Reject streams that set ->drr_payloadlen to unreasonably large values

In the zstream code, Coverity reported:

"The argument could be controlled by an attacker, who could invoke the
function with arbitrary values (for example, a very high or negative
buffer size)."

It did not report this in the kernel. This is likely because the
userspace code stored this in an int before passing it into the
allocator, while the kernel code stored it in a uint32_t.

However, this did reveal a potentially real problem. On 32-bit systems
and systems with only 4GB of physical memory or less in general, it is
possible to pass a large enough value that the system will hang. Even
worse, on Linux systems, the kernel memory allocator is not able to
support allocations up to the maximum 4GB allocation size that this
allows.

This had already been limited in userspace to 64MB by
`ZFS_SENDRECV_MAX_NVLIST`, but we need a hard limit in the kernel to
protect systems. After some discussion, we settle on 256MB as a hard
upper limit. Attempting to receive a stream that requires more memory
than that will result in E2BIG being returned to user space.

Reported-by: Coverity (CID-1529836)
Reported-by: Coverity (CID-1529837)
Reported-by: Coverity (CID-1529838)
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <[email protected]>
Closes openzfs#14285

cmd/zstream/zstream_decompress.c

@@ -179,7 +179,10 @@ zstream_do_decompress(int argc, char *argv[])
 			VERIFY0(begin++);
 			seen = B_TRUE;
 
-			int sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+			uint32_t sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+
+			VERIFY3U(sz, <=, 1U << 28);
+
 			if (sz != 0) {
 				if (sz > bufsz) {
 					buf = realloc(buf, sz);

cmd/zstream/zstream_recompress.c

@@ -160,7 +160,10 @@ zstream_do_recompress(int argc, char *argv[])
 			VERIFY0(begin++);
 			seen = B_TRUE;
 
-			int sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+			uint32_t sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+
+			VERIFY3U(sz, <=, 1U << 28);
+
 			if (sz != 0) {
 				if (sz > bufsz) {
 					buf = realloc(buf, sz);

cmd/zstream/zstream_redup.c

@@ -254,7 +254,10 @@ zfs_redup_stream(int infd, int outfd, boolean_t verbose)
 			/* cppcheck-suppress syntaxError */
 			DMU_SET_FEATUREFLAGS(drrb->drr_versioninfo, fflags);
 
-			int sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+			uint32_t sz = drr->drr_payloadlen;
+
+			VERIFY3U(sz, <=, 1U << 28);
+
 			if (sz != 0) {
 				if (sz > bufsz) {
 					free(buf);

lib/libzfs/libzfs_sendrecv.c

@@ -5197,6 +5197,14 @@ zfs_receive_one(libzfs_handle_t *hdl, int infd, const char *tosnap,
 			    destsnap);
 			*cp = '@';
 			break;
+		case E2BIG:
+			zfs_error_aux(hdl, dgettext(TEXT_DOMAIN,
+			    "zfs receive required kernel memory allocation "
+			    "larger than the system can support. Please file "
+			    "an issue at the OpenZFS issue tracker:\n"
+			    "https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/new"));
+			(void) zfs_error(hdl, EZFS_BADSTREAM, errbuf);
+			break;
 		case EBUSY:
 			if (hastoken) {
 				zfs_error_aux(hdl, dgettext(TEXT_DOMAIN,

module/zfs/dmu_recv.c

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2022 Axcient.
  */
 
+#include <sys/arc.h>
 #include <sys/spa_impl.h>
 #include <sys/dmu.h>
 #include <sys/dmu_impl.h>
@@ -1246,19 +1247,29 @@ dmu_recv_begin(char *tofs, char *tosnap, dmu_replay_record_t *drr_begin,
 
 	uint32_t payloadlen = drc->drc_drr_begin->drr_payloadlen;
 	void *payload = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since OpenZFS 2.0.0, we have enforced a 64MB limit in userspace
+	 * configurable via ZFS_SENDRECV_MAX_NVLIST. We enforce 256MB as a hard
+	 * upper limit. Systems with less than 1GB of RAM will see a lower
+	 * limit from `arc_all_memory() / 4`.
+	 */
+	if (payloadlen > (MIN((1U << 28), arc_all_memory() / 4)))
+		return (E2BIG);
+
 	if (payloadlen != 0)
-		payload = kmem_alloc(payloadlen, KM_SLEEP);
+		payload = vmem_alloc(payloadlen, KM_SLEEP);
 
 	err = receive_read_payload_and_next_header(drc, payloadlen,
 	    payload);
 	if (err != 0) {
-		kmem_free(payload, payloadlen);
+		vmem_free(payload, payloadlen);
 		return (err);
 	}
 	if (payloadlen != 0) {
 		err = nvlist_unpack(payload, payloadlen, &drc->drc_begin_nvl,
 		    KM_SLEEP);
-		kmem_free(payload, payloadlen);
+		vmem_free(payload, payloadlen);
 		if (err != 0) {
 			kmem_free(drc->drc_next_rrd,
 			    sizeof (*drc->drc_next_rrd));