Real-Time Patient Monitoring App

Overview

This project is a real-time patient monitoring system that uses sensors connected to an Arduino to collect vital signs such as heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2). The Arduino sends the data to a PC via Bluetooth, where the data is processed, visualized, and analyzed using a Python application. The app also includes features like anomaly detection (e.g., abnormal heart rate) and alerts.

Features

• Sensor Integration: Collects data from various health sensors like a heart rate monitor (Pulse Sensor) and pulse oximeter (MAX30100/MAX30102).
• Wireless Communication: Uses Bluetooth to wirelessly transmit sensor data from the Arduino to a PC.
• Real-Time Data Visualization: Plots real-time graphs of vital signs such as heart rate and SpO2 using Python.
• Anomaly Detection: Detects abnormal readings (e.g., high or low heart rate) and triggers alerts.
• Data Logging: Stores historical data in a local SQLite database for further analysis.

Hardware Requirements

• Arduino: Any Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno, Nano) with Bluetooth capabilities.
• Option 1: Arduino + Bluetooth module (HC-05 or HC-06).
• Option 2: Arduino Nano 33 BLE (has built-in Bluetooth).
• Pulse Oximeter Sensor: MAX30100, MAX30102, or MAX30105.
• Heart Rate Sensor: Pulse Sensor (or equivalent heart rate monitor).
• Bluetooth-Enabled PC: To receive the data from Arduino wirelessly.
• Optional Sensors: Temperature sensor (e.g., DHT11/DHT22).

Software Requirements

• Arduino IDE: To upload code to the Arduino.
• Python: Version 3.x installed on your PC.
• Python Libraries:
  • pyserial: For Bluetooth communication.
  • matplotlib: For real-time data visualization.
  • sqlite3: For data storage.
  • tkinter: For the graphical user interface (GUI).

Install Python Dependencies:

Install the required Python libraries by running:

pip install pyserial matplotlib sqlite3 tkinter

Wiring Guide

Pulse Oximeter (MAX30100/MAX30102)

• VCC → 3.3V (or 5V) on Arduino.
• GND → Ground on Arduino.
• SCL → SCL on Arduino (A5 on Uno/Nano).
• SDA → SDA on Arduino (A4 on Uno/Nano).

Heart Rate Sensor (Pulse Sensor)

• VCC → 3.3V (or 5V) on Arduino.
• GND → Ground.
• Signal → A0 (Analog input).

Bluetooth Module (HC-05/HC-06)

• VCC → 5V on Arduino.
• GND → Ground.
• TXD → RX (Pin 0) on Arduino (use a voltage divider for 3.3V logic).
• RXD → TX (Pin 1) on Arduino.

Installation & Setup

1. Arduino Setup
   1. Connect the sensors and Bluetooth module to the Arduino as per the wiring guide.
   2. Upload the Arduino Code:
      • Open the provided Arduino sketch (arduino_code.ino) in the Arduino IDE.
      • Replace the sensor addresses/UUIDs if required (e.g., for MAX30100 sensor).
      • Upload the code to the Arduino.
   3. Pair the Bluetooth Module with Your PC:
   • Pair the Bluetooth module (HC-05/HC-06) with your PC via Bluetooth Settings.
   • Take note of the COM port assigned to the Bluetooth module (Windows) or the /dev/tty device (Linux/macOS).

#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include "MAX30100_PulseOximeter.h"  // Library for MAX30100 sensor
#define REPORTING_PERIOD_MS 1000  // Report every 1 second

PulseOximeter pox;

void setup() {
    Serial.begin(9600);  // Initialize serial for debugging
    Serial1.begin(9600); // Initialize Bluetooth serial

    if (!pox.begin()) {
        Serial.println("Failed to initialize sensor");
        while (true);
    }

    pox.setOnBeatDetectedCallback(onBeatDetected);
}

void loop() {
    pox.update();
    if (millis() - lastReportTime > REPORTING_PERIOD_MS) {
        lastReportTime = millis();
        float heartRate = pox.getHeartRate();
        float SpO2 = pox.getSpO2();
        Serial1.print("Heart Rate: ");
        Serial1.print(heartRate);
        Serial1.print(" BPM, SpO2: ");
        Serial1.print(SpO2);
        Serial1.println(" %");
    }
}

void onBeatDetected() {
    Serial.println("Beat detected!");
}

2. Python Application Setup

   1. Clone or Download this repository on your PC.
   2. Edit the Bluetooth Port:
   • In the Python application (app.py), update the BLUETOOTH_PORT variable with the correct port for your Bluetooth module.
     • Example for Windows: COM3.
     • Example for Linux/macOS: /dev/tty.HC-05-DevB.

   3. Run the Application:

      Run the Python application to start reading data from the Arduino:

python app.py

Project Structure

• patient_monitoring_app/
• │
• ├── app.py # Main application entry point
• ├── sensor.py # Sensor communication via Bluetooth
• ├── data_processing.py # Data processing and anomaly detection
• ├── visualization.py # Real-time data visualization with matplotlib
• ├── database.py # Database interaction (SQLite)
• └── gui.py # Graphical User Interface (Tkinter)

File Descriptions:

• app.py: Coordinates all the modules (sensor reading, data processing, visualization, and GUI).
• sensor.py: Handles Bluetooth communication to receive sensor data from Arduino.
• data_processing.py: Contains functions to process heart rate and SpO2 data, and detect anomalies.
• visualization.py: Visualizes heart rate and SpO2 data in real time using matplotlib.
• database.py: Logs sensor data into an SQLite database for historical analysis.
• gui.py: Manages the user interface (Tkinter) to display real-time data and alerts.

How It Works

1. Arduino:
   • The Arduino collects heart rate and SpO2 data from the sensors and sends it over Bluetooth.
2. Python Application:
   • Bluetooth Communication: Python receives data from the Arduino via Bluetooth using pyserial.
   • Data Processing: The received data is processed and checked for anomalies (e.g., heart rate too high or low).
   • Visualization: The app plots real-time graphs of heart rate and SpO2 data using matplotlib.
   • Alerts: Alerts are displayed if any anomalies are detected in the sensor readings.
   • Data Logging: All the sensor data is logged into an SQLite database for later analysis.

Usage

1. Launch the Arduino with the sensors connected and Bluetooth module powered on.
2. Pair the Arduino's Bluetooth module (HC-05 or HC-06) with your PC.
3. Run the Python Application to start monitoring the vital signs in real-time.
   • The data will be displayed in the GUI, and alerts will trigger if abnormal values are detected.
4. View Historical Data: Historical sensor data is saved in an SQLite database for future analysis.

##Troubleshooting

• No Data on Python Application: Ensure that the correct Bluetooth COM port is set in the app.py file. Verify that the Arduino is paired and sending data correctly.
• Invalid Sensor Readings: Double-check wiring and sensor connections on the Arduino. Ensure the correct libraries are installed on the Arduino for the sensor.
• Bluetooth Issues: Try resetting the Bluetooth module or re-pairing the device if the connection is unstable.

Future Improvements

• Add more sensors: Extend the project by adding temperature, ECG, or other vital sign sensors.
• Cloud Integration: Upload data to the cloud for remote monitoring.
• Mobile App: Develop a mobile app to receive and display the sensor data wirelessly.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.

Contributors

Carolina Guinart