市场上常见的 Android 换肤,主要有两种:
- 简单的 白天/黑夜 主题切换
- 多种主题切换,例如 QQ、网易云等
简单来说,Android 换肤就是对应用内的文字、 颜色、 图片、字体等的资源的更换。
换肤实现主要有两种方式:
- 静态换肤:在 APP内部放置多套相同的资源,进行资源的切换,最简单的例子就是 白天/黑夜主题切换。
- 动态换肤:运行时动态的加载皮肤包,皮肤包通常为网络下载的资源。
这里以实现白天和黑夜模式之间的切换为例子。
//1.colors.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<color name="colorPrimary">#FD7828</color>
<color name="colorPrimaryDark">#90f85421</color>
<color name="colorAccent">#F02421</color>
<color name="cl_text">#FF1800</color>
<color name="cl_bg">#FB987A</color>
</resources>
//2.新建 values-night/colors.xml 如需其他资源替换,例如图片,新建 drawable-night
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<color name="colorPrimary">#AAAAAA</color>
<color name="colorPrimaryDark">#D2D2D2</color>
<color name="colorAccent">#F1F2F4</color>
<color name="cl_text">#197AFF</color>
<color name="cl_bg">#53B65B</color>
</resources>
//3.styles 修改主题,parent="Theme.AppCompat.DayNight
<resources>
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.DayNight">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
<item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
<item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
</style>
</resources>
//4.App
class App : Application() {
private var config: SharedPreferences? = null
private var edit: Editor? = null
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
config = getSharedPreferences("config", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
edit = config?.edit()
val isNight: Boolean = config?.getBoolean("isNight", false) ?: false
if (isNight) {
AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES)
} else {
AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO)
}
}
}
//5.activity_activity.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/cl_bg"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_switch"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="切换"
android:textColor="@color/cl_text"
android:textSize="20sp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
//6.MainActivity
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
val tvSwitch = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tv_switch)
tvSwitch.setOnClickListener {
val sp = getSharedPreferences("config", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
val isNight = sp.getBoolean("isNight", false)
if (isNight) {
//夜间 切换 日间
AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO)
sp.edit().putBoolean("isNight", false).apply()
} else {
//日间 切换 夜间
AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES)
sp.edit().putBoolean("isNight", true).apply()
}
}
}
}
运行时动态的加载皮肤包,皮肤包通常为网络下载的资源,核心技术要点:
- 加载皮肤包(网络下载)
- 拦截系统创建 View 的流程(hook)
- 获取需要替换资源的控件(自定义view属性,判断是否支持换肤)
- 加载替换资源
//Activity
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
//AppCompatActivity#setContentView
@Override
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
//getDelegate() 获取委托类 -> AppCompatDelegateImpl
getDelegate().setContentView(layoutResID);
}
//最终调用 AppCompatDelegateImpl#setContentView
@Override
public void setContentView(int resId) {
ensureSubDecor();
ViewGroup contentParent = mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
contentParent.removeAllViews();
//解析布局
LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
mAppCompatWindowCallback.getWrapped().onContentChanged();
}
//LayoutInflater#inflate
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ...) {
...
//根据 xml 标签头创建 View -> 例如 <TextView> -> TextView
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
...
}
//LayoutInflater#createViewFromTag
//调用createViewByPrefix方法,判断是否是系统类,如果不是系统类,通过反射的方式来实现
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
if (name.equals("view")) {
name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
}
//ignoreThemeAttr:是否忽略theme属性
if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
if (themeResId != 0) {
context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
}
ta.recycle();
}
try {
//创建 View
View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = onCreateView(context, parent, name, attrs);
} else {
view = createView(context, name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}
return view;
}
...
}
//LayoutInflater#tryCreateView
public final View tryCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
@NonNull Context context,
@NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
// Let's party like it's 1995!
return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
}
View view;
if (mFactory2 != null) {
//通过 mFactory2 创建 View -> Hook 点 实现由 AppCompatViewInflater#createView
view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
} else if (mFactory != null) {
view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
} else {
view = null;
}
if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
return view;
}
//Factory2 是一个接口
public interface Factory2 extends Factory {
@Nullable
View onCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
@NonNull Context context, @NonNull AttributeSet attrs);
}
//AppCompatViewInflater#createView
final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
@NonNull AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext,
boolean readAndroidTheme, boolean readAppTheme, boolean wrapContext) {
switch (name) {
case "TextView":
view = createTextView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
...
