weibo.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import codecs
import copy
import csv
import json
import math
import os
import random
import sys
import traceback
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta
from time import sleep

import requests
from lxml import etree
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from tqdm import tqdm


class Weibo(object):
    def __init__(self, config):
        """Weibo类初始化"""
        self.validate_config(config)
        self.filter = config[
            'filter']  # 取值范围为0、1,程序默认值为0,代表要爬取用户的全部微博,1代表只爬取用户的原创微博
        since_date = str(config['since_date'])
        if since_date.isdigit():
            since_date = str(date.today() - timedelta(int(since_date)))
        self.since_date = since_date  # 起始时间，即爬取发布日期从该值到现在的微博，形式为yyyy-mm-dd
        self.write_mode = config[
            'write_mode']  # 结果信息保存类型，为list形式，可包含csv、mongo和mysql三种类型
        self.original_pic_download = config[
            'original_pic_download']  # 取值范围为0、1, 0代表不下载原创微博图片,1代表下载
        self.retweet_pic_download = config[
            'retweet_pic_download']  # 取值范围为0、1, 0代表不下载转发微博图片,1代表下载
        self.original_video_download = config[
            'original_video_download']  # 取值范围为0、1, 0代表不下载原创微博视频,1代表下载
        self.retweet_video_download = config[
            'retweet_video_download']  # 取值范围为0、1, 0代表不下载转发微博视频,1代表下载
        self.cookie = {'Cookie': config.get('cookie')}  # 微博cookie，可填可不填
        self.mysql_config = config.get('mysql_config')  # MySQL数据库连接配置，可以不填
        user_id_list = config['user_id_list']
        if not isinstance(user_id_list, list):
            if not os.path.isabs(user_id_list):
                user_id_list = os.path.split(
                    os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + os.sep + user_id_list
            self.user_config_file_path = user_id_list  # 用户配置文件路径
            user_config_list = self.get_user_config_list(user_id_list)
        else:
            self.user_config_file_path = ''
            user_config_list = [{
                'user_id': user_id,
                'since_date': self.since_date
            } for user_id in user_id_list]
        self.user_config_list = user_config_list  # 要爬取的微博用户的user_config列表
        self.user_config = {}  # 用户配置,包含用户id和since_date
        self.start_date = ''  # 获取用户第一条微博时的日期
        self.user = {}  # 存储目标微博用户信息
        self.got_count = 0  # 存储爬取到的微博数
        self.weibo = []  # 存储爬取到的所有微博信息
        self.weibo_id_list = []  # 存储爬取到的所有微博id

    def validate_config(self, config):
        """验证配置是否正确"""

        # 验证filter、original_pic_download、retweet_pic_download、original_video_download、retweet_video_download
        argument_list = [
            'filter', 'original_pic_download', 'retweet_pic_download',
            'original_video_download', 'retweet_video_download'
        ]
        for argument in argument_list:
            if config[argument] != 0 and config[argument] != 1:
                sys.exit(u'%s值应为0或1,请重新输入' % config[argument])

        # 验证since_date
        since_date = str(config['since_date'])
        if (not self.is_date(since_date)) and (not since_date.isdigit()):
            sys.exit(u'since_date值应为yyyy-mm-dd形式或整数,请重新输入')

        # 验证write_mode
        write_mode = ['csv', 'json', 'mongo', 'mysql']
        if not isinstance(config['write_mode'], list):
            sys.exit(u'write_mode值应为list类型')
        for mode in config['write_mode']:
            if mode not in write_mode:
                sys.exit(
                    u'%s为无效模式，请从csv、json、mongo和mysql中挑选一个或多个作为write_mode' %
                    mode)

        # 验证user_id_list
        user_id_list = config['user_id_list']
        if (not isinstance(user_id_list,
                           list)) and (not user_id_list.endswith('.txt')):
            sys.exit(u'user_id_list值应为list类型或txt文件路径')
        if not isinstance(user_id_list, list):
            if not os.path.isabs(user_id_list):
                user_id_list = os.path.split(
                    os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + os.sep + user_id_list
            if not os.path.isfile(user_id_list):
                sys.exit(u'不存在%s文件' % user_id_list)

    def is_date(self, since_date):
        """判断日期格式是否正确"""
        try:
            datetime.strptime(since_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
            return True
        except ValueError:
            return False

    def get_json(self, params):
        """获取网页中json数据"""
        url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/api/container/getIndex?'
        r = requests.get(url, params=params, cookies=self.cookie)
        return r.json()

    def get_weibo_json(self, page):
        """获取网页中微博json数据"""
        params = {
            'containerid': '107603' + str(self.user_config['user_id']),
            'page': page
        }
        js = self.get_json(params)
        return js

