title	permalink
Benchmark	/

JSON documents - Serialization formats - Results - Running locally - GitHub

A large-scale space-efficiency benchmark of JSON-compatible binary serialization formats (with and without compression) involving representative real-world JSON documents.

JSON documents

This size benchmark utilizes representative real-world JSON documents adapted from the open-source Apache-2.0 SchemaStore's test suite. All the JSON documents used in this benchmark are described in the table below. The type column is based on JSON BinPack's JSON Stats online tool.

Name	Type	Document	SchemaStore
CircleCI Definition (Blank)	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes numeric non-redundant flat	Link	Link
CircleCI Matrix Definition	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes numeric non-redundant nested	Link	Link
CommitLint Configuration	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes textual redundant nested	Link	Link
CommitLint Configuration (Basic)	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes boolean non-redundant flat	Link	Link
Entry Point Regulation Manifest	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes textual redundant nested	Link	Link
ESLint Configuration Document	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes numeric redundant flat	Link	Link
ECMAScript Module Loader Definition	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes boolean non-redundant flat	Link	Link
GeoJSON Example Document	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes numeric redundant nested	Link	Link
GitHub FUNDING Sponsorship Definition (Empty)	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes boolean redundant flat	Link	Link
GitHub Workflow Definition	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes textual non-redundant nested	Link	Link
Grunt.js Clean Task Definition	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes textual redundant flat	Link	Link
ImageOptimizer Azure Webjob Configuration	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes textual non-redundant nested	Link	Link
JSON-e Templating Engine Reverse Sort Example	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes numeric redundant nested	Link	Link
JSON-e Templating Engine Sort Example	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes numeric redundant flat	Link	Link
JSON Feed Example Document	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes textual non-redundant flat	Link	Link
JSON Resume Example	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes textual non-redundant nested	Link	Link
.NET Core Project	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes textual redundant nested	Link	Link
Nightwatch.js Test Framework Configuration	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes boolean redundant flat	Link	Link
OpenWeatherMap API Example Document	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes numeric non-redundant flat	Link	Link
OpenWeather Road Risk API Example	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes numeric non-redundant nested	Link	Link
NPM Package.json Example Manifest	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes textual non-redundant flat	Link	Link
NPM Package.json Linter Configuration Manifest	tier 3 minified >= 1000 bytes textual redundant flat	Link	Link
SAP Cloud SDK Continuous Delivery Toolkit Configuration	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes boolean redundant flat	Link	Link
TravisCI Notifications Configuration	tier 2 minified >= 100 < 1000 bytes textual redundant flat	Link	Link
TSLint Linter Definition (Basic)	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes boolean non-redundant nested	Link	Link
TSLint Linter Definition (Extends Only)	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes textual non-redundant flat	Link	Link
TSLint Linter Definition (Multi-rule)	tier 1 minified < 100 bytes boolean redundant nested	Link	Link

Serialization formats

This benchmark involves the serialization formats, implementations, and encodings described in the table below.

Serialization Format	Implementation	Version	Encodings
ASN.1	ASN-1Step	10.0.2	PER Unaligned
Apache Avro	Python avro (pip)	1.10.0	Binary Encoding with no framing
Microsoft Bond	C++	9.0.4	Compact Binary v1
BSON	Node.js bson (npm)	4.2.2
Cap'n Proto	capnp	0.8.0	Packed and Binary
CBOR	Python cbor2 (pip)	5.1.2
FlatBuffers	flatc	1.12.0	Binary Wire Format
FlexBuffers	flatc	1.12.0	Binary Wire Format
MessagePack	msgpack-tools	0.6
Protocol Buffers	Python protobuf (pip)	3.15.3	Binary Wire Format
Smile	Clojure cheshire	5.10.0
Apache Thrift	Python thrift (pip)	0.13.0	Compact Protocol
UBJSON	Python py-ubjson (pip)	0.16.1

Results

CircleCI Definition (Blank)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	4	24	23	27
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	4	24	23	26
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	10	25	29	28
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	24	32	41	33
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	6	26	25	29
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	20	32	39	35
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	5	25	24	27
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	10	25	29	28
JSON	None	14	34	33	38
BSON	None	18	36	37	39
CBOR	None	10	30	29	34
FlexBuffers	None	18	38	37	41
MessagePack	None	10	30	29	34
Smile	None	15	35	34	39
UBJSON	None	13	33	32	37

