0x11. C - printf Team Project @ ALX SE Program

Syntax

printf("ControlString", arg1, …, argN);

Lessons Learned

• Prints ControlString to Standard Output (the terminal on a PC, typicaly a UART on microcontrollers) The MPLAB® X IDE Simulator uses the UART1 Output window to display text written to the UART using printf().
• All comma separated parameters are optional except for ControlString
• The argument parameters (arg1 … argN above) can be variables or other data to be embedded within ControlString.
• Placeholders are put in ControlString to indicate where value of an argument parameter should be inserted.
• Placeholders indicate position in string and format to be used in printing data embedded within ControlString.
• printf() requires huge amount of memory. Best used for debugging only unless you need all of its functionality.

Our Pritnf

Usage & Examples

• Prototype int _printf(const char *format, ...);
• Basic String: _printf("%s Alx", "Hello");
  • Output: Hello Alx
• Print integers: _printf("This is an array element: arr[%d]:%c", 32, arr[32]);
  • Output: This is an array element arr[32]:A ##Allowed specifiers and flags:

Specifier	Output	Examples
c	Character	A
d or i	Signed integer	1024, -1024
s	String of characters	Hello World
b	Binary Representation of unsigned integer	01010110
u	unsigned integer	1024
o	Unsigned octal	432
x	Unsigned hexadecimal integer	3ca
X	Unsigned hexadecimal integer (uppercase)	3CA
p	Pointer address	0x403212
r	Reversed string of characters	dlroW olleH
R	ROT13 Translation of string	Uryyb

Project Requirements

General

• Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
• All your files will be compiled on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS using gcc, using the - - options -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89
• All your files should end with a new line
• A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project is mandatory
• Your code should use the Betty style. It will be checked using betty-style.pl and betty-doc.pl
• You are not allowed to use global variables
• No more than 5 functions per file
• In the following examples, the main.c files are shown as examples. You can use them to test your functions, but you don’t have to push them to your repo (if you do we won’t take them into account). We will use our own main.c files at compilation. Our main.c files might be different from the one shown in the examples
• The prototypes of all your functions should be included in your header file called main.h
• Don’t forget to push your header file
• All your header files should be include guarded
• Note that we will not provide the _putchar function for this project

GitHub

• There should be one project repository per group. The other members do not fork or clone the project to ensure only one of the team has the repository in their github account otherwise you risk scorin

Compilation

• Your code will be compiled this way:

$ gcc -Wall -Werror -Wextra -pedantic -std=gnu89 *.c

• As a consequence, be careful not to push any c file containing a main function in the root directory of your project (you could have a test folder containing all your tests files including main functions)
• Our main files will include your main header file (main.h): #include main.h
• You might want to look at the gcc flag -Wno-format when testing with your _printf and the standard printf.

Copyright - Plagiarism

• You are tasked to come up with solutions for the tasks below yourself to meet with the above learning objectives.
• You will not be able to meet the objectives of this or any following project by copying and pasting someone else’s work.
• You are not allowed to publish any content of this project.
• Any form of plagiarism is strictly forbidden and will result in removal from the program.

Project's Tasks

0. I'm not going anywhere. You can print that wherever you want to. I'm here and I'm a Spur for life

• Write a function that produces output according to a format.
• Prototype: int _printf(const char *format, ...);
• Returns: the number of characters printed (excluding the null byte used to end output to strings)
• write output to stdout, the standard output stream
• format is a character string. The format string is composed of zero or more directives. See man 3 printf for more detail. You need to handle the following conversion specifiers:
• c
• s
• %
• You don’t have to reproduce the buffer handling of the C library printf function
• You don’t have to handle the flag characters
• You don’t have to handle field width
• You don’t have to handle precision
• You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

1. Education is when you read the fine print. Experience is what you get if you don't

• Handle the following conversion specifiers:
• d
• i
• You don’t have to handle the flag characters
• You don’t have to handle field width
• You don’t have to handle precision
• You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

2. With a face like mine, I do better in print

• Handle the following custom conversion specifiers:
• b: the unsigned int argument is converted to binary

3. What one has not experienced, one will never understand in print

• Handle the following conversion specifiers:
• u
• oup project
• x
• X
• You don’t have to handle the flag characters
• You don’t have to handle field width
• You don’t have to handle precision
• You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

4. Nothing in fine print is ever good news

• Use a local buffer of 1024 chars in order to call write as little as possible.

5. My weakness is wearing too much leopard print

• Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
• S : prints the string.
• Non printable characters (0 < ASCII value < 32 or >= 127) are printed this way: \x, followed by the ASCII code value in hexadecimal (upper case - always 2 characters)

6. How is the world ruled and led to war? Diplomats lie to journalists and believe these lies when they see them in print

• Handle the following conversion specifier: p.
• You don’t have to handle the flag characters
• You don’t have to handle field width
• You don’t have to handle precision
• You don’t have to handle the length modifiers

7. The big print gives and the small print takes away

• Handle the following flag characters for non-custom conversion specifiers:
• +
• space
• #

8. Sarcasm is lost in print

• Handle the following length modifiers for non-custom conversion specifiers:
• l
• h
• Conversion specifiers to handle: d, i, u, o, x, X

9. Print some money and give it to us for the rain forests

• Handle the field width for non-custom conversion specifiers.

10. The negative is the equivalent of the composer's score, and the print the performance

• Handle the precision for non-custom conversion specifiers.

11. It's depressing when you're still around and your albums are out of print

• Handle the 0 flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

12. Every time that I wanted to give up, if I saw an interesting textile, print what ever, suddenly I would see a collection

• Handle the - flag character for non-custom conversion specifiers.

13. Print is the sharpest and the strongest weapon of our party

• Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
• r : prints the reversed string

14. The flood of print has turned reading into a process of gulping rather than savoring

• Handle the following custom conversion specifier:
• R: prints the rot13'ed string

15. *

• All the above options work well together.

Authors:

Abubakr Nasir: @DevBekoDev

Sahar Bashari: @Saharbashari0

#DoHardThings