Move std::{reflect,repr,Poly} to a libdebug crate

This commit moves reflection (as well as the {:?} format modifier) to a new
libdebug crate, all of which is marked experimental.

This is a breaking change because it now requires the debug crate to be
explicitly linked if the :? format qualifier is used. This means that any code
using this feature will have to add `extern crate debug;` to the top of the
crate. Any code relying on reflection will also need to do this.

Closes rust-lang#12019

[breaking-change]

mk/crates.mk

@@ -51,24 +51,25 @@
 
 TARGET_CRATES := libc std green rustuv native flate arena glob term semver \
                  uuid serialize sync getopts collections num test time rand \
-		 workcache url log regex graphviz core rlibc alloc
+		 workcache url log regex graphviz core rlibc alloc debug
 HOST_CRATES := syntax rustc rustdoc fourcc hexfloat regex_macros fmt_macros
 CRATES := $(TARGET_CRATES) $(HOST_CRATES)
 TOOLS := compiletest rustdoc rustc
 
 DEPS_core :=
 DEPS_rlibc :=
 DEPS_alloc := core libc native:jemalloc
+DEPS_debug := std
 DEPS_std := core libc alloc native:rustrt native:backtrace
 DEPS_graphviz := std
 DEPS_green := std rand native:context_switch
 DEPS_rustuv := std native:uv native:uv_support
 DEPS_native := std
-DEPS_syntax := std term serialize collections log fmt_macros
+DEPS_syntax := std term serialize collections log fmt_macros debug
 DEPS_rustc := syntax native:rustllvm flate arena serialize sync getopts \
-              collections time log graphviz
+              collections time log graphviz debug
 DEPS_rustdoc := rustc native:hoedown serialize sync getopts collections \
-                test time
+                test time debug
 DEPS_flate := std native:miniz
 DEPS_arena := std collections
 DEPS_graphviz := std
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ DEPS_semver := std
 DEPS_uuid := std serialize rand
 DEPS_sync := std alloc
 DEPS_getopts := std
-DEPS_collections := std rand
+DEPS_collections := std rand debug
 DEPS_fourcc := syntax std
 DEPS_hexfloat := syntax std
 DEPS_num := std rand

src/doc/guide-container.md

@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ for (x, y) in it {
 }
 
 // yield and print the last pair from the iterator
-println!("last: {:?}", it.next());
+println!("last: {}", it.next());
 
 // the iterator is now fully consumed
 assert!(it.next().is_none());
@@ -349,9 +349,9 @@ returning another `DoubleEndedIterator` with `next` and `next_back` exchanged.
 ~~~
 let xs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
 let mut it = xs.iter();
-println!("{:?}", it.next()); // prints `Some(&1)`
-println!("{:?}", it.next()); // prints `Some(&2)`
-println!("{:?}", it.next_back()); // prints `Some(&6)`
+println!("{}", it.next()); // prints `Some(1)`
+println!("{}", it.next()); // prints `Some(2)`
+println!("{}", it.next_back()); // prints `Some(6)`
 
 // prints `5`, `4` and `3`
 for &x in it.rev() {
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ let xs = [1, 2, 3, 4];
 let ys = [5, 6, 7, 8];
 let mut it = xs.iter().chain(ys.iter()).map(|&x| x * 2);
 
-println!("{:?}", it.next()); // prints `Some(2)`
+println!("{}", it.next()); // prints `Some(2)`
 
 // prints `16`, `14`, `12`, `10`, `8`, `6`, `4`
 for x in it.rev() {
@@ -398,17 +398,17 @@ underlying iterators are.
 let xs = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 let ys = ~[7, 9, 11];
 let mut it = xs.iter().chain(ys.iter());
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(0)); // prints `Some(&1)`
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(5)); // prints `Some(&7)`
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(7)); // prints `Some(&11)`
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(8)); // prints `None`
+println!("{}", it.idx(0)); // prints `Some(1)`
+println!("{}", it.idx(5)); // prints `Some(7)`
+println!("{}", it.idx(7)); // prints `Some(11)`
+println!("{}", it.idx(8)); // prints `None`
 
 // yield two elements from the beginning, and one from the end
 it.next();
 it.next();
 it.next_back();
 
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(0)); // prints `Some(&3)`
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(4)); // prints `Some(&9)`
-println!("{:?}", it.idx(6)); // prints `None`
+println!("{}", it.idx(0)); // prints `Some(3)`
+println!("{}", it.idx(4)); // prints `Some(9)`
+println!("{}", it.idx(6)); // prints `None`
 ~~~