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	10.4	8	20	7.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	26.6	25	8	3.2
LZ4 (compression level 9)	29.1	27	18	6.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	29.1	28	9	3.0

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	14	14	8	3.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	33.7	34	8	3.0
LZ4 (compression level 9)	33	33	8	3.3
LZMA (compression level 9)	37.3	38	7	2.6

CircleCI Matrix Definition

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	18	36	37	38
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	15	32	34	36
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	30	43	49	45
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	96	56	72	54
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	36	49	54	50
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	104	82	104	77
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	7	27	26	30
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	26	43	45	46
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	28	39	47	42
JSON	None	95	99	112	101
BSON	None	136	123	150	121
CBOR	None	72	89	91	90
FlexBuffers	None	157	134	151	131
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	66	85	85	88
MessagePack	None	72	90	91	92
Smile	None	87	104	106	105
UBJSON	None	92	103	111	104

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	40	28	97	33.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	45.2	43	55	15.4
LZ4 (compression level 9)	52	47	78	22.2
LZMA (compression level 9)	46.4	45	47	12.8

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	97.4	87	91	32.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	104	103	49	17.1
LZ4 (compression level 9)	112.1	106	66	25.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	104.4	104	43	15.2

CommitLint Configuration

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	50	48	55	52
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	40	41	49	45
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	63	56	62	60
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	152	75	96	73
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	76	67	75	71
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	156	95	122	91
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	20	40	39	43
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	62	60	70	63
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	59	53	59	57
JSON	None	96	80	86	83
BSON	None	147	97	112	97
CBOR	None	74	67	76	70
FlexBuffers	None	90	97	105	99
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	60	72	75	76
MessagePack	None	74	68	76	71
Smile	None	84	76	82	80
UBJSON	None	93	79	86	83

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	75.3	62	136	44.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	59.4	56	55	16.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	69.7	62	83	24.1
LZMA (compression level 9)	61.7	60	48	14.2

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	88.9	84	87	25.9
GZIP (compression level 9)	79.4	76	30	11.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	87.4	82	37	13.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	82.3	80	29	10.8

CommitLint Configuration (Basic)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	1	21	20	24
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	1	21	20	24
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	3	23	22	26
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	24	31	41	31
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	6	26	25	29
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	20	31	39	34
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	0	20	15	23
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	0	20	15	23
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	2	22	21	25
JSON	None	25	45	44	49
BSON	None	22	41	41	44
CBOR	None	17	37	36	41
FlexBuffers	None	25	45	44	49
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	17	37	36	41
MessagePack	None	17	37	36	41
Smile	None	22	42	41	47
UBJSON	None	19	39	38	43

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	6.3	2	24	8.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	23.9	22	11	4.2
LZ4 (compression level 9)	24.2	21	26	9.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	26.6	25	11	3.7

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	19.9	19	8	2.9
GZIP (compression level 9)	39.7	39	8	2.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	38.9	38	8	2.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	43.7	43	8	3.0

Entry Point Regulation Manifest

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	231	180	208	175
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	195	168	197	167
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	262	199	225	191
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	536	261	326	233
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	318	255	280	241
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	504	290	369	273
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	182	171	201	170
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	247	196	222	189
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	251	192	220	186
JSON	None	520	264	332	272
BSON	None	564	304	378	299
CBOR	None	412	248	306	246
FlexBuffers	None	429	355	417	342
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	321	282	318	274
MessagePack	None	412	262	307	254
Smile	None	356	266	311	261
UBJSON	None	469	272	326	265

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	302.9	251	354	122.0
GZIP (compression level 9)	212.4	196	122	41.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	249.8	222	172	57.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	202.8	189	106	35.0

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	423.3	412	243	72.9
GZIP (compression level 9)	284.1	272	107	33.2
LZ4 (compression level 9)	337.6	318	111	39.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	277.3	265	96	30.7