}
return view;
}
通过上面的代码我们知道最终通过 mFactory2.onCreateView 创建 View。
那么如何获取资源,其实就是通过 AssetManager 和 Resource 这两个类。
class SkinFactory : LayoutInflater.Factory2 {
//我们并不需要代理所有的创建过程 所以很多事情都可以交给原先的Delegate类实现
lateinit var delegate: AppCompatDelegate
//收集需要换肤的View
var skinList = arrayListOf<SkinView>()
override fun onCreateView(
parent: View?,
name: String,
context: Context,
attrs: AttributeSet
): View? {
//因为我们并不需要实现所有流程 所以createView可以交给原先的代理类完成
var view = delegate.createView(parent, name, context, attrs)
if (view == null) {
mConstructorArgs[0] = context
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
view = createViewByPrefix(context, name, sClassPrefixList, attrs)
} else {
view = createViewByPrefix(context, name, null, attrs)
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
//收集需要换肤的View
collectSkinView(context, attrs, view)
return view
}
private fun collectSkinView(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet, view: View?) {
//这边判断了是否使用isSupport自定义属性 但是并没有对自定义View做很好的兼容
//对于自定义View 我们可以采用换肤接口来实现 具体实现可以大家自己尝试一下
val obtainStyledAttributes = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.Skinable)
val isSupport = obtainStyledAttributes.getBoolean(R.styleable.Skinable_isSupport, false)
if (isSupport) {
val skinView = SkinView()
//找到支持换肤的view
val len = attrs.attributeCount
val attrMap = hashMapOf<String, String>()
for (i in 0 until len) { //遍历所有属性
val attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i)
val attrValue = attrs.getAttributeValue(i)
attrMap[attrName] = attrValue //缓存
}
if (view != null) {
skinView.view = view
}
skinView.attrsMap = attrMap
skinList.add(skinView)
}
}
fun changeSkins() {
//遍历换肤类 实现换肤
for (skin in skinList) {
skin.changeSkin()
}
}
override fun onCreateView(name: String, context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet): View? {
return null
}
class SkinView {
lateinit var view: View
lateinit var attrsMap: HashMap<String, String>
fun changeSkin() {
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(attrsMap["background"])) { //属性名,例如,这个background,text,textColor....
val bgId = attrsMap["background"]!!.substring(1).toInt() //属性值,R.id.XXX ,int类型,
// 这个值,在app的一次运行中,不会发生变化
val attrType = view.resources.getResourceTypeName(bgId) // 属性类别:比如 drawable ,color
if (TextUtils.equals(attrType, "drawable")) { //区分drawable和color
view.setBackgroundDrawable(SkinEngine.getDrawable(bgId)) //加载外部资源管理器,拿到外部资源的drawable
} else if (TextUtils.equals(attrType, "color")) {
view.setBackgroundColor(SkinEngine.getColor(bgId))
}
}
if (view is TextView) {
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(attrsMap["textColor"])) {
val textColorId = attrsMap["textColor"]!!.substring(1).toInt()
(view as TextView).setTextColor(SkinEngine.getColor(textColorId))
}
}
//那么如果是自定义组件呢
if (view is ZeroView) { //那么这样一个对象,要换肤,就要写针对性的方法了,每一个控件需要用什么样的方式去换,尤其是那种,自定义的属性,怎么去set,
// 这就对开发人员要求比较高了,而且这个换肤接口还要暴露给 自定义View的开发人员,他们去定义
// ....
}
}
}
val mConstructorSignature = arrayOf(Context::class.java, AttributeSet::class.java) //
val mConstructorArgs = arrayOfNulls<Any>(2)
private val sConstructorMap = HashMap<String, Constructor<out View?>>()
private val sClassPrefixList = arrayOf(
"android.widget.",
"android.view.",
"android.webkit."
