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macrozheng committed Dec 11, 2018
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# Mysql常用命令

## 数据定义语句(DDL)

### 数据库操作

- 登录数据库:mysql -uroot -proot
- 创建数据库:create database test
- 查看所有数据库:show databases
- 使用数据库:use test
- 查看所有数据表:show tables
- 删除数据库:drop database test

### 表操作

- 创建表:create table emp(ename varchar(10),hiredate date,sal decimal(10,2),deptno int(2))
create table dept(deptno int(2),deptname varchar(10))
- 查看表的定义:desc emp
- 查看表定义(详细):show create table emp \G
- 删除表:drop table emp
- 修改表字段:alter table emp modify ename varchar(20)
- 添加表字段:alter table emp add column age int(3)
- 删除表字段:alter table emp drop column age
- 字段改名;alter table emp change age age1 int(4)
- 修改表名:alter table emp rename emp1

## 数据操纵语句(DML)

### 插入记录

- 指定名称插入:insert into emp (ename,hiredate,sal,deptno) values ('zhangsan','2018-01-01','2000',1)
- 不指定名称插入:insert into emp values ('lisi','2018-01-01','2000',1)
- 批量插入数据:insert into dept values(1,'dept1'),(2,'dept2')

### 修改记录

update emp set sal='4000',deptno=2 where ename='zhangsan'

### 删除记录

delete from emp where ename='zhangsan'

### 查询记录

- 查询所有记录:select * from emp
- 查询不重复的记录:select distinct deptno from emp
- 条件查询:select * from emp where deptno=1 and sal<3000
- 排序和限制:select * from emp order by deptno desc limit 2
- 聚合(查询部门人数大于1的部门编号):select deptno,count(1) from emp group by deptno having count(1) > 1
- 连接查询:select * from emp e left join dept d on e.deptno=d.deptno
- 子查询:select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from dept)
- 记录联合:select deptno from emp union select deptno from dept

## 数据控制语句(DCL)

- 授予操作权限:grant select,insert on test.* to 'test'@'localhost' identified by '123'
- 收回操作权限:revoke insert on test.* from 'test'@'localhost'

## 其他

### 字符集相关
- 查看字符集:show variables like 'character%'
- 创建数据库时指定字符集:create database test1 character set utf8

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