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aREST.h
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/*
aREST Library for Arduino
See the README file for more details.
Written in 2014 by Marco Schwartz.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Version 2.7.1
Changelog:
Version 2.7.1: Additional fixes & optimisations by @eykamp
Version 2.7.0: Several fixes & optimisations by @eykamp
Version 2.6.0: Added support for new aREST cloud app
Version 2.5.0: Added support for the ESP32 WiFi chip (local & cloud)
Version 2.4.2: Added publish() support for MKR1000
Version 2.4.1: Additional fixes for Pro plans
Version 2.4.0: Added support for aREST Pro & several fixes
Version 2.3.1: Fixed pin mapping for NodeMCU/Wemos boards
Version 2.3.0: Implement required changes for the cloud server upgrade
Version 2.2.1: Added compatibility with the WINC1500 chip
Version 2.2.0: Added compatibility with the Arduino MKR1000 board
Version 2.1.2: Added data about hardware type in JSON answer
Version 2.1.1: Fixed analogWrite() for ESP8266 chips
Version 2.1.0: Added publish() function
Version 2.0.2: Able to change MQTT remote server
Version 2.0.2: Added cloud access support for the Ethernet library
Version 2.0.1: Added beta support for cloud access via cloud.arest.io
Version 2.0.0: Added beta support for MQTT communications
Version 1.9.10: Added support for floats & Strings for Uno (without the CC3000 chip)
Version 1.9.8: Added support for ESP8266 chip
Version 1.9.7: Added support for Arduino 1.6.2
Version 1.9.6: Added support for float variables for Arduino Mega
Version 1.9.5: Added compatibility with Arduino IDE 1.5.8
Version 1.9.4: Bug fixes & added support for configuring analog pints as digital outputs
Version 1.9.3: Added description of available variables for the /id and / routes
Version 1.9.2: Added compatibility with the Arduino WiFi library
Version 1.9.1: Added compatibility with CORS
Version 1.9: New speedup of the library (answers 2x faster in HTTP compared to version 1.8)
Version 1.8: Speedup of the library (answers 2.5x faster with the CC3000 WiFi chip)
Version 1.7.5: Reduced memory footprint of the library
Version 1.7.4: Added a function to read all analog & digital inputs at once
Version 1.7.3: Added LIGHTWEIGHT mode to only send limited data back
Version 1.7.2: Added possibility to assign a status pin connected to a LED
Version 1.7.1: Added possibility to change number of exposed variables & functions
Version 1.7: Added compatibility with the Arduino Due & Teensy 3.x
Version 1.6: Added compatibility with the Arduino Yun
Version 1.5: Size reduction, and added compatibility with Adafruit BLE
Version 1.4: Added authentification with API key
Version 1.3: Added support for the Ethernet shield
Version 1.2: Added support of Serial communications
Version 1.1: Added variables & functions support
Version 1.0: First working version of the library
*/
#ifndef aRest_h
#define aRest_h
// Include Arduino header
#include "Arduino.h"
// MQTT packet size
#undef MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE
#define MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE 512
// Using ESP8266 ?
#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
#include "stdlib_noniso.h"
#endif
// Which board?
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__) || defined(CORE_WILDFIRE) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
#define NUMBER_ANALOG_PINS 16
#define NUMBER_DIGITAL_PINS 54
#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 2000
#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega328P__) && !defined(ADAFRUIT_CC3000_H)
#define NUMBER_ANALOG_PINS 6
#define NUMBER_DIGITAL_PINS 14
#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 350
#elif defined(ADAFRUIT_CC3000_H)
#define NUMBER_ANALOG_PINS 6
#define NUMBER_DIGITAL_PINS 14
#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 275
#else
#define NUMBER_ANALOG_PINS 6
#define NUMBER_DIGITAL_PINS 14
#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE 350
#endif
// Hardware data
#if defined(ESP8266)
#define HARDWARE "esp8266"
#elif defined(ESP32)
#define HARDWARE "esp32"
#else
#define HARDWARE "arduino"
#endif
// Size of name & ID
#define NAME_SIZE 20
#define ID_SIZE 10
// Subscriptions
#define NUMBER_SUBSCRIPTIONS 4
// Debug mode
#ifndef DEBUG_MODE
#define DEBUG_MODE 0
#endif
// Use AREST_PARAMS_MODE to control how parameters are parsed when using the function() method.
// Use 0 for standard operation, where everything before the first "=" is stripped before passing the parameter string to the function.