)
private fun createViewByPrefix(
context: Context,
name: String,
prefixs: Array<String>?,
attrs: AttributeSet
): View? {
var constructor: Constructor<out View?>? = sConstructorMap.get(name)
var clazz: Class<out View?>? = null
if (constructor == null) {
try {
if (prefixs != null && prefixs.size > 0) {
for (prefix in prefixs) {
clazz = context.classLoader.loadClass(
if (prefix != null) prefix + name else name
).asSubclass(View::class.java) //控件
if (clazz != null) break
}
} else {
if (clazz == null) {
clazz = context.classLoader.loadClass(name)
.asSubclass(View::class.java)
}
}
if (clazz == null) {
return null
}
constructor = clazz.getConstructor(*mConstructorSignature)
} catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
return null
}
constructor.isAccessible = true
sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor)
}
val args = mConstructorArgs
args[1] = attrs
try { //通过反射创建View对象
return constructor.newInstance(*args)
} catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
return null
}
}
object SkinEngine {
lateinit var mContext: Context
//外部皮肤包包名
private var mOutPkgName: String? = null
//自定义Resource
private var mOutResource: Resources? = null
fun init(context: Context) {
this.mContext = context
}
fun load(path: String) {
val file = File(path)
if (!file.exists()) {
return
}
try {
val pm = mContext.packageManager
val packageInfo = pm.getPackageArchiveInfo(path, PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES)
mOutPkgName = packageInfo.packageName
//通过反射获取AssetManager类
val assetManager: AssetManager = AssetManager::class.java.newInstance()
//反射调用addAssetPath方法 将皮肤Apk资源加入到AssetManger中
val method = assetManager::class.java.getMethod("addAssetPath", String::class.java)
method.invoke(assetManager, path)
mOutResource = Resources(
assetManager,
mContext.resources.displayMetrics,
mContext.resources.configuration
)
} catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
fun getDrawable(resId: Int): Drawable? {
if (mOutResource == null) {
return ContextCompat.getDrawable(mContext, resId)
}
//通过id找到type和name 然后再找到资源
val resName = mOutResource!!.getResourceEntryName(resId)
val outResId = mOutResource!!.getIdentifier(resName, "drawable", mOutPkgName)
return if (outResId == 0) {
ContextCompat.getDrawable(mContext, resId)
} else mOutResource!!.getDrawable(outResId)
}
fun getColor(resId: Int): Int {
if (mOutResource == null) {
return resId
}
val resName = mOutResource!!.getResourceEntryName(resId)
val outResId = mOutResource!!.getIdentifier(resName, "color", mOutPkgName)
return if (outResId == 0) {
resId
} else mOutResource!!.getColor(outResId)
}
}
open class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
var ifAllowChangeSkin = true
lateinit var skinFactory: SkinFactory
var currentSkin: String? = null
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
if (ifAllowChangeSkin) {
skinFactory = SkinFactory()
skinFactory.delegate = delegate
val layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this)
if (layoutInflater.factory == null) {
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory2(layoutInflater, skinFactory)
}
}
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
}
override fun onResume() {
super.onResume()
if (null != currentSkin) {
changeSkin(currentSkin!!)
}
}
fun changeSkin(path: String) {
if (ifAllowChangeSkin) {
var file = File(getExternalFilesDir(""), path)
SkinEngine.load(file.absolutePath)
skinFactory.changeSkins()
currentSkin = path
}
}
}
- 通过网络加载皮肤包 .skin 、.apk 等
- 拦截系统创建 View 的流程(hook),hook Factory2
- 获取需要替换资源的控件(自定义view属性,判断是否支持换肤)
- 让 App 具有加载外部资源的功能,使用 Resource 和 AssetManager
上面只是一个粗显的方案,成熟的换肤方案,可以使用第三方,例如这个库Android-skin-support ,这些换肤方案实现思想都是大同小异。
Android-skin-support 核心思想:
- 监听 APP 所有 Activity 的生命周期(registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks())
- 在每个 Activity 的 onCreate() 方法调用时 setFactory(),设置创建 View 的工厂,将创建 View 交给SkinCompatViewInflater去处理。
- 库中重写了系统的控件(比如 View 对应于库中的 SkinCompatView),实现换肤接口(接口里面只有一个applySkin()方法),表示该控件是支持换肤的,并且将这些控件在创建之后收集起来,方便随时换肤。
- 在库中自己写的控件里面去解析出一些特殊的属性(比如background, textColor),并将其保存起来。
- 在切换皮肤的时候,遍历一次之前缓存的 View,调用其实现的接口方法 applySkin(),在 applySkin() 中从皮肤资源(可以是从网络或者本地获取皮肤包)中获取资源,获取资源后设置其控件的 background 或 textColor等,就可实现换肤.