src/doc/guide-pointers.md

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ you were writing this Rust code:
 
 ~~~rust
 # fn transform(p: Point) -> Point { p }
+#[deriving(Show)]
 struct Point {
     x: int,
     y: int,
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ struct Point {
 fn main() {
     let p0 = Point { x: 5, y: 10};
     let p1 = transform(p0);
-    println!("{:?}", p1);
+    println!("{}", p1);
 }
 
 ~~~
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ let p1 = transform(&p0);
 This does work, but you don't need to create those references! The better way to write this is simply:
 
 ~~~rust
+#[deriving(Show)]
 struct Point {
     x: int,
     y: int,
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ fn transform(p: Point) -> Point {
 fn main() {
     let p0 = Point { x: 5, y: 10};
     let p1 = transform(p0);
-    println!("{:?}", p1);
+    println!("{}", p1);
 }
 ~~~
 
@@ -182,15 +184,15 @@ trait. Therefore, unboxed traits don't make any sense, and aren't allowed.
 Sometimes, you need a recursive data structure. The simplest is known as a 'cons list':
 
 ~~~rust
-
+#[deriving(Show)]
 enum List<T> {
     Nil,
     Cons(T, Box<List<T>>),
 }
 
 fn main() {
     let list: List<int> = Cons(1, box Cons(2, box Cons(3, box Nil)));
-    println!("{:?}", list);
+    println!("{}", list);
 }
 ~~~
 
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ fn main() {
     let origin =    @Point { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 };
     let p1     = box Point { x: 5.0, y: 3.0 };
 
-    println!("{:?}", compute_distance(origin, p1));
+    println!("{}", compute_distance(origin, p1));
 }
 ~~~
 
@@ -385,11 +387,11 @@ fn main() {
     let mut x = box 5;
     if *x < 10 {
         let y = &x;
-        println!("Oh no: {:?}", y);
+        println!("Oh no: {}", y);
         return;
     }
     *x -= 1;
-    println!("Oh no: {:?}", x);
+    println!("Oh no: {}", x);
 }
 ~~~
 
@@ -404,11 +406,11 @@ fn main() {
         let y = &x;
         *x -= 1;
 
-        println!("Oh no: {:?}", y);
+        println!("Oh no: {}", y);
         return;
     }
     *x -= 1;
-    println!("Oh no: {:?}", x);
+    println!("Oh no: {}", x);
 }
 ~~~
 

src/doc/guide-tasks.md

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ fn fib(n: u64) -> u64 {
 
 let mut delayed_fib = sync::Future::spawn(proc() fib(50));
 make_a_sandwich();
-println!("fib(50) = {:?}", delayed_fib.get())
+println!("fib(50) = {}", delayed_fib.get())
 # }
 ~~~
 

src/doc/tutorial.md

@@ -405,14 +405,20 @@ will often see in examples, and its related family of macros: `print!`,
 that [printf][pf] has. Unlike printf, `format!` will give you a compile-time
 error when the types of the directives don't match the types of the arguments.
 
-~~~~
-# let mystery_object = ();
-
+~~~
 // `{}` will print the "default format" of a type
 println!("{} is {}", "the answer", 43);
+~~~
 
-// `{:?}` will conveniently print any type
+~~~~
+extern crate debug;
+
+# fn main() {
+# let mystery_object = ();
+// `{:?}` will conveniently print any type,
+// but requires the `debug` crate to be linked in
 println!("what is this thing: {:?}", mystery_object);
+# }
 ~~~~
 
 [pf]: http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/c/fprintf
@@ -698,8 +704,8 @@ When an enum has simple integer discriminators, you can apply the `as` cast
 operator to convert a variant to its discriminator value as an `int`:
 
