conjugation.md

Conjugation of Verbs

Taken from Johannes Heinecke: Temporal Deixis in Welsh and Breton. Heidelberg: Winter 1999. ISBN 3-8253-0922-3.

Regular Verbs

The following tables give the paradigms of the synthetic verbs in the traditional spelling (upper line using the radical, i.e. unmutated form) and the « new spelling » adopted in recent years due to spoken language's influence on the written language (cf. Jones 1976, Wiilliams 1980 and King 1993)

Indicative (Mood=Ind)

name	Future Tense	Perfective Preterite Tense	Potential Tense	Irreal Tense
alternative name			(Conditional Tense)	(Pluperfect Tense)
UD Tense feature value	Fut	Past	Imp (Mood: Cnd)	Pqp
1SG	canaf	cenais	canwn	canaswn
	cana i	canais i	canwn i
2SG	ceni	cenaist	canit	canait
	cani di	canaist ti	canet ti*
3SG	cân	canodd	canai	canasai
	caniff/canith o	canodd o	canai fo
1PL	canwn	canasom	canem	canasem
	canon ni	can(s)on ni	canen ni
2PL	cenwch	canasoch	canech	canasech
	canwch chi	can(s)och chi	canech chi
3PL	canant	canasant	canent	canasent
	canan nhw	can(s)on nhw	canen nhw
IMPS	cenir	canwyd	cenid	canasid/canesid

Subjunctive (Mood=Sub)

name	Present Tense	Preterite Tense
UD Tense feature value	Pres	Past
1SG	canwyf	canwn
2SG	cenych	cenit
3SG	cano	canai
1PL	canom	canem
2PL	cenoch	canech
3PL	canont	canent
IMPS	caner	cenid

bod to be

Indicative

	Future Tense	Perfective Preterite Tense	Potential Tense	Irreal Tense	Present Tense	Imperfective Preterite Tense
UD Tense feature value	Fut	Past	Imp (Mood: Cnd)	Pqp	Pres	Imp
1SG	byddaf	bûm	byddwn, bawn	buaswn	yr (yd)wyf	yr oeddwn
	bydda i	bues i	byddwn i	baswn i	rydw i	roeddwn i
2SG	byddi	buost	byddit, baet	buasit	yr (yd)wyt	yr oeddit
	byddi di	buest ti	byddet ti	basit ti	rwyt ti	roeddet ti
3SG	bydd	bu	byddai, bai	buasai	(yd)yw, y mae, oes, sydd	yr oedd
	bydd o	buodd o	byddai fo	basai fo	mae o, oes, sy	roedd o
1PL	byddwn	buom	byddem, baem	buasem	yr (yd)ym	yr oeddem
	byddwn ni	buon ni	bydden ni	basen ni	rydyn ni	roedden ni
2PL	byddwch	buoch	byddech, baech	buasech	yr (yd)ych	yr oeddech
	byddwch chi	buoch chi	byddech chi	basech chi	rydych chi	roeddech chi
3PL	byddant	buant/buont	byddent, baent	buasent	(yd)ynt, y maent	yr oeddent
	byddan nhw	buon nhw	bydden nhw	basen nhw	maen nhw, ydyn nhw	roedden nhw
IMPS	byddir	buwyd	byddid	buasid	(yd)ys	oeddid

Subjunctive

name	Present Tense	Preterite Tense
UD Tense feature value	Pres	Past
1SG	bwyf, byddwyf	bof
2SG	bych, byddych	bot
3SG	bo, byddo	bo
1PL	bôm, byddom	bôn
2PL	boch, byddoch	boch
3PL	bônt, byddont	bôn
IMPS	bydder