// Useful for simple functions, where only the value is important
// function?params=hello ==> hello gets passed to the function
//
// Use 1 to pass the entire parameter string to the function, which will be responsible for parsing the parameter string
// Useful for more complex situations, where the key name as well as its value is important, or there are mutliple key-value pairs
// function?params=hello ==> params=hello gets passed to the function
#ifndef AREST_PARAMS_MODE
#define AREST_PARAMS_MODE 0
#endif
// Use light answer mode
#ifndef LIGHTWEIGHT
#define LIGHTWEIGHT 0
#endif
#ifdef AREST_NUMBER_VARIABLES
#define NUMBER_VARIABLES AREST_NUMBER_VARIABLES
#endif
#ifdef AREST_NUMBER_FUNCTIONS
#define NUMBER_FUNCTIONS AREST_NUMBER_FUNCTIONS
#endif
// Default number of max. exposed variables
#ifndef NUMBER_VARIABLES
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__) || defined(CORE_WILDFIRE) || defined(ESP8266)|| defined(ESP32) || !defined(ADAFRUIT_CC3000_H)
#define NUMBER_VARIABLES 10
#else
#define NUMBER_VARIABLES 5
#endif
#endif
// Default number of max. exposed functions
#ifndef NUMBER_FUNCTIONS
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(ESP32) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__) || defined(CORE_WILDFIRE) || defined(ESP8266)
#define NUMBER_FUNCTIONS 10
#else
#define NUMBER_FUNCTIONS 5
#endif
#endif
#ifdef AREST_BUFFER_SIZE
#define OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE AREST_BUFFER_SIZE
#endif
class aREST {
private:
struct Variable {
virtual void addToBuffer(aREST *arest) const = 0;
};
template<typename T>
struct TypedVariable: Variable {
T *var;
bool quotable;
TypedVariable(T *v, bool q) : var{v} { quotable = q; }
void addToBuffer(aREST *arest) const override {
arest->addToBuffer(*var, quotable);
}
};
public:
public:
aREST() {
initialize();
}
aREST(char* rest_remote_server, int rest_port) {
command = 'u';
pin_selected = false;
status_led_pin = 255;
state = 'u';
remote_server = rest_remote_server;
port = rest_port;
}
template<typename T>
void variable(const char *name, T *var, bool quotable) {
variables[variables_index] = new TypedVariable<T>(var, quotable);
variable_names[variables_index] = name;
variables_index++;
}
template<typename T>
void variable(const char *name, T *var) {
variable(name, var, true);
}
private:
void initialize() {
reset();
status_led_pin = 255;
}
// Used when resetting object back to oringial state
void reset() {
command = 'u';
state = 'u';
pin_selected = false;
}
public:
#if defined(PubSubClient_h)
// With default server
aREST(PubSubClient& client) {
initialize();
private_mqtt_server = false;
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
}
// With another server
aREST(PubSubClient& client, char* new_mqtt_server) {
initialize();
private_mqtt_server = true;
setMQTTServer(new_mqtt_server);
client.setServer(new_mqtt_server, 1883);
}
// Get topic
char* get_topic() {
return out_topic;
}
// Subscribe to events
void subscribe(const String& device, const String& eventName) {
// Build topic
String topic = device + "_" + eventName + "_in";
// Subscribe
char charBuf[50];
topic.toCharArray(charBuf, 50);
subscriptions_names[subscriptions_index] = charBuf;
subscriptions_index++;
}
// Publish to cloud
template <typename T>
void publish(PubSubClient& client, const String& eventName, T data) {
// Get event data
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Publishing event " + eventName + " with data: ");
Serial.println(data);
}
// Build message
String message = "{\"client_id\": \"" + id + "\", \"event_name\": \"" + eventName + "\", \"data\": \"" + String(data) + "\"}";
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Sending message via MQTT: ");
Serial.println(message);
}
// Convert
char charBuf[100];
message.toCharArray(charBuf, 100);
// Publish
client.publish(publish_topic, charBuf);
}
void setKey(char* proKey, PubSubClient& client) {
// Assign MQTT server
// mqtt_server = "104.131.78.157";
// client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
// Generate MQTT random ID
id = gen_random(6);
// Build topics IDs
String inTopic = id + String(proKey) + String("_in");
String outTopic = id + String(proKey) + String("_out");
strcpy(in_topic, inTopic.c_str());
strcpy(out_topic, outTopic.c_str());
// Build client ID
String client_id = id + String(proKey);
}
#endif
// Set status LED
void set_status_led(uint8_t pin){
// Set variables
status_led_pin = pin;
// Set pin as output
pinMode(status_led_pin, OUTPUT);
}
#if !defined(ESP32)
// Glow status LED
void glow_led() {
if(status_led_pin != 255){
unsigned long i = millis();
int j = i % 4096;
if (j > 2048) { j = 4096 - j;}
analogWrite(status_led_pin,j/8);
}
}
#endif
void addToBufferF(const __FlashStringHelper *toAdd){
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
#if defined(ESP8266)|| defined (ESP32)
Serial.print("Memory loss:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
#endif
Serial.print(F("Added to buffer as progmem: "));
Serial.println(toAdd);
}
uint8_t idx = 0;
PGM_P p = reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(toAdd);
for ( unsigned char c = pgm_read_byte(p++);
c != 0 && index < OUTPUT_BUFFER_SIZE;
c = pgm_read_byte(p++), index++) {
buffer[index] = c;
}
}
// Send HTTP headers for Ethernet & WiFi
void send_http_headers(){
addToBufferF(F("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Origin: *\r\nAccess-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, PUT, OPTIONS\r\nContent-Type: application/json\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"));
