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coord-polar.r
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#' Polar coordinates
#'
#' The polar coordinate system is most commonly used for pie charts, which
#' are a stacked bar chart in polar coordinates.
#'
#' @param theta variable to map angle to (`x` or `y`)
#' @param start offset of starting point from 12 o'clock in radians
#' @param direction 1, clockwise; -1, anticlockwise
#' @export
#' @examples
#' # NOTE: Use these plots with caution - polar coordinates has
#' # major perceptual problems. The main point of these examples is
#' # to demonstrate how these common plots can be described in the
#' # grammar. Use with EXTREME caution.
#'
#' #' # A pie chart = stacked bar chart + polar coordinates
#' pie <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = factor(1), fill = factor(cyl))) +
#' geom_bar(width = 1)
#' pie + coord_polar(theta = "y")
#'
#' \donttest{
#'
#' # A coxcomb plot = bar chart + polar coordinates
#' cxc <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = factor(cyl))) +
#' geom_bar(width = 1, colour = "black")
#' cxc + coord_polar()
#' # A new type of plot?
#' cxc + coord_polar(theta = "y")
#'
#' # The bullseye chart
#' pie + coord_polar()
#'
#' # Hadley's favourite pie chart
#' df <- data.frame(
#' variable = c("does not resemble", "resembles"),
#' value = c(20, 80)
#' )
#' ggplot(df, aes(x = "", y = value, fill = variable)) +
#' geom_col(width = 1) +
#' scale_fill_manual(values = c("red", "yellow")) +
#' coord_polar("y", start = pi / 3) +
#' labs(title = "Pac man")
#'
#' # Windrose + doughnut plot
#' if (require("ggplot2movies")) {
#' movies$rrating <- cut_interval(movies$rating, length = 1)
#' movies$budgetq <- cut_number(movies$budget, 4)
#'
#' doh <- ggplot(movies, aes(x = rrating, fill = budgetq))
#'
#' # Wind rose
#' doh + geom_bar(width = 1) + coord_polar()
#' # Race track plot
#' doh + geom_bar(width = 0.9, position = "fill") + coord_polar(theta = "y")
#' }
#' }
coord_polar <- function(theta = "x", start = 0, direction = 1) {
theta <- match.arg(theta, c("x", "y"))
r <- if (theta == "x") "y" else "x"
ggproto(NULL, CoordPolar,
theta = theta,
r = r,
start = start,
direction = sign(direction)
)
}
#' @rdname ggplot2-ggproto
#' @format NULL
#' @usage NULL
#' @export
CoordPolar <- ggproto("CoordPolar", Coord,
aspect = function(details) 1,
distance = function(self, x, y, details) {
if (self$theta == "x") {
r <- rescale(y, from = details$r.range)
theta <- theta_rescale_no_clip(self, x, details)
} else {
r <- rescale(x, from = details$r.range)
theta <- theta_rescale_no_clip(self, y, details)
}
dist_polar(r, theta)
},
range = function(self, panel_params) {
setNames(
list(panel_params$theta.range, panel_params$r.range),
c(self$theta, self$r)
)
},
setup_panel_params = function(self, scale_x, scale_y, params = list()) {
ret <- list(x = list(), y = list())
for (n in c("x", "y")) {
scale <- get(paste0("scale_", n))
limits <- self$limits[[n]]
if (is.null(limits)) {
if (self$theta == n) {
expand <- expand_default(scale, c(0, 0.5), c(0, 0))
} else {
expand <- expand_default(scale, c(0, 0), c(0, 0))
}
range <- scale$dimension(expand)
} else {
range <- range(scale_transform(scale, limits))
}
out <- scale$break_info(range)
ret[[n]]$range <- out$range
ret[[n]]$major <- out$major_source
ret[[n]]$minor <- out$minor_source
ret[[n]]$labels <- out$labels
ret[[n]]$sec.range <- out$sec.range
ret[[n]]$sec.major <- out$sec.major_source
ret[[n]]$sec.minor <- out$sec.minor_source
ret[[n]]$sec.labels <- out$sec.labels
}
details = list(
x.range = ret$x$range, y.range = ret$y$range,
x.major = ret$x$major, y.major = ret$y$major,
x.minor = ret$x$minor, y.minor = ret$y$minor,
x.labels = ret$x$labels, y.labels = ret$y$labels,
x.sec.range = ret$x$sec.range, y.sec.range = ret$y$sec.range,
x.sec.major = ret$x$sec.major, y.sec.major = ret$y$sec.major,
x.sec.minor = ret$x$sec.minor, y.sec.minor = ret$y$sec.minor,
x.sec.labels = ret$x$sec.labels, y.sec.labels = ret$y$sec.labels
)
if (self$theta == "y") {
names(details) <- gsub("x\\.", "r.", names(details))
names(details) <- gsub("y\\.", "theta.", names(details))
details$r.arrange <- scale_x$axis_order()
} else {
names(details) <- gsub("x\\.", "theta.", names(details))
names(details) <- gsub("y\\.", "r.", names(details))
details$r.arrange <- scale_y$axis_order()
}
details
},
transform = function(self, data, panel_params) {
data <- rename_data(self, data)
data$r <- r_rescale(self, data$r, panel_params)
data$theta <- theta_rescale(self, data$theta, panel_params)
data$x <- data$r * sin(data$theta) + 0.5
data$y <- data$r * cos(data$theta) + 0.5
data
},
render_axis_v = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
arrange <- panel_params$r.arrange %||% c("primary", "secondary")
