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# Mysql常用命令 | ||
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## 数据定义语句(DDL) | ||
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### 数据库操作 | ||
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- 登录数据库:mysql -uroot -proot | ||
- 创建数据库:create database test | ||
- 查看所有数据库:show databases | ||
- 使用数据库:use test | ||
- 查看所有数据表:show tables | ||
- 删除数据库:drop database test | ||
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### 表操作 | ||
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- 创建表:create table emp(ename varchar(10),hiredate date,sal decimal(10,2),deptno int(2)) | ||
create table dept(deptno int(2),deptname varchar(10)) | ||
- 查看表的定义:desc emp | ||
- 查看表定义(详细):show create table emp \G | ||
- 删除表:drop table emp | ||
- 修改表字段:alter table emp modify ename varchar(20) | ||
- 添加表字段:alter table emp add column age int(3) | ||
- 删除表字段:alter table emp drop column age | ||
- 字段改名;alter table emp change age age1 int(4) | ||
- 修改表名:alter table emp rename emp1 | ||
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## 数据操纵语句(DML) | ||
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### 插入记录 | ||
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- 指定名称插入:insert into emp (ename,hiredate,sal,deptno) values ('zhangsan','2018-01-01','2000',1) | ||
- 不指定名称插入:insert into emp values ('lisi','2018-01-01','2000',1) | ||
- 批量插入数据:insert into dept values(1,'dept1'),(2,'dept2') | ||
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### 修改记录 | ||
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update emp set sal='4000',deptno=2 where ename='zhangsan' | ||
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### 删除记录 | ||
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delete from emp where ename='zhangsan' | ||
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### 查询记录 | ||
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- 查询所有记录:select * from emp | ||
- 查询不重复的记录:select distinct deptno from emp | ||
- 条件查询:select * from emp where deptno=1 and sal<3000 | ||
- 排序和限制:select * from emp order by deptno desc limit 2 | ||
- 聚合(查询部门人数大于1的部门编号):select deptno,count(1) from emp group by deptno having count(1) > 1 | ||
- 连接查询:select * from emp e left join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno | ||
- 子查询:select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept) | ||
- 记录联合:select deptno from emp union select deptno from dept | ||
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## 数据控制语句(DCL) | ||
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- 授予操作权限:grant select,insert on test.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by '123' | ||
- 收回操作权限:revoke insert on test.* from 'test'@'localhost' | ||
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## 其他 | ||
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### 字符集相关 | ||
- 查看字符集:show variables like 'character%' | ||
- 创建数据库时指定字符集:create database test1 character set utf8 |