    def user_to_csv(self):
        """将爬取到的用户信息写入csv文件"""
        file_dir = os.path.split(
            os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + os.sep + 'weibo'
        if not os.path.isdir(file_dir):
            os.makedirs(file_dir)
        file_path = file_dir + os.sep + 'users.csv'
        result_headers = [
            '用户id', '昵称', '性别', '生日', '所在地', '学习经历', '公司', '注册时间', '阳光信用',
            '微博数', '粉丝数', '关注数', '简介', '主页', '头像', '高清头像', '微博等级', '会员等级',
            '是否认证', '认证类型', '认证信息'
        ]
        result_data = [[
            v.encode('utf-8') if 'unicode' in str(type(v)) else v
            for v in self.user.values()
        ]]
        self.csv_helper(result_headers, result_data, file_path)

    def user_to_mongodb(self):
        """将爬取的用户信息写入MongoDB数据库"""
        user_list = [self.user]
        self.info_to_mongodb('user', user_list)
        print(u'%s信息写入MongoDB数据库完毕' % self.user['screen_name'])

    def user_to_mysql(self):
        """将爬取的用户信息写入MySQL数据库"""
        mysql_config = {
            'host': 'localhost',
            'port': 3306,
            'user': 'root',
            'password': '123456',
            'charset': 'utf8mb4'
        }
        # 创建'weibo'数据库
        create_database = """CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS weibo DEFAULT
                         CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci"""
        self.mysql_create_database(mysql_config, create_database)
        # 创建'user'表
        create_table = """
                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user (
                id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
                screen_name varchar(30),
                gender varchar(10),
                statuses_count INT,
                followers_count INT,
                follow_count INT,
                registration_time varchar(20),
                sunshine varchar(20),
                birthday varchar(40),
                location varchar(200),
                education varchar(200),
                company varchar(200),
                description varchar(140),
                profile_url varchar(200),
                profile_image_url varchar(200),
                avatar_hd varchar(200),
                urank INT,
                mbrank INT,
                verified BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,
                verified_type INT,
                verified_reason varchar(140),
                PRIMARY KEY (id)
                ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4"""
        self.mysql_create_table(mysql_config, create_table)
        self.mysql_insert(mysql_config, 'user', [self.user])
        print(u'%s信息写入MySQL数据库完毕' % self.user['screen_name'])

    def user_to_database(self):
        """将用户信息写入文件/数据库"""
        self.user_to_csv()
        if 'mysql' in self.write_mode:
            self.user_to_mysql()
        if 'mongo' in self.write_mode:
            self.user_to_mongodb()

    def get_user_info(self):
        """获取用户信息"""
        params = {'containerid': '100505' + str(self.user_config['user_id'])}
        js = self.get_json(params)
        if js['ok']:
            info = js['data']['userInfo']
            user_info = OrderedDict()
            user_info['id'] = self.user_config['user_id']
            user_info['screen_name'] = info.get('screen_name', '')
            user_info['gender'] = info.get('gender', '')
            params = {
                'containerid':
                '230283' + str(self.user_config['user_id']) + '_-_INFO'
            }
            zh_list = [
                u'生日', u'所在地', u'小学', u'初中', u'高中', u'大学', u'公司', u'注册时间',
                u'阳光信用'
            ]
            en_list = [
                'birthday', 'location', 'education', 'education', 'education',
                'education', 'company', 'registration_time', 'sunshine'
            ]
            for i in en_list:
                user_info[i] = ''
            js = self.get_json(params)
            if js['ok']:
                cards = js['data']['cards']
                if isinstance(cards, list) and len(cards) > 1:
                    card_list = cards[0]['card_group'] + cards[1]['card_group']
                    for card in card_list:
                        if card.get('item_name') in zh_list:
                            user_info[en_list[zh_list.index(
                                card.get('item_name'))]] = card.get(
                                    'item_content', '')
            user_info['statuses_count'] = info.get('statuses_count', 0)
            user_info['followers_count'] = info.get('followers_count', 0)
            user_info['follow_count'] = info.get('follow_count', 0)
            user_info['description'] = info.get('description', '')
            user_info['profile_url'] = info.get('profile_url', '')
            user_info['profile_image_url'] = info.get('profile_image_url', '')
            user_info['avatar_hd'] = info.get('avatar_hd', '')
            user_info['urank'] = info.get('urank', 0)
            user_info['mbrank'] = info.get('mbrank', 0)
            user_info['verified'] = info.get('verified', False)
            user_info['verified_type'] = info.get('verified_type', 0)
            user_info['verified_reason'] = info.get('verified_reason', '')
            user = self.standardize_info(user_info)
            self.user = user
            self.user_to_database()
            return user

    def get_long_weibo(self, id):
        """获取长微博"""
        for i in range(5):
            url = 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/%s' % id
            html = requests.get(url, cookies=self.cookie).text
            html = html[html.find('"status":'):]
            html = html[:html.rfind('"hotScheme"')]
            html = html[:html.rfind(',')]
            html = '{' + html + '}'
            js = json.loads(html, strict=False)
            weibo_info = js.get('status')
            if weibo_info:
                weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
                return weibo
            sleep(random.randint(6, 10))

