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换肤方案.md

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1 简介

市场上常见的 Android 换肤,主要有两种:

  • 简单的 白天/黑夜 主题切换
  • 多种主题切换,例如 QQ、网易云等

简单来说,Android 换肤就是对应用内的文字、 颜色、 图片、字体等的资源的更换。

2 换肤实现

换肤实现主要有两种方式:

  • 静态换肤:在 APP内部放置多套相同的资源,进行资源的切换,最简单的例子就是 白天/黑夜主题切换。
  • 动态换肤:运行时动态的加载皮肤包,皮肤包通常为网络下载的资源。

3 静态换肤

这里以实现白天和黑夜模式之间的切换为例子。

//1.colors.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="colorPrimary">#FD7828</color>
    <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#90f85421</color>
    <color name="colorAccent">#F02421</color>
    <color name="cl_text">#FF1800</color>
    <color name="cl_bg">#FB987A</color>
</resources>

//2.新建 values-night/colors.xml 如需其他资源替换,例如图片,新建 drawable-night
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="colorPrimary">#AAAAAA</color>
    <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#D2D2D2</color>
    <color name="colorAccent">#F1F2F4</color>
    <color name="cl_text">#197AFF</color>
    <color name="cl_bg">#53B65B</color>
</resources>    
 
//3.styles 修改主题,parent="Theme.AppCompat.DayNight    
<resources>
    <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.DayNight">
        <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
        <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
        <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
    </style>
</resources>
    
//4.App
class App : Application() {
    private var config: SharedPreferences? = null
    private var edit: Editor? = null
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        config = getSharedPreferences("config", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
        edit = config?.edit()
        val isNight: Boolean = config?.getBoolean("isNight", false) ?: false
        if (isNight) {
            AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES)
        } else {
            AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO)
        }
    }
}

//5.activity_activity.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/cl_bg"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_switch"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="切换"
        android:textColor="@color/cl_text"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
            
//6.MainActivity
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        val tvSwitch = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.tv_switch)
        tvSwitch.setOnClickListener {
            val sp = getSharedPreferences("config", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
            val isNight = sp.getBoolean("isNight", false)
            if (isNight) {
                //夜间 切换 日间
                AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_NO)
                sp.edit().putBoolean("isNight", false).apply()
            } else {
               //日间 切换 夜间
                AppCompatDelegate.setDefaultNightMode(AppCompatDelegate.MODE_NIGHT_YES)
                sp.edit().putBoolean("isNight", true).apply()
            }
        }
    }
}            

4 动态换肤

运行时动态的加载皮肤包,皮肤包通常为网络下载的资源,核心技术要点:

  • 加载皮肤包(网络下载)
  • 拦截系统创建 View 的流程(hook)
  • 获取需要替换资源的控件(自定义view属性,判断是否支持换肤)
  • 加载替换资源

4.1 加载布局

//Activity
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

//AppCompatActivity#setContentView    
@Override
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
    //getDelegate() 获取委托类 -> AppCompatDelegateImpl
    getDelegate().setContentView(layoutResID);
}    
    
//最终调用 AppCompatDelegateImpl#setContentView
@Override
public void setContentView(int resId) {
     ensureSubDecor();
     ViewGroup contentParent = mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
     contentParent.removeAllViews();
     //解析布局
     LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
     mAppCompatWindowCallback.getWrapped().onContentChanged();
}

//LayoutInflater#inflate
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ...) {
    ...
    //根据 xml 标签头创建 View  -> 例如 <TextView> -> TextView
    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs); 
    ...
}


//LayoutInflater#createViewFromTag
//调用createViewByPrefix方法,判断是否是系统类,如果不是系统类,通过反射的方式来实现
 View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        //ignoreThemeAttr:是否忽略theme属性
        if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
            final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
            final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
            if (themeResId != 0) {
                context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
            }
            ta.recycle();
        }

        try {
            //创建 View
            View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(context, parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(context, name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        }
        ...
    }

//LayoutInflater#tryCreateView
 public final View tryCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
        @NonNull Context context,
        @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
        }

        View view;
        if (mFactory2 != null) {
            //通过 mFactory2 创建 View -> Hook 点 实现由 AppCompatViewInflater#createView
            view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        } else if (mFactory != null) {
            view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
        } else {
            view = null;
        }

        if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
            view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        }

        return view;
    }

//Factory2 是一个接口
public interface Factory2 extends Factory {       
      @Nullable
      View onCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
              @NonNull Context context, @NonNull AttributeSet attrs);
}

//AppCompatViewInflater#createView
final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
            @NonNull AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext,
            boolean readAndroidTheme, boolean readAppTheme, boolean wrapContext) {
        
        switch (name) {
            case "TextView":
                view = createTextView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
        ...
        }
    return view;
}                

