Add version/local scheme fields to vcs_version (pantsbuild#20446)

This change adds the `version_scheme` and `local_scheme` fields to
`vcs_verison` target to be passed through to the config.

src/python/pants/backend/python/target_types.py

@@ -1674,11 +1674,33 @@ class VersionTemplateField(StringField):
     )
 
 
+class VersionVersionSchemeField(StringField):
+    alias = "version_scheme"
+    help = help_text(
+        """
+        The version scheme to configure `setuptools_scm` to use.
+        See https://setuptools-scm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/extending/#available-implementations
+        """
+    )
+
+
+class VersionLocalSchemeField(StringField):
+    alias = "local_scheme"
+    help = help_text(
+        """
+        The local scheme to configure `setuptools_scm` to use.
+        See https://setuptools-scm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/extending/#available-implementations_1
+        """
+    )
+
+
 class VCSVersion(Target):
     alias = "vcs_version"
     core_fields = (
         *COMMON_TARGET_FIELDS,
         VersionTagRegexField,
+        VersionVersionSchemeField,
+        VersionLocalSchemeField,
         VCSVersionDummySourceField,
         VersionGenerateToField,
         VersionTemplateField,

src/python/pants/backend/python/util_rules/vcs_versioning.py

@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@
     VCSVersion,
     VCSVersionDummySourceField,
     VersionGenerateToField,
+    VersionLocalSchemeField,
     VersionTagRegexField,
     VersionTemplateField,
+    VersionVersionSchemeField,
 )
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.pex import PexRequest, VenvPex, VenvPexProcess
 from pants.core.util_rules.stripped_source_files import StrippedFileName, StrippedFileNameRequest
@@ -78,9 +80,12 @@ async def generate_python_from_setuptools_scm(
     # directory" and "where should I write output to".
     config: dict[str, dict[str, dict[str, str]]] = {}
     tool_config = config.setdefault("tool", {}).setdefault("setuptools_scm", {})
-    tag_regex = request.protocol_target[VersionTagRegexField].value
-    if tag_regex:
+    if tag_regex := request.protocol_target[VersionTagRegexField].value:
         tool_config["tag_regex"] = tag_regex
+    if version_scheme := request.protocol_target[VersionVersionSchemeField].value:
+        tool_config["version_scheme"] = version_scheme
+    if local_scheme := request.protocol_target[VersionLocalSchemeField].value:
+        tool_config["local_scheme"] = local_scheme
     config_path = "pyproject.synthetic.toml"
 
     input_digest_get = Get(