    def get_pics(self, weibo_info):
        """获取微博原始图片url"""
        if weibo_info.get('pics'):
            pic_info = weibo_info['pics']
            pic_list = [pic['large']['url'] for pic in pic_info]
            pics = ','.join(pic_list)
        else:
            pics = ''
        return pics

    def get_live_photo(self, weibo_info):
        """获取live photo中的视频url"""
        live_photo_list = []
        live_photo = weibo_info.get('pic_video')
        if live_photo:
            prefix = 'https://video.weibo.com/media/play?livephoto=//us.sinaimg.cn/'
            for i in live_photo.split(','):
                if len(i.split(':')) == 2:
                    url = prefix + i.split(':')[1] + '.mov'
                    live_photo_list.append(url)
            return live_photo_list

    def get_video_url(self, weibo_info):
        """获取微博视频url"""
        video_url = ''
        video_url_list = []
        if weibo_info.get('page_info'):
            if weibo_info['page_info'].get('media_info') and weibo_info[
                    'page_info'].get('type') == 'video':
                media_info = weibo_info['page_info']['media_info']
                video_url = media_info.get('mp4_720p_mp4')
                if not video_url:
                    video_url = media_info.get('mp4_hd_url')
                    if not video_url:
                        video_url = media_info.get('mp4_sd_url')
                        if not video_url:
                            video_url = media_info.get('stream_url_hd')
                            if not video_url:
                                video_url = media_info.get('stream_url')
        if video_url:
            video_url_list.append(video_url)
        live_photo_list = self.get_live_photo(weibo_info)
        if live_photo_list:
            video_url_list += live_photo_list
        return ';'.join(video_url_list)

    def download_one_file(self, url, file_path, type, weibo_id):
        """下载单个文件(图片/视频)"""
        try:
            if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
                s = requests.Session()
                s.mount(url, HTTPAdapter(max_retries=5))
                downloaded = s.get(url, cookies=self.cookie, timeout=(5, 10))
                with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                    f.write(downloaded.content)
        except Exception as e:
            error_file = self.get_filepath(
                type) + os.sep + 'not_downloaded.txt'
            with open(error_file, 'ab') as f:
                url = str(weibo_id) + ':' + url + '\n'
                f.write(url.encode(sys.stdout.encoding))
            print('Error: ', e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def handle_download(self, file_type, file_dir, urls, w):
        """处理下载相关操作"""
        file_prefix = w['created_at'][:11].replace('-', '') + '_' + str(
            w['id'])
        if file_type == 'img':
            if ',' in urls:
                url_list = urls.split(',')
                for i, url in enumerate(url_list):
                    file_suffix = url[url.rfind('.'):]
                    file_name = file_prefix + '_' + str(i + 1) + file_suffix
                    file_path = file_dir + os.sep + file_name
                    self.download_one_file(url, file_path, file_type, w['id'])
            else:
                file_suffix = urls[urls.rfind('.'):]
                file_name = file_prefix + file_suffix
                file_path = file_dir + os.sep + file_name
                self.download_one_file(urls, file_path, file_type, w['id'])
        else:
            file_suffix = '.mp4'
            if ';' in urls:
                url_list = urls.split(';')
                if url_list[0].endswith('.mov'):
                    file_suffix = '.mov'
                for i, url in enumerate(url_list):
                    file_name = file_prefix + '_' + str(i + 1) + file_suffix
                    file_path = file_dir + os.sep + file_name
                    self.download_one_file(url, file_path, file_type, w['id'])
            else:
                if urls.endswith('.mov'):
                    file_suffix = '.mov'
                file_name = file_prefix + file_suffix
                file_path = file_dir + os.sep + file_name
                self.download_one_file(urls, file_path, file_type, w['id'])

    def download_files(self, file_type, weibo_type, wrote_count):
        """下载文件(图片/视频)"""
        try:
            describe = ''
            if file_type == 'img':
                describe = u'图片'
                key = 'pics'
            else:
                describe = u'视频'
                key = 'video_url'
            if weibo_type == 'original':
                describe = u'原创微博' + describe
            else:
                describe = u'转发微博' + describe
            print(u'即将进行%s下载' % describe)
            file_dir = self.get_filepath(file_type)
            file_dir = file_dir + os.sep + describe
            if not os.path.isdir(file_dir):
                os.makedirs(file_dir)
            for w in tqdm(self.weibo[wrote_count:], desc='Download progress'):
                if weibo_type == 'retweet':
                    if w.get('retweet'):
                        w = w['retweet']
                    else:
                        continue
                if w.get(key):
                    self.handle_download(file_type, file_dir, w.get(key), w)
            print(u'%s下载完毕,保存路径:' % describe)
            print(file_dir)
        except Exception as e:
            print('Error: ', e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def get_location(self, selector):
        """获取微博发布位置"""
        location_icon = 'timeline_card_small_location_default.png'
        span_list = selector.xpath('//span')
        location = ''
        for i, span in enumerate(span_list):
            if span.xpath('img/@src'):
                if location_icon in span.xpath('img/@src')[0]:
                    location = span_list[i + 1].xpath('string(.)')
                    break
        return location