}
// Reset variables after a request
void reset_status() {
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
#if defined(ESP8266)|| defined (ESP32)
Serial.print("Memory loss before reset:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
#endif
}
reset();
answer = "";
arguments = "";
index = 0;
//memset(&buffer[0], 0, sizeof(buffer));
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
#if defined(ESP8266)|| defined (ESP32)
Serial.print("Memory loss after reset:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
Serial.print("Memory free:");
Serial.println(freeMemory, DEC);
#endif
}
}
// Handle request with the Adafruit CC3000 WiFi library
#ifdef ADAFRUIT_CC3000_H
void handle(Adafruit_CC3000_ClientRef& client) {
if (client.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,32,20);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(Adafruit_CC3000_ClientRef& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
// Handle request with the Arduino Yun
#elif defined(_YUN_CLIENT_H_)
void handle(YunClient& client) {
if (client.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,false,0,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,25,10);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(YunClient& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
// Handle request with the Adafruit BLE board
#elif defined(_ADAFRUIT_BLE_UART_H_)
void handle(Adafruit_BLE_UART& serial) {
if (serial.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(serial,false,0,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(serial,100,1);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
// template <typename T>
// void publish(Adafruit_BLE_UART& serial, const String& eventName, T value) {
// // Publish request
// publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
// }
// Handle request for the Arduino Ethernet shield
#elif defined(ethernet_h)
void handle(EthernetClient& client){
if (client.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,50,0);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(EthernetClient& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
// Handle request for the Cytron Clone ESP8266
#elif defined(_CYTRONWIFISERVER_H_)
void handle(ESP8266Client& client){
if (client.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,true);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,0,0);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
// Handle request for the ESP8266 chip
#elif defined(ESP8266) || defined (ESP32)
void handle(WiFiClient& client){
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Memory loss before available:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
}
if (client.available()) {
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Memory loss before handling:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
}
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,true);
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Memory loss after handling:");
Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
}
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,0,0);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
// Handle request on the Serial port
void handle(HardwareSerial& serial){
if (serial.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(serial,false,1,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(serial,25,1);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(WiFiClient& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
// Handle request for the Arduino MKR1000 board
#elif defined(WIFI_H)
void handle(WiFiClient& client){
if (client.available()) {
if (DEBUG_MODE) {Serial.println("Request received");}
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,true);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,0,0);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(WiFiClient& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
// Handle request for the Arduino WiFi shield
#elif defined(WiFi_h)
void handle(WiFiClient& client){
if (client.available()) {
if (DEBUG_MODE) {Serial.println("Request received");}
// Handle request
handle_proto(client,true,0,true);
// Answer
sendBuffer(client,50,1);
client.stop();
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(WiFiClient& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
#elif defined(CORE_TEENSY)
// Handle request on the Serial port
void handle(usb_serial_class& serial){
if (serial.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(serial,false,1,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(serial,25,1);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(usb_serial_class& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega32U4__)
// Handle request on the Serial port
void handle(Serial_& serial){
if (serial.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(serial,false,1,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(serial,25,1);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(Serial_& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
#else
// Handle request on the Serial port
void handle(HardwareSerial& serial){
if (serial.available()) {
// Handle request
handle_proto(serial,false,1,false);
// Answer
sendBuffer(serial,25,1);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
}
template <typename T>
void publish(HardwareSerial& client, const String& eventName, T value) {
// Publish request
publish_proto(client, eventName, value);
}
#endif
void handle(char * string) {
// Process String