x <- r_rescale(self, panel_params$r.major, panel_params) + 0.5
panel_params$r.major <- x
if (!is.null(panel_params$r.sec.major)) {
panel_params$r.sec.major <- x
}
list(
left = render_axis(panel_params, arrange[1], "r", "left", theme),
right = render_axis(panel_params, arrange[2], "r", "right", theme)
)
},
render_axis_h = function(panel_params, theme) {
list(
top = zeroGrob(),
bottom = guide_axis(NA, "", "bottom", theme)
)
},
render_bg = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
panel_params <- rename_data(self, panel_params)
theta <- if (length(panel_params$theta.major) > 0)
theta_rescale(self, panel_params$theta.major, panel_params)
thetamin <- if (length(panel_params$theta.minor) > 0)
theta_rescale(self, panel_params$theta.minor, panel_params)
thetafine <- seq(0, 2 * pi, length.out = 100)
rfine <- c(r_rescale(self, panel_params$r.major, panel_params), 0.45)
# This gets the proper theme element for theta and r grid lines:
# panel.grid.major.x or .y
majortheta <- paste("panel.grid.major.", self$theta, sep = "")
minortheta <- paste("panel.grid.minor.", self$theta, sep = "")
majorr <- paste("panel.grid.major.", self$r, sep = "")
ggname("grill", grobTree(
element_render(theme, "panel.background"),
if (length(theta) > 0) element_render(
theme, majortheta, name = "angle",
x = c(rbind(0, 0.45 * sin(theta))) + 0.5,
y = c(rbind(0, 0.45 * cos(theta))) + 0.5,
id.lengths = rep(2, length(theta)),
default.units = "native"
),
if (length(thetamin) > 0) element_render(
theme, minortheta, name = "angle",
x = c(rbind(0, 0.45 * sin(thetamin))) + 0.5,
y = c(rbind(0, 0.45 * cos(thetamin))) + 0.5,
id.lengths = rep(2, length(thetamin)),
default.units = "native"
),
element_render(
theme, majorr, name = "radius",
x = rep(rfine, each = length(thetafine)) * sin(thetafine) + 0.5,
y = rep(rfine, each = length(thetafine)) * cos(thetafine) + 0.5,
id.lengths = rep(length(thetafine), length(rfine)),
default.units = "native"
)
))
},
render_fg = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
if (is.null(panel_params$theta.major)) {
return(element_render(theme, "panel.border"))
}
theta <- theta_rescale(self, panel_params$theta.major, panel_params)
labels <- panel_params$theta.labels
# Combine the two ends of the scale if they are close
theta <- theta[!is.na(theta)]
ends_apart <- (theta[length(theta)] - theta[1]) %% (2 * pi)
if (length(theta) > 0 && ends_apart < 0.05) {
n <- length(labels)
if (is.expression(labels)) {
combined <- substitute(paste(a, "/", b),
list(a = labels[[1]], b = labels[[n]]))
} else {
combined <- paste(labels[1], labels[n], sep = "/")
}
labels[[n]] <- combined
labels <- labels[-1]
theta <- theta[-1]
}
grobTree(
if (length(labels) > 0) element_render(
theme, "axis.text.x",
labels, 0.45 * sin(theta) + 0.5, 0.45 * cos(theta) + 0.5,
hjust = 0.5, vjust = 0.5,
default.units = "native"
),
element_render(theme, "panel.border")
)
},
render_fg = function(self, panel_params, theme) {
if (is.null(panel_params$theta.major)) {
return(element_render(theme, "panel.border"))
}
theta <- theta_rescale(self, panel_params$theta.major, panel_params)
labels <- panel_params$theta.labels
# Combine the two ends of the scale if they are close
theta <- theta[!is.na(theta)]
ends_apart <- (theta[length(theta)] - theta[1]) %% (2*pi)
if (length(theta) > 0 && ends_apart < 0.05) {
n <- length(labels)
if (is.expression(labels)) {
combined <- substitute(paste(a, "/", b),
list(a = labels[[1]], b = labels[[n]]))
} else {
combined <- paste(labels[1], labels[n], sep = "/")
}
labels[[n]] <- combined
labels <- labels[-1]
theta <- theta[-1]
}
grobTree(
if (length(labels) > 0) element_render(
theme, "axis.text.x",
labels,
unit(0.45 * sin(theta) + 0.5, "native"),
unit(0.45 * cos(theta) + 0.5, "native"),
hjust = 0.5, vjust = 0.5
),
element_render(theme, "panel.border")
)
},
labels = function(self, panel_params) {
if (self$theta == "y") {
list(x = panel_params$y, y = panel_params$x)
} else {
panel_params
}
},
modify_scales = function(self, scales_x, scales_y) {
if (self$theta != "y")
return()
lapply(scales_x, scale_flip_position)
lapply(scales_y, scale_flip_position)
}
)
rename_data <- function(coord, data) {
if (coord$theta == "y") {
plyr::rename(data, c("y" = "theta", "x" = "r"), warn_missing = FALSE)
} else {
plyr::rename(data, c("y" = "r", "x" = "theta"), warn_missing = FALSE)
}
}
theta_rescale_no_clip <- function(coord, x, panel_params) {
rotate <- function(x) (x + coord$start) * coord$direction
rotate(rescale(x, c(0, 2 * pi), panel_params$theta.range))
}
theta_rescale <- function(coord, x, panel_params) {
rotate <- function(x) (x + coord$start) %% (2 * pi) * coord$direction
rotate(rescale(x, c(0, 2 * pi), panel_params$theta.range))
}
r_rescale <- function(coord, x, panel_params) {
rescale(x, c(0, 0.4), panel_params$r.range)
}