    def get_topics(self, selector):
        """获取参与的微博话题"""
        span_list = selector.xpath("//span[@class='surl-text']")
        topics = ''
        topic_list = []
        for span in span_list:
            text = span.xpath('string(.)')
            if len(text) > 2 and text[0] == '#' and text[-1] == '#':
                topic_list.append(text[1:-1])
        if topic_list:
            topics = ','.join(topic_list)
        return topics

    def get_at_users(self, selector):
        """获取@用户"""
        a_list = selector.xpath('//a')
        at_users = ''
        at_list = []
        for a in a_list:
            if '@' + a.xpath('@href')[0][3:] == a.xpath('string(.)'):
                at_list.append(a.xpath('string(.)')[1:])
        if at_list:
            at_users = ','.join(at_list)
        return at_users

    def string_to_int(self, string):
        """字符串转换为整数"""
        if isinstance(string, int):
            return string
        elif string.endswith(u'万+'):
            string = int(string[:-2] + '0000')
        elif string.endswith(u'万'):
            string = int(string[:-1] + '0000')
        return int(string)

    def standardize_date(self, created_at):
        """标准化微博发布时间"""
        if u"刚刚" in created_at:
            created_at = datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        elif u"分钟" in created_at:
            minute = created_at[:created_at.find(u"分钟")]
            minute = timedelta(minutes=int(minute))
            created_at = (datetime.now() - minute).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        elif u"小时" in created_at:
            hour = created_at[:created_at.find(u"小时")]
            hour = timedelta(hours=int(hour))
            created_at = (datetime.now() - hour).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        elif u"昨天" in created_at:
            day = timedelta(days=1)
            created_at = (datetime.now() - day).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        elif created_at.count('-') == 1:
            year = datetime.now().strftime("%Y")
            created_at = year + "-" + created_at
        return created_at

    def standardize_info(self, weibo):
        """标准化信息，去除乱码"""
        for k, v in weibo.items():
            if 'bool' not in str(type(v)) and 'int' not in str(
                    type(v)) and 'list' not in str(
                        type(v)) and 'long' not in str(type(v)):
                weibo[k] = v.replace(u"\u200b", "").encode(
                    sys.stdout.encoding, "ignore").decode(sys.stdout.encoding)
        return weibo

    def parse_weibo(self, weibo_info):
        weibo = OrderedDict()
        if weibo_info['user']:
            weibo['user_id'] = weibo_info['user']['id']
            weibo['screen_name'] = weibo_info['user']['screen_name']
        else:
            weibo['user_id'] = ''
            weibo['screen_name'] = ''
        weibo['id'] = int(weibo_info['id'])
        weibo['bid'] = weibo_info['bid']
        text_body = weibo_info['text']
        selector = etree.HTML(text_body)
        weibo['text'] = etree.HTML(text_body).xpath('string(.)')
        weibo['pics'] = self.get_pics(weibo_info)
        weibo['video_url'] = self.get_video_url(weibo_info)
        weibo['location'] = self.get_location(selector)
        weibo['created_at'] = weibo_info['created_at']
        weibo['source'] = weibo_info['source']
        weibo['attitudes_count'] = self.string_to_int(
            weibo_info.get('attitudes_count', 0))
        weibo['comments_count'] = self.string_to_int(
            weibo_info.get('comments_count', 0))
        weibo['reposts_count'] = self.string_to_int(
            weibo_info.get('reposts_count', 0))
        weibo['topics'] = self.get_topics(selector)
        weibo['at_users'] = self.get_at_users(selector)
        return self.standardize_info(weibo)

    def print_user_info(self):
        """打印用户信息"""
        print('+' * 100)
        print(u'用户信息')
        print(u'用户id：%s' % self.user['id'])
        print(u'用户昵称：%s' % self.user['screen_name'])
        gender = u'女' if self.user['gender'] == 'f' else u'男'
        print(u'性别：%s' % gender)
        print(u'生日：%s' % self.user['birthday'])
        print(u'所在地：%s' % self.user['location'])
        print(u'教育经历：%s' % self.user['education'])
        print(u'公司：%s' % self.user['company'])
        print(u'阳光信用：%s' % self.user['sunshine'])
        print(u'注册时间：%s' % self.user['registration_time'])
        print(u'微博数：%d' % self.user['statuses_count'])
        print(u'粉丝数：%d' % self.user['followers_count'])
        print(u'关注数：%d' % self.user['follow_count'])
        print(u'url：https://m.weibo.cn/profile/%s' % self.user['id'])
        if self.user.get('verified_reason'):
            print(self.user['verified_reason'])
        print(self.user['description'])
        print('+' * 100)