通过上面的代码我们知道最终通过 mFactory2.onCreateView 创建 View。

那么如何获取资源,其实就是通过 AssetManager 和 Resource 这两个类。

5 具体实现

1 Factory2
class SkinFactory : LayoutInflater.Factory2 {

    //我们并不需要代理所有的创建过程 所以很多事情都可以交给原先的Delegate类实现
    lateinit var delegate: AppCompatDelegate

    //收集需要换肤的View
    var skinList = arrayListOf<SkinView>()


    override fun onCreateView(
        parent: View?,
        name: String,
        context: Context,
        attrs: AttributeSet
    ): View? {
        //因为我们并不需要实现所有流程 所以createView可以交给原先的代理类完成
        var view = delegate.createView(parent, name, context, attrs)
        if (view == null) {            
            mConstructorArgs[0] = context
            try {
                if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) { 
                    view = createViewByPrefix(context, name, sClassPrefixList, attrs)
                } else { 
                    view = createViewByPrefix(context, name, null, attrs)
                }
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                e.printStackTrace()
            }
        }
        //收集需要换肤的View
        collectSkinView(context, attrs, view)
        return view
    }

    private fun collectSkinView(context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet, view: View?) {
        //这边判断了是否使用isSupport自定义属性 但是并没有对自定义View做很好的兼容 
        //对于自定义View  我们可以采用换肤接口来实现 具体实现可以大家自己尝试一下
        val obtainStyledAttributes = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.Skinable)
        val isSupport = obtainStyledAttributes.getBoolean(R.styleable.Skinable_isSupport, false)
        if (isSupport) {
            val skinView = SkinView()
            //找到支持换肤的view
            val len = attrs.attributeCount
            val attrMap = hashMapOf<String, String>()
            for (i in 0 until len) { //遍历所有属性
                val attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i)
                val attrValue = attrs.getAttributeValue(i)
                attrMap[attrName] = attrValue //缓存
            }

            if (view != null) {
                skinView.view = view
            }
            skinView.attrsMap = attrMap
            skinList.add(skinView)
        }
    }
    
    
    fun changeSkins() {
        //遍历换肤类 实现换肤
        for (skin in skinList) {
            skin.changeSkin()
        }
    }

    override fun onCreateView(name: String, context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet): View? {
        return null
    }

    class SkinView {
        lateinit var view: View
        lateinit var attrsMap: HashMap<String, String>

        fun changeSkin() {
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(attrsMap["background"])) { //属性名,例如,这个background,text,textColor....
                val bgId = attrsMap["background"]!!.substring(1).toInt() //属性值,R.id.XXX ,int类型,
                // 这个值,在app的一次运行中,不会发生变化
                val attrType = view.resources.getResourceTypeName(bgId) // 属性类别:比如 drawable ,color
                if (TextUtils.equals(attrType, "drawable")) { //区分drawable和color
                    view.setBackgroundDrawable(SkinEngine.getDrawable(bgId)) //加载外部资源管理器,拿到外部资源的drawable
                } else if (TextUtils.equals(attrType, "color")) {
                    view.setBackgroundColor(SkinEngine.getColor(bgId))
                }
            }

            if (view is TextView) {
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(attrsMap["textColor"])) {
                    val textColorId = attrsMap["textColor"]!!.substring(1).toInt()
                    (view as TextView).setTextColor(SkinEngine.getColor(textColorId))
                }
            }

            //那么如果是自定义组件呢
            if (view is ZeroView) { //那么这样一个对象,要换肤,就要写针对性的方法了,每一个控件需要用什么样的方式去换,尤其是那种,自定义的属性,怎么去set,
                // 这就对开发人员要求比较高了,而且这个换肤接口还要暴露给 自定义View的开发人员,他们去定义
                // ....
            }
        }
    }


    val mConstructorSignature = arrayOf(Context::class.java, AttributeSet::class.java) //
    val mConstructorArgs = arrayOfNulls<Any>(2) 
    private val sConstructorMap = HashMap<String, Constructor<out View?>>() 
    private val sClassPrefixList = arrayOf(
        "android.widget.",
        "android.view.",
        "android.webkit."
    )

    private fun createViewByPrefix(
        context: Context,
        name: String,
        prefixs: Array<String>?,
        attrs: AttributeSet
    ): View? {
        var constructor: Constructor<out View?>? = sConstructorMap.get(name)
        var clazz: Class<out View?>? = null
        if (constructor == null) {
            try {
                if (prefixs != null && prefixs.size > 0) {
                    for (prefix in prefixs) {
                        clazz = context.classLoader.loadClass(
                            if (prefix != null) prefix + name else name
                        ).asSubclass(View::class.java) //控件
                        if (clazz != null) break
                    }
                } else {
                    if (clazz == null) {
                        clazz = context.classLoader.loadClass(name)
                            .asSubclass(View::class.java)
                    }
                }
                if (clazz == null) {
                    return null
                }
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(*mConstructorSignature)
            } catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
                e.printStackTrace()
                return null
            }
            constructor.isAccessible = true 
            sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor)
        }
        val args = mConstructorArgs
        args[1] = attrs
        try { //通过反射创建View对象
            return constructor.newInstance(*args)
        } catch (e: java.lang.Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
        return null
    }

