DeiT: Data-efficient Image Transformers

This repository contains PyTorch evaluation code, training code and pretrained models for the following projects:

• DeiT (Data-Efficient Image Transformers), ICML 2021
• CaiT (Going deeper with Image Transformers), ICCV 2021 (Oral)
• ResMLP (ResMLP: Feedforward networks for image classification with data-efficient training)
• PatchConvnet (Augmenting Convolutional networks with attention-based aggregation)

They obtain competitive tradeoffs in terms of speed / precision:

For details see Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention by Hugo Touvron, Matthieu Cord, Matthijs Douze, Francisco Massa, Alexandre Sablayrolles and Hervé Jégou.

If you use this code for a paper please cite:

@InProceedings{pmlr-v139-touvron21a,
  title =     {Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention},
  author =    {Touvron, Hugo and Cord, Matthieu and Douze, Matthijs and Massa, Francisco and Sablayrolles, Alexandre and Jegou, Herve},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Machine Learning},
  pages =     {10347--10357},
  year =      {2021},
  volume =    {139},
  month =     {July}
}

Model Zoo

We provide baseline DeiT models pretrained on ImageNet 2012.

name	acc@1	acc@5	#params	url
DeiT-tiny	72.2	91.1	5M	model
DeiT-small	79.9	95.0	22M	model
DeiT-base	81.8	95.6	86M	model
DeiT-tiny distilled	74.5	91.9	6M	model
DeiT-small distilled	81.2	95.4	22M	model
DeiT-base distilled	83.4	96.5	87M	model
DeiT-base 384	82.9	96.2	87M	model
DeiT-base distilled 384 (1000 epochs)	85.2	97.2	88M	model
CaiT-S24 distilled 384	85.1	97.3	47M	model
CaiT-M48 distilled 448	86.5	97.7	356M	model

The models are also available via torch hub. Before using it, make sure you have the pytorch-image-models package timm==0.3.2 by Ross Wightman installed. Note that our work relies of the augmentations proposed in this library. In particular, the RandAugment and RandErasing augmentations that we invoke are the improved versions from the timm library, which already led the timm authors to report up to 79.35% top-1 accuracy with Imagenet training for their best model, i.e., an improvement of about +1.5% compared to prior art.

To load DeiT-base with pretrained weights on ImageNet simply do:

import torch
# check you have the right version of timm
import timm
assert timm.__version__ == "0.3.2"

# now load it with torchhub
model = torch.hub.load('facebookresearch/deit:main', 'deit_base_patch16_224', pretrained=True)

Additionnally, we provide a Colab notebook which goes over the steps needed to perform inference with DeiT.

Usage

First, clone the repository locally:

git clone https://github.com/facebookresearch/deit.git

Then, install PyTorch 1.7.0+ and torchvision 0.8.1+ and pytorch-image-models 0.3.2:

conda install -c pytorch pytorch torchvision
pip install timm==0.3.2

Data preparation

Download and extract ImageNet train and val images from http://image-net.org/. The directory structure is the standard layout for the torchvision datasets.ImageFolder, and the training and validation data is expected to be in the train/ folder and val folder respectively:

/path/to/imagenet/
  train/
    class1/
      img1.jpeg
    class2/
      img2.jpeg
  val/
    class1/
      img3.jpeg
    class/2
      img4.jpeg

Evaluation

To evaluate a pre-trained DeiT-base on ImageNet val with a single GPU run:

python main.py --eval --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_base_patch16_224-b5f2ef4d.pth --data-path /path/to/imagenet

This should give

* Acc@1 81.846 Acc@5 95.594 loss 0.820

For Deit-small, run:

python main.py --eval --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_small_patch16_224-cd65a155.pth --model deit_small_patch16_224 --data-path /path/to/imagenet

giving

* Acc@1 79.854 Acc@5 94.968 loss 0.881

Note that Deit-small is not the same model as in Timm.

And for Deit-tiny:

python main.py --eval --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_tiny_patch16_224-a1311bcf.pth --model deit_tiny_patch16_224 --data-path /path/to/imagenet

which should give

* Acc@1 72.202 Acc@5 91.124 loss 1.219

Here you'll find the command-lines to reproduce the inference results for the distilled and finetuned models

deit_base_distilled_patch16_224

python main.py --eval --model deit_base_distilled_patch16_224 --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_base_distilled_patch16_224-df68dfff.pth

giving

* Acc@1 83.372 Acc@5 96.482 loss 0.685

deit_small_distilled_patch16_224

python main.py --eval --model deit_small_distilled_patch16_224 --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_small_distilled_patch16_224-649709d9.pth

giving

* Acc@1 81.164 Acc@5 95.376 loss 0.752

deit_tiny_distilled_patch16_224

python main.py --eval --model deit_tiny_distilled_patch16_224 --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_tiny_distilled_patch16_224-b40b3cf7.pth

giving

* Acc@1 74.476 Acc@5 91.920 loss 1.021

deit_base_patch16_384

python main.py --eval --model deit_base_patch16_384 --input-size 384 --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_base_patch16_384-8de9b5d1.pth

giving

* Acc@1 82.890 Acc@5 96.222 loss 0.764

deit_base_distilled_patch16_384

python main.py --eval --model deit_base_distilled_patch16_384 --input-size 384 --resume https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_base_distilled_patch16_384-d0272ac0.pth

giving

* Acc@1 85.224 Acc@5 97.186 loss 0.636

Training

To train DeiT-small and Deit-tiny on ImageNet on a single node with 4 gpus for 300 epochs run:

DeiT-small

python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=4 --use_env main.py --model deit_small_patch16_224 --batch-size 256 --data-path /path/to/imagenet --output_dir /path/to/save

DeiT-tiny

python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=4 --use_env main.py --model deit_tiny_patch16_224 --batch-size 256 --data-path /path/to/imagenet --output_dir /path/to/save

Multinode training

Distributed training is available via Slurm and submitit:

pip install submitit

To train DeiT-base model on ImageNet on 2 nodes with 8 gpus each for 300 epochs:

python run_with_submitit.py --model deit_base_patch16_224 --data-path /path/to/imagenet

To train DeiT-base with hard distillation using a RegNetY-160 as teacher, on 2 nodes with 8 GPUs with 32GB each for 300 epochs (make sure that the model weights for the teacher have been downloaded before to the correct location, to avoid multiple workers writing to the same file):

python run_with_submitit.py --model deit_base_distilled_patch16_224 --distillation-type hard --teacher-model regnety_160 --teacher-path https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/regnety_160-a5fe301d.pth --use_volta32

To finetune a DeiT-base on 384 resolution images for 30 epochs, starting from a DeiT-base trained on 224 resolution images, do (make sure that the weights to the original model have been downloaded before, to avoid multiple workers writing to the same file):

python run_with_submitit.py --model deit_base_patch16_384 --batch-size 32 --finetune https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/deit/deit_base_patch16_224-b5f2ef4d.pth --input-size 384 --use_volta32 --nodes 2 --lr 5e-6 --weight-decay 1e-8 --epochs 30 --min-lr 5e-6

License

This repository is released under the Apache 2.0 license as found in the LICENSE file.

Contributing

We actively welcome your pull requests! Please see CONTRIBUTING.md and CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md for more info.