    def print_one_weibo(self, weibo):
        """打印一条微博"""
        try:
            print(u'微博id：%d' % weibo['id'])
            print(u'微博正文：%s' % weibo['text'])
            print(u'原始图片url：%s' % weibo['pics'])
            print(u'微博位置：%s' % weibo['location'])
            print(u'发布时间：%s' % weibo['created_at'])
            print(u'发布工具：%s' % weibo['source'])
            print(u'点赞数：%d' % weibo['attitudes_count'])
            print(u'评论数：%d' % weibo['comments_count'])
            print(u'转发数：%d' % weibo['reposts_count'])
            print(u'话题：%s' % weibo['topics'])
            print(u'@用户：%s' % weibo['at_users'])
            print(u'url：https://m.weibo.cn/detail/%d' % weibo['id'])
        except OSError:
            pass

    def print_weibo(self, weibo):
        """打印微博，若为转发微博，会同时打印原创和转发部分"""
        if weibo.get('retweet'):
            print('*' * 100)
            print(u'转发部分：')
            self.print_one_weibo(weibo['retweet'])
            print('*' * 100)
            print(u'原创部分：')
        self.print_one_weibo(weibo)
        print('-' * 120)

    def get_one_weibo(self, info):
        """获取一条微博的全部信息"""
        try:
            weibo_info = info['mblog']
            weibo_id = weibo_info['id']
            retweeted_status = weibo_info.get('retweeted_status')
            is_long = weibo_info.get('isLongText')
            if retweeted_status:  # 转发
                retweet_id = retweeted_status.get('id')
                is_long_retweet = retweeted_status.get('isLongText')
                if is_long:
                    weibo = self.get_long_weibo(weibo_id)
                    if not weibo:
                        weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
                else:
                    weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
                if is_long_retweet:
                    retweet = self.get_long_weibo(retweet_id)
                    if not retweet:
                        retweet = self.parse_weibo(retweeted_status)
                else:
                    retweet = self.parse_weibo(retweeted_status)
                retweet['created_at'] = self.standardize_date(
                    retweeted_status['created_at'])
                weibo['retweet'] = retweet
            else:  # 原创
                if is_long:
                    weibo = self.get_long_weibo(weibo_id)
                    if not weibo:
                        weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
                else:
                    weibo = self.parse_weibo(weibo_info)
            weibo['created_at'] = self.standardize_date(
                weibo_info['created_at'])
            return weibo
        except Exception as e:
            print("Error: ", e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def is_pinned_weibo(self, info):
        """判断微博是否为置顶微博"""
        weibo_info = info['mblog']
        title = weibo_info.get('title')
        if title and title.get('text') == u'置顶':
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_one_page(self, page):
        """获取一页的全部微博"""
        try:
            js = self.get_weibo_json(page)
            if js['ok']:
                weibos = js['data']['cards']
                for w in weibos:
                    if w['card_type'] == 9:
                        wb = self.get_one_weibo(w)
                        if wb:
                            if wb['id'] in self.weibo_id_list:
                                continue
                            created_at = datetime.strptime(
                                wb['created_at'], '%Y-%m-%d')
                            since_date = datetime.strptime(
                                self.user_config['since_date'], '%Y-%m-%d')
                            if created_at < since_date:
                                if self.is_pinned_weibo(w):
                                    continue
                                else:
                                    print(u'{}已获取{}({})的第{}页微博{}'.format(
                                        '-' * 30, self.user['screen_name'],
                                        self.user['id'], page, '-' * 30))
                                    return True
                            if (not self.filter) or (
                                    'retweet' not in wb.keys()):
                                self.weibo.append(wb)
                                self.weibo_id_list.append(wb['id'])
                                self.got_count += 1
                                self.print_weibo(wb)
                            else:
                                print(u'正在过滤转发微博')
            print(u'{}已获取{}({})的第{}页微博{}'.format('-' * 30,
                                                 self.user['screen_name'],
                                                 self.user['id'], page,
                                                 '-' * 30))
        except Exception as e:
            print("Error: ", e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def get_page_count(self):
        """获取微博页数"""
        try:
            weibo_count = self.user['statuses_count']
            page_count = int(math.ceil(weibo_count / 10.0))
            return page_count
        except KeyError:
            print(u'程序出错，错误原因可能为以下两者：\n'
                  u'1.user_id不正确；\n'
                  u'2.此用户微博可能需要设置cookie才能爬取。\n'
                  u'解决方案：\n'
                  u'请参考\n'
                  u'https://github.com/dataabc/weibo-crawler#如何获取user_id\n'
                  u'获取正确的user_id；\n'
                  u'或者参考\n'
                  u'https://github.com/dataabc/weibo-crawler#3程序设置\n'
                  u'中的“设置cookie”部分设置cookie信息')