 ~~~~
-# enum Direction { North }
-println!( "{:?} => {}", North, North as int );
+# #[deriving(Show)] enum Direction { North }
+println!( "{} => {}", North, North as int );
 ~~~~
 
 It is possible to set the discriminator values to chosen constant values:
@@ -2228,7 +2234,7 @@ method.
 ~~~~
 # trait Printable { fn print(&self); }
 impl Printable for int {
-    fn print(&self) { println!("{:?}", *self) }
+    fn print(&self) { println!("{}", *self) }
 }
 
 impl Printable for String {
@@ -2253,11 +2259,11 @@ types to be exactly as it is for `int`, above:
 ~~~~
 # trait Printable { fn print(&self); }
 impl Printable for f32 {
-    fn print(&self) { println!("{:?}", *self) }
+    fn print(&self) { println!("{}", *self) }
 }
 
 impl Printable for bool {
-    fn print(&self) { println!("{:?}", *self) }
+    fn print(&self) { println!("{}", *self) }
 }
 
 # true.print();
@@ -2270,8 +2276,11 @@ definition of `print` right in the trait definition, instead of just
 giving its signature.  That is, we can write the following:
 
 ~~~~
+extern crate debug;
+
+# fn main() {
 trait Printable {
-	// Default method implementation
+    // Default method implementation
     fn print(&self) { println!("{:?}", *self) }
 }
 
@@ -2289,6 +2298,7 @@ impl Printable for f32 {}
 # ("foo".to_string()).print();
 # true.print();
 # 3.14159.print();
+# }
 ~~~~
 
 Here, the impls of `Printable` for `int`, `bool`, and `f32` don't

src/liballoc/lib.rs

@@ -74,8 +74,10 @@
 extern crate core;
 extern crate libc;
 
+
 // Allow testing this library
 
+#[cfg(test)] extern crate debug;
 #[cfg(test)] extern crate sync;
 #[cfg(test)] extern crate native;
 #[cfg(test)] #[phase(syntax, link)] extern crate std;

src/libcollections/lib.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #![deny(deprecated_owned_vector)]
 
 extern crate rand;
+extern crate debug;
 
 #[cfg(test)] extern crate test;
 #[cfg(test)] #[phase(syntax, link)] extern crate log;

src/libcore/ops.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
  * demonstrates adding and subtracting two `Point`s.
  *
  * ```rust
+ * #[deriving(Show)]
  * struct Point {
  *     x: int,
  *     y: int
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@
  *     }
  * }
  * fn main() {
- *     println!("{:?}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} + Point {x: 2, y: 3});
- *     println!("{:?}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} - Point {x: 2, y: 3});
+ *     println!("{}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} + Point {x: 2, y: 3});
+ *     println!("{}", Point {x: 1, y: 0} - Point {x: 2, y: 3});
  * }
  * ```
  *

src/libcore/slice.rs

@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ pub trait ImmutableVector<'a, T> {
      * ```rust
      * let v = &[1,2,3,4];
      * for win in v.windows(2) {
-     *     println!("{:?}", win);
+     *     println!("{}", win);
      * }
      * ```
      *
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ pub trait ImmutableVector<'a, T> {
      * ```rust
      * let v = &[1,2,3,4,5];
      * for win in v.chunks(2) {
-     *     println!("{:?}", win);
+     *     println!("{}", win);
      * }
      * ```
      *

src/libdebug/fmt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2014 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! Implementation of the `{:?}` format qualifier
+//!
+//! This module contains the `Poly` trait which is used to implement the `{:?}`
+//! format expression in formatting macros. This trait is defined for all types
+//! automatically, so it is likely not necessary to use this module manually
+
+use std::fmt;
+
+use repr;
+
+/// Format trait for the `?` character
+pub trait Poly {
+    /// Formats the value using the given formatter.
+    #[experimental]
+    fn fmt(&self, &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result;
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn secret_poly<T: Poly>(x: &T, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+    // FIXME #11938 - UFCS would make us able call the this method
+    //                directly Poly::fmt(x, fmt).
+    x.fmt(fmt)
+}
+
+impl<T> Poly for T {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match (f.width, f.precision) {
+            (None, None) => {
+                match repr::write_repr(f, self) {
+                    Ok(()) => Ok(()),
+                    Err(..) => Err(fmt::WriteError),
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If we have a specified width for formatting, then we have to make
+            // this allocation of a new string
+            _ => {
+                let s = repr::repr_to_str(self);
+                f.pad(s.as_slice())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}