}
2 自定义 Resource 类,加载类
object SkinEngine {

    lateinit var mContext: Context
    //外部皮肤包包名
    private var mOutPkgName: String? = null
    //自定义Resource
    private var mOutResource: Resources? = null

    fun init(context: Context) {
        this.mContext = context
    }

    fun load(path: String) {
        val file = File(path)
        if (!file.exists()) {
            return
        }
        try {
            val pm = mContext.packageManager
            val packageInfo = pm.getPackageArchiveInfo(path, PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES)
            mOutPkgName = packageInfo.packageName
            //通过反射获取AssetManager类
            val assetManager: AssetManager = AssetManager::class.java.newInstance()
            //反射调用addAssetPath方法 将皮肤Apk资源加入到AssetManger中
            val method = assetManager::class.java.getMethod("addAssetPath", String::class.java)
            method.invoke(assetManager, path)
            mOutResource = Resources(
                assetManager,
                mContext.resources.displayMetrics,
                mContext.resources.configuration
            )
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }

    }

    fun getDrawable(resId: Int): Drawable? {
        if (mOutResource == null) {
            return ContextCompat.getDrawable(mContext, resId)
        }
        //通过id找到type和name 然后再找到资源
        val resName = mOutResource!!.getResourceEntryName(resId)
        val outResId = mOutResource!!.getIdentifier(resName, "drawable", mOutPkgName)
        return if (outResId == 0) {
            ContextCompat.getDrawable(mContext, resId)
        } else mOutResource!!.getDrawable(outResId)
    }

    fun getColor(resId: Int): Int {
        if (mOutResource == null) {
            return resId
        }
        val resName = mOutResource!!.getResourceEntryName(resId)
        val outResId = mOutResource!!.getIdentifier(resName, "color", mOutPkgName)
        return if (outResId == 0) {
            resId
        } else mOutResource!!.getColor(outResId)
    }
}
3 Hook AppCompatActivity
open class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    var ifAllowChangeSkin = true
    lateinit var skinFactory: SkinFactory
    var currentSkin: String? = null
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {      
        if (ifAllowChangeSkin) {
            skinFactory = SkinFactory()
            skinFactory.delegate = delegate
            val layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this)
            if (layoutInflater.factory == null) {
                LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory2(layoutInflater, skinFactory)
            }
        }
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    }

    override fun onResume() {
        super.onResume()
        if (null != currentSkin) {
            changeSkin(currentSkin!!) 
        }
    }

    fun changeSkin(path: String) {
        if (ifAllowChangeSkin) {
            var file = File(getExternalFilesDir(""), path)
            SkinEngine.load(file.absolutePath)
            skinFactory.changeSkins()
            currentSkin = path
        }
    }
}

6 总结

  • 通过网络加载皮肤包 .skin 、.apk 等
  • 拦截系统创建 View 的流程(hook),hook Factory2
  • 获取需要替换资源的控件(自定义view属性,判断是否支持换肤)
  • 让 App 具有加载外部资源的功能,使用 Resource 和 AssetManager

7 其他

上面只是一个粗显的方案,成熟的换肤方案,可以使用第三方,例如这个库Android-skin-support ,这些换肤方案实现思想都是大同小异。

Android-skin-support 核心思想:

  1. 监听 APP 所有 Activity 的生命周期(registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks())
  2. 在每个 Activity 的 onCreate() 方法调用时 setFactory(),设置创建 View 的工厂,将创建 View 交给SkinCompatViewInflater去处理。
  3. 库中重写了系统的控件(比如 View 对应于库中的 SkinCompatView),实现换肤接口(接口里面只有一个applySkin()方法),表示该控件是支持换肤的,并且将这些控件在创建之后收集起来,方便随时换肤。
  4. 在库中自己写的控件里面去解析出一些特殊的属性(比如background, textColor),并将其保存起来。
  5. 在切换皮肤的时候,遍历一次之前缓存的 View,调用其实现的接口方法 applySkin(),在 applySkin() 中从皮肤资源(可以是从网络或者本地获取皮肤包)中获取资源,获取资源后设置其控件的 background 或 textColor等,就可实现换肤.