    def get_write_info(self, wrote_count):
        """获取要写入的微博信息"""
        write_info = []
        for w in self.weibo[wrote_count:]:
            wb = OrderedDict()
            for k, v in w.items():
                if k not in ['user_id', 'screen_name', 'retweet']:
                    if 'unicode' in str(type(v)):
                        v = v.encode('utf-8')
                    wb[k] = v
            if not self.filter:
                if w.get('retweet'):
                    wb['is_original'] = False
                    for k2, v2 in w['retweet'].items():
                        if 'unicode' in str(type(v2)):
                            v2 = v2.encode('utf-8')
                        wb['retweet_' + k2] = v2
                else:
                    wb['is_original'] = True
            write_info.append(wb)
        return write_info

    def get_filepath(self, type):
        """获取结果文件路径"""
        try:
            file_dir = os.path.split(
                os.path.realpath(__file__)
            )[0] + os.sep + 'weibo' + os.sep + self.user['screen_name']
            if type == 'img' or type == 'video':
                file_dir = file_dir + os.sep + type
            if not os.path.isdir(file_dir):
                os.makedirs(file_dir)
            if type == 'img' or type == 'video':
                return file_dir
            file_path = file_dir + os.sep + self.user_config[
                'user_id'] + '.' + type
            return file_path
        except Exception as e:
            print('Error: ', e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def get_result_headers(self):
        """获取要写入结果文件的表头"""
        result_headers = [
            'id', 'bid', '正文', '原始图片url', '视频url', '位置', '日期', '工具', '点赞数',
            '评论数', '转发数', '话题', '@用户'
        ]
        if not self.filter:
            result_headers2 = ['是否原创', '源用户id', '源用户昵称']
            result_headers3 = ['源微博' + r for r in result_headers]
            result_headers = result_headers + result_headers2 + result_headers3
        return result_headers

    def write_csv(self, wrote_count):
        """将爬到的信息写入csv文件"""
        write_info = self.get_write_info(wrote_count)
        result_headers = self.get_result_headers()
        result_data = [w.values() for w in write_info]
        file_path = self.get_filepath('csv')
        self.csv_helper(result_headers, result_data, file_path)

    def csv_helper(self, headers, result_data, file_path):
        """将指定信息写入csv文件"""
        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
            is_first_write = 1
        else:
            is_first_write = 0
        if sys.version < '3':  # python2.x
            with open(file_path, 'ab') as f:
                f.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
                writer = csv.writer(f)
                if is_first_write:
                    writer.writerows([headers])
                writer.writerows(result_data)
        else:  # python3.x
            with open(file_path, 'a', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as f:
                writer = csv.writer(f)
                if is_first_write:
                    writer.writerows([headers])
                writer.writerows(result_data)
        if headers[0] == 'id':
            print(u'%d条微博写入csv文件完毕,保存路径:' % self.got_count)
        else:
            print(u'%s 信息写入csv文件完毕，保存路径:' % self.user['screen_name'])
        print(file_path)

    def update_json_data(self, data, weibo_info):
        """更新要写入json结果文件中的数据，已经存在于json中的信息更新为最新值，不存在的信息添加到data中"""
        data['user'] = self.user
        if data.get('weibo'):
            is_new = 1  # 待写入微博是否全部为新微博，即待写入微博与json中的数据不重复
            for old in data['weibo']:
                if weibo_info[-1]['id'] == old['id']:
                    is_new = 0
                    break
            if is_new == 0:
                for new in weibo_info:
                    flag = 1
                    for i, old in enumerate(data['weibo']):
                        if new['id'] == old['id']:
                            data['weibo'][i] = new
                            flag = 0
                            break
                    if flag:
                        data['weibo'].append(new)
            else:
                data['weibo'] += weibo_info
        else:
            data['weibo'] = weibo_info
        return data

    def write_json(self, wrote_count):
        """将爬到的信息写入json文件"""
        data = {}
        path = self.get_filepath('json')
        if os.path.isfile(path):
            with codecs.open(path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
                data = json.load(f)
        weibo_info = self.weibo[wrote_count:]
        data = self.update_json_data(data, weibo_info)
        with codecs.open(path, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
            json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False)
        print(u'%d条微博写入json文件完毕,保存路径:' % self.got_count)
        print(path)

    def info_to_mongodb(self, collection, info_list):
        """将爬取的信息写入MongoDB数据库"""
        try:
            import pymongo
        except ImportError:
            sys.exit(u'系统中可能没有安装pymongo库，请先运行 pip install pymongo ，再运行程序')
        try:
            from pymongo import MongoClient