handle_proto(string);
// Reset variables for the next command
reset_status();
}
void handle_proto(char * string) {
// Check if there is data available to read
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++){
char c = string[i];
answer = answer + c;
// Process data
process(c);
}
// Send command
send_command(false, false);
}
template <typename T, typename V>
void publish_proto(T& client, const String& eventName, V value) {
// Format data
String data = "name=" + eventName + "&data=" + String(value);
Serial.println("POST /" + id + "/events HTTP/1.1");
Serial.println("Host: " + String(remote_server) + ":" + String(port));
Serial.println(F("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
Serial.print(F("Content-Length: "));
Serial.println(data.length());
Serial.println();
Serial.print(data);
// Send request
client.println(F("POST /1/events HTTP/1.1"));
client.println("Host: " + String(remote_server) + ":" + String(port));
client.println(F("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
client.print(F("Content-Length: "));
client.println(data.length());
client.println();
client.print(data);
}
template <typename T>
void handle_proto(T& serial, bool headers, uint8_t read_delay, bool decode)
{
// Check if there is data available to read
while (serial.available()) {
// Get the server answer
char c = serial.read();
delay(read_delay);
answer = answer + c;
//if (DEBUG_MODE) {Serial.print(c);}
// Process data
process(c);
}
// Send command
send_command(headers, decode);
}
#if defined(PubSubClient_h)
// Process callback
void handle_callback(PubSubClient& client, char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
// Process received message
int i;
char mqtt_msg[100];
for(i = 0; i < length; i++) {
mqtt_msg[i] = payload[i];
}
mqtt_msg[i] = '\0';
String msgString = String(mqtt_msg);
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Received message via MQTT: ");
Serial.println(msgString);
}
// Process aREST commands
String modified_message = String(msgString) + " /";
char char_message[100];
modified_message.toCharArray(char_message, 100);
// Handle command with aREST
handle(char_message);
// Read answer
char * answer = getBuffer();
// Send response
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Sending message via MQTT: ");
Serial.println(answer);
Serial.print("Size of MQTT message: ");
Serial.println(strlen(answer));
Serial.print("Size of client ID: ");
Serial.println(client_id.length());
}
int max_message_size = 128 - 20 - client_id.length();
if (strlen(answer) < max_message_size) {
client.publish(out_topic, answer);
}
else {
// Max iteration
uint8_t max_iteration = (int)(strlen(answer)/max_message_size) + 1;
// Send data
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < max_iteration; i++) {
char intermediate_buffer[max_message_size+1];
memcpy(intermediate_buffer, buffer + i*max_message_size, max_message_size);
intermediate_buffer[max_message_size] = '\0';
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
Serial.print("Intermediate buffer: ");
Serial.println(intermediate_buffer);
Serial.print("Intermediate buffer size: ");
Serial.println(strlen(intermediate_buffer));
}
client.publish(out_topic, intermediate_buffer);
}
}
// Send message
// client.publish(out_topic, answer);
// Reset buffer
resetBuffer();
}
// Handle request on the Serial port
void loop(PubSubClient& client){
// Connect to cloud
if (!client.connected()) {
reconnect(client);
}
client.loop();
}
void handle(PubSubClient& client){
// Connect to cloud
if (!client.connected()) {
reconnect(client);
}
client.loop();
}
void reconnect(PubSubClient& client) {
// Loop until we're reconnected
while (!client.connected()) {
Serial.print(F("Attempting MQTT connection..."));
// Attempt to connect
if (client.connect(client_id.c_str())) {
if (private_mqtt_server) {
Serial.println(F("Connected to MQTT server"));
}
else {
Serial.println(F("Connected to aREST.io"));
}
client.subscribe(in_topic);
// Subscribe to all
// if (subscriptions_index > 0) {
//
// for (int i = 0; i < subscriptions_index; i++) {
// if (DEBUG_MODE) {
// Serial.print(F("Subscribing to additional topic: "));
// Serial.println(subscriptions_names[i]);
// }
//
// client.subscribe(subscriptions_names[i]);
// }
//
// }
} else {
Serial.print(F("failed, rc="));
Serial.print(client.state());
Serial.println(F(" try again in 5 seconds"));
// Wait 5 seconds before retrying
delay(5000);
}
}
}
#endif
void process(char c) {
// Check if we are receveing useful data and process it
if(state != 'u')
return;
if(c != '/' && c != '\r')
return;
if (DEBUG_MODE) {
// #if defined(ESP8266)|| defined (ESP32)
// Serial.print("Memory loss:");
// Serial.println(freeMemory - ESP.getFreeHeap(),DEC);
// freeMemory = ESP.getFreeHeap();
// #endif
Serial.println(answer);
}
// If the command is mode, and the pin is already selected
if (command == 'm' && pin_selected && state == 'u') {
// Get state
state = answer[0];
}
// If a digital command has been received, process the data accordingly
if (command == 'd' && pin_selected && state == 'u') {
// If it's a read command, read from the pin and send data back
if (answer[0] == 'r') {
state = 'r';
}
// If not, get value we want to apply to the pin
else {
value = answer.toInt();
state = 'w';
}
}
// If analog command has been selected, process the data accordingly
if (command == 'a' && pin_selected && state == 'u') {
// If it's a read, read from the correct pin
if (answer[0] == 'r') {
state = 'r';
}
// Else, write analog value
else {
value = answer.toInt();
state = 'w';
}
}