INVERSE_VERBOSE", "NO"));
const char *pszRPCInverseLog =
CPLGetConfigOption("RPC_INVERSE_LOG", nullptr);
if (pszRPCInverseLog != nullptr)
psTransform->pszRPCInverseLog = CPLStrdup(pszRPCInverseLog);
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Footprint */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
const char *pszFootprint = CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "RPC_FOOTPRINT");
if (pszFootprint != nullptr)
{
psTransform->pszRPCFootprint = CPLStrdup(pszFootprint);
if (pszFootprint[0] == '{')
{
psTransform->poRPCFootprintGeom =
OGRGeometryFactory::createFromGeoJson(pszFootprint);
}
else
{
OGRGeometryFactory::createFromWkt(
pszFootprint, nullptr, &(psTransform->poRPCFootprintGeom));
}
if (psTransform->poRPCFootprintGeom)
{
if (OGRHasPreparedGeometrySupport())
{
psTransform->poRPCFootprintPreparedGeom =
OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(
OGRGeometry::ToHandle(psTransform->poRPCFootprintGeom));
}
else
{
CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
"GEOS not available. RPC_FOOTPRINT will be ignored");
}
}
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Open DEM if needed. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
if (psTransform->pszDEMPath != nullptr && !GDALRPCOpenDEM(psTransform))
{
GDALDestroyRPCTransformer(psTransform);
return nullptr;
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Establish a reference point for calcualating an affine */
/* geotransform approximate transformation. */
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
double adfGTFromLL[6] = {};
double dfRefPixel = -1.0;
double dfRefLine = -1.0;
double dfRefLong = 0.0;
double dfRefLat = 0.0;