            client = MongoClient()
            db = client['weibo']
            collection = db[collection]
            if len(self.write_mode) > 1:
                new_info_list = copy.deepcopy(info_list)
            else:
                new_info_list = info_list
            for info in new_info_list:
                if not collection.find_one({'id': info['id']}):
                    collection.insert_one(info)
                else:
                    collection.update_one({'id': info['id']}, {'$set': info})
        except pymongo.errors.ServerSelectionTimeoutError:
            sys.exit(u'系统中可能没有安装或启动MongoDB数据库，请先根据系统环境安装或启动MongoDB，再运行程序')

    def weibo_to_mongodb(self, wrote_count):
        """将爬取的微博信息写入MongoDB数据库"""
        self.info_to_mongodb('weibo', self.weibo[wrote_count:])
        print(u'%d条微博写入MongoDB数据库完毕' % self.got_count)

    def mysql_create(self, connection, sql):
        """创建MySQL数据库或表"""
        try:
            with connection.cursor() as cursor:
                cursor.execute(sql)
        finally:
            connection.close()

    def mysql_create_database(self, mysql_config, sql):
        """创建MySQL数据库"""
        try:
            import pymysql
        except ImportError:
            sys.exit(u'系统中可能没有安装pymysql库，请先运行 pip install pymysql ，再运行程序')
        try:
            if self.mysql_config:
                mysql_config = self.mysql_config
            connection = pymysql.connect(**mysql_config)
            self.mysql_create(connection, sql)
        except pymysql.OperationalError:
            sys.exit(u'系统中可能没有安装或正确配置MySQL数据库，请先根据系统环境安装或配置MySQL，再运行程序')

    def mysql_create_table(self, mysql_config, sql):
        """创建MySQL表"""
        import pymysql

        if self.mysql_config:
            mysql_config = self.mysql_config
        mysql_config['db'] = 'weibo'
        connection = pymysql.connect(**mysql_config)
        self.mysql_create(connection, sql)

    def mysql_insert(self, mysql_config, table, data_list):
        """向MySQL表插入或更新数据"""
        import pymysql

        if len(data_list) > 0:
            keys = ', '.join(data_list[0].keys())
            values = ', '.join(['%s'] * len(data_list[0]))
            if self.mysql_config:
                mysql_config = self.mysql_config
            mysql_config['db'] = 'weibo'
            connection = pymysql.connect(**mysql_config)
            cursor = connection.cursor()
            sql = """INSERT INTO {table}({keys}) VALUES ({values}) ON
                     DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE""".format(table=table,
                                                    keys=keys,
                                                    values=values)
            update = ','.join([
                " {key} = values({key})".format(key=key)
                for key in data_list[0]
            ])
            sql += update
            try:
                cursor.executemany(
                    sql, [tuple(data.values()) for data in data_list])
                connection.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                connection.rollback()
                print('Error: ', e)
                traceback.print_exc()
            finally:
                connection.close()

    def weibo_to_mysql(self, wrote_count):
        """将爬取的微博信息写入MySQL数据库"""
        mysql_config = {
            'host': 'localhost',
            'port': 3306,
            'user': 'root',
            'password': '123456',
            'charset': 'utf8mb4'
        }
        # 创建'weibo'表
        create_table = """
                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS weibo (
                id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
                bid varchar(12) NOT NULL,
                user_id varchar(20),
                screen_name varchar(30),
                text varchar(2000),
                topics varchar(200),
                at_users varchar(1000),
                pics varchar(3000),
                video_url varchar(1000),
                location varchar(100),
                created_at DATETIME,
                source varchar(30),
                attitudes_count INT,
                comments_count INT,
                reposts_count INT,
                retweet_id varchar(20),
                PRIMARY KEY (id)
                ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4"""
        self.mysql_create_table(mysql_config, create_table)
        weibo_list = []
        retweet_list = []
        if len(self.write_mode) > 1:
            info_list = copy.deepcopy(self.weibo[wrote_count:])
        else:
            info_list = self.weibo[wrote_count:]
        for w in info_list:
            if 'retweet' in w:
                w['retweet']['retweet_id'] = ''
                retweet_list.append(w['retweet'])
                w['retweet_id'] = w['retweet']['id']
                del w['retweet']
            else:
                w['retweet_id'] = ''
            weibo_list.append(w)
        # 在'weibo'表中插入或更新微博数据
        self.mysql_insert(mysql_config, 'weibo', retweet_list)
        self.mysql_insert(mysql_config, 'weibo', weibo_list)
        print(u'%d条微博写入MySQL数据库完毕' % self.got_count)

