German

I've been trying to learn German via Duolingo for a bit.

Nouns/Gender

Bunch of nouns that have somehow still trip me up.

Articles are:

| Article | Der | Die | Das | | Gender | Masc. | Fem. | Neuter |

English	German	Gender
ATM	Geldautomat	masc.
Bakery	Bäckerei	fem.
Bear	Bär	Masc.
bread	brot	neut.
Cat	Katze	Fem.
check	Rechnung	fem
Cheese	käse	masc.
church	Kirche	fem.
city	Stadt	fem.
coffee	Kaffee	masc.
coffee shop	Café	neut.
Dog	Hund	Masc.
egg	ei	neut.
Elephant	Elefant	Masc.
food	Essen	neut.
Hotel	Hotel	neut.
job/occupation	Beruf	masc.
library	Bibliothek	fem.
menu	Speisekarte	fem.
Market	Markt	Masc.
milk	Milch	fem.
mineral water	Mineralwasser	neut.
Mouse	Maus	Fem.
Movie Theater	Kino	neut.
Museum	Museum	neut.
Owl	Eule	Fem.
Park	Park	Masc.
pharmacy	Apotheke	fem.
pizza	Pizza	fem.
restaurant	Restaurant	neut.
salad	Salat	masc.
salt	Salz	neut.
sandwich	Sandwich	neut.
sausage	Wurst	fem.
schnitzel	Schnitzel	neut.
Subway station	U-bahnstation	fem.
supermarket	Supermarkt	Masc.
taxi stand	Taxistand	Masc.
tea	Tee	masc.
Train Station	Bahnhof	Masc.
University	Universität	Fem.
water	Wasser	neut.
Work	Arbeit	Fem.

Countries/places

English	German
America	Amerika
Austria	Österreich
Canada	Kanada
France	Frankreich
Germany	Deutschland
Munich	München
Vienna	Wien

Jobs/Occupations

Jobs have different endings depending on if a man or woman holds it. Usually, the feminine version is the masculine version, with an "in" suffix. For example, Waiter is "Kellner", while waitress is "Kellnerin".

Grammar: Jobs are usually phrased as "They are $OCCUPATION". For example, "Sie ist Kellnerin". Which literally translates to "she is waiter".

English	Masc.	Fem.
Actor	Schauspieler	Schauspielerin
Chancellor	Kanzler	Kanzlerin
Doctor	Arzt	Ärztin
Teacher	Lehrer	Lehrerin
Professor	Professor	Professorin
Student	Student	Studentin
Waiter	Kellner	Kellnerin

Friend, despite not being a job, also follows this.

| Friend | Fruend | Fruendin |

Games

English	German	Gender
Chess	Schach	neut.
Piano	Klavier	neut.

Adjectives

English	German
beautiful	schön
cold (temperature)	kalt
delicious	lecker
elegant	elegant
exciting	aufregend
expensive	teuer
Hot (temperature)	heiß
Interesting	Interressant
Inexpensive	Billig
loud	laut
naturally / of course	natürlich
new	neu
nice	nett
old	alt
small	klein
smart	klug
stressful	stressig
tall (People), Big, large	groß
wonderful	wunderbar

Location

| far away | weit weg | "weit" = far, "weg" = away | | here | hier | | nearby | in der Nähe | "in the vicinity" | | left | links | Also "On the left" or "to the left" | | over there | da drüben | | right | rechts | Also "On the right" or "to the right" |

Conjunctions

| also | auch | | but | aber | | from | aus | | or | oder |

Verbs

Verbs conjugate differently if you're talking about yourself vs. someone else.

Second person drops the trailing vowel (if there), and appends "st". Third person also drops the trailing vowel (if exists), but it appends "t".

e.g. The second person form of "koche" is "kochst", and its third-person form is "kocht".

Grammar: When making a statement, put the subject first ("du schwimmst"). When making a question, put the verb first ("schwimmst du?"). When making a question, put modifiers after the subject ("schwimmst do oft?"). Modifiers still go before the object of the sentence ("du spielst gut Klavier").

| English | First-person | | cook | koche | | meet | trifft | | paint | male | | play | spielt | | swim | schwimme |

Verb Modifiers

Modifiers go after the verb.

| always | immer | | never | nie | | often | oft | | sometimes | manchmal |

Phrases

| Prost | Cheers | | Bis Bald | See you soon | | wie gehts | how are you | | auf Wiedersehen | goodbye | | bis später | see you later | | es geht | I'm all right / I'm well | | es tut mir leid | I'm sorry | | tschüss | bye | | entschuldigung | excuse me |

| wie ist es in | what is it like in | | woher kommst du | where do you come from? |

Grammar Notes

Nouns are Capitalized in German

Questions are usually formed as "verb subject". Statements are usually formed as "subject verb". E.g. "kommst du" ("do you come...") vs. "du kommst" ("you come...")