    def update_user_config_file(self, user_config_file_path):
        """更新用户配置文件"""
        with open(user_config_file_path, 'rb') as f:
            try:
                lines = f.read().splitlines()
                lines = [line.decode('utf-8-sig') for line in lines]
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                sys.exit(u'%s文件应为utf-8编码，请先将文件编码转为utf-8再运行程序' %
                         user_config_file_path)
            for i, line in enumerate(lines):
                info = line.split(' ')
                if len(info) > 0 and info[0].isdigit():
                    if self.user_config['user_id'] == info[0]:
                        if len(info) == 1:
                            info.append(self.user['screen_name'])
                            info.append(self.start_date)
                        if len(info) == 2:
                            info.append(self.start_date)
                        if len(info) > 2:
                            info[2] = self.start_date
                        lines[i] = ' '.join(info)
                        break
        with codecs.open(user_config_file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write('\n'.join(lines))

    def write_data(self, wrote_count):
        """将爬到的信息写入文件或数据库"""
        if self.got_count > wrote_count:
            if 'csv' in self.write_mode:
                self.write_csv(wrote_count)
            if 'json' in self.write_mode:
                self.write_json(wrote_count)
            if 'mysql' in self.write_mode:
                self.weibo_to_mysql(wrote_count)
            if 'mongo' in self.write_mode:
                self.weibo_to_mongodb(wrote_count)
            if self.original_pic_download:
                self.download_files('img', 'original', wrote_count)
            if self.original_video_download:
                self.download_files('video', 'original', wrote_count)
            if not self.filter:
                if self.retweet_pic_download:
                    self.download_files('img', 'retweet', wrote_count)
                if self.retweet_video_download:
                    self.download_files('video', 'retweet', wrote_count)

    def get_pages(self):
        """获取全部微博"""
        try:
            self.get_user_info()
            self.print_user_info()
            since_date = datetime.strptime(self.user_config['since_date'],
                                           '%Y-%m-%d')
            today = datetime.strptime(str(date.today()), '%Y-%m-%d')
            if since_date <= today:
                page_count = self.get_page_count()
                wrote_count = 0
                page1 = 0
                random_pages = random.randint(1, 5)
                self.start_date = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                for page in tqdm(range(1, page_count + 1), desc='Progress'):
                    is_end = self.get_one_page(page)
                    if is_end:
                        break

                    if page % 20 == 0:  # 每爬20页写入一次文件
                        self.write_data(wrote_count)
                        wrote_count = self.got_count

                    # 通过加入随机等待避免被限制。爬虫速度过快容易被系统限制(一段时间后限
                    # 制会自动解除)，加入随机等待模拟人的操作，可降低被系统限制的风险。默
                    # 认是每爬取1到5页随机等待6到10秒，如果仍然被限，可适当增加sleep时间
                    if (page -
                            page1) % random_pages == 0 and page < page_count:
                        sleep(random.randint(6, 10))
                        page1 = page
                        random_pages = random.randint(1, 5)

                self.write_data(wrote_count)  # 将剩余不足20页的微博写入文件
            print(u'微博爬取完成，共爬取%d条微博' % self.got_count)
        except Exception as e:
            print("Error: ", e)
            traceback.print_exc()

    def get_user_config_list(self, file_path):
        """获取文件中的微博id信息"""
        with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
            try:
                lines = f.read().splitlines()
                lines = [line.decode('utf-8-sig') for line in lines]
            except UnicodeDecodeError:
                sys.exit(u'%s文件应为utf-8编码，请先将文件编码转为utf-8再运行程序' % file_path)
            user_config_list = []
            for line in lines:
                info = line.split(' ')
                if len(info) > 0 and info[0].isdigit():
                    user_config = {}
                    user_config['user_id'] = info[0]
                    if len(info) > 2 and self.is_date(info[2]):
                        user_config['since_date'] = info[2]
                    else:
                        user_config['since_date'] = self.since_date
                    if user_config not in user_config_list:
                        user_config_list.append(user_config)
        return user_config_list

    def initialize_info(self, user_config):
        """初始化爬虫信息"""
        self.weibo = []
        self.user = {}
        self.user_config = user_config
        self.got_count = 0
        self.weibo_id_list = []

    def start(self):
        """运行爬虫"""
        try:
            for user_config in self.user_config_list:
                self.initialize_info(user_config)
                self.get_pages()
                print(u'信息抓取完毕')
                print('*' * 100)
                if self.user_config_file_path:
                    self.update_user_config_file(self.user_config_file_path)
        except Exception as e:
            print('Error: ', e)
            traceback.print_exc()


def main():
    try:
        config_path = os.path.split(
            os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + os.sep + 'config.json'
        if not os.path.isfile(config_path):
            sys.exit(u'当前路径：%s 不存在配置文件config.json' %
                     (os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0] + os.sep))
        with open(config_path) as f:
            try:
                config = json.loads(f.read())
            except ValueError:
                sys.exit(u'config.json 格式不正确，请参考 '
                         u'https://github.com/dataabc/weibo-crawler#3程序设置')
        wb = Weibo(config)
        wb.start()  # 爬取微博信息
    except Exception as e:
        print('Error: ', e)
        traceback.print_exc()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()