ESLint Configuration Document

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	65	81	84	83
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	100	93	107	91
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	194	184	212	180
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	216	136	181	128
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	131	130	141	129
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	320	228	305	217
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	64	80	83	83
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	161	164	180	155
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	150	110	132	109
JSON	None	1141	488	703	521
BSON	None	1184	512	727	539
CBOR	None	979	504	717	544
FlexBuffers	None	1201	635	824	636
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	969	511	710	538
MessagePack	None	971	525	712	546
Smile	None	979	544	724	565
UBJSON	None	1070	550	771	563

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	155.7	150	256	76.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	134	130	148	47.4
LZ4 (compression level 9)	158.3	141	222	66.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	130.6	128	134	43.6

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	1050.4	979	232	95.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	540.1	525	131	41.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	740.7	724	114	39.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	561.6	546	98	32.0

ECMAScript Module Loader Definition

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	12	32	31	35
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	16	36	35	39
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	29	49	48	54
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	80	68	82	67
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	35	55	54	59
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	80	77	94	74
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	12	32	31	35
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	23	43	42	47
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	24	44	43	48
JSON	None	102	101	117	103
BSON	None	96	101	115	105
CBOR	None	64	81	83	82
FlexBuffers	None	91	107	110	109
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	64	80	83	84
MessagePack	None	64	82	83	85
Smile	None	70	87	89	91
UBJSON	None	78	93	97	94

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	34.6	24	68	25.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	48.4	44	45	14.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	51.1	43	63	21.2
LZMA (compression level 9)	50.9	48	39	13.1

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	75.3	70	32	12.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	90.1	87	27	9.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	94.3	89	32	12.5
LZMA (compression level 9)	92.9	91	27	9.8

GeoJSON Example Document

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	205	105	136	103
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	283	100	130	92
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	298	116	143	106
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	448	146	197	132
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	228	142	162	137
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	680	220	291	195
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	82	69	82	66
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	325	115	145	107
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	277	110	136	104
JSON	None	190	121	146	116
BSON	None	456	187	234	167
CBOR	None	172	112	138	109
FlexBuffers	None	309	167	200	163
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	117	101	122	100
MessagePack	None	162	111	132	109
Smile	None	228	131	158	128
UBJSON	None	208	126	153	120

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	314	283	598	159.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	124.8	115	151	39.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	158	143	209	54.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	115.8	106	129	34.2

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	236	208	339	105.8
GZIP (compression level 9)	133.6	126	86	29.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	162.4	153	112	37.4
LZMA (compression level 9)	128	120	67	24.8

GitHub FUNDING Sponsorship Definition (Empty)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	16	36	35	39
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	16	36	35	39
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	49	64	68	64
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	40	50	56	51
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	25	45	44	50
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	68	71	79	71
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	16	36	35	39
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	17	37	36	41
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	18	38	37	42
JSON	None	183	134	167	144
BSON	None	133	125	152	137
CBOR	None	124	114	143	131
FlexBuffers	None	152	143	168	148
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	124	124	143	135
MessagePack	None	124	124	143	136
Smile	None	129	134	148	139
UBJSON	None	137	135	156	144

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	29.4	18	52	17.7
GZIP (compression level 9)	45.9	38	35	12.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	47.2	37	44	15.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	48.4	42	32	11.2

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	131.9	129	28	9.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	128.4	125	29	8.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	150.4	148	25	8.6
LZMA (compression level 9)	138.6	137	17	5.3

GitHub Workflow Definition

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	165	154	172	152
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	167	153	164	153
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	201	178	195	179
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	464	241	299	223
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	242	232	247	230
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	440	275	352	256
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	165	151	163	152
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	189	176	195	175
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	187	170	186	170
JSON	None	356	228	292	247
BSON	None	411	273	347	278
CBOR	None	288	208	257	216
FlexBuffers	None	396	309	369	318
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	277	233	261	228
MessagePack	None	287	222	256	224
Smile	None	287	235	268	240
UBJSON	None	339	243	291	249

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	246.7	189	299	112.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	192.2	176	124	42.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	219.2	195	189	62.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	187.8	175	104	36.5

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	326.4	288	134	52.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	246.1	235	101	31.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	292.7	268	113	43.1
LZMA (compression level 9)	250.4	240	102	33.4

Grunt.js Clean Task Definition

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	13	29	32	32
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	16	31	35	34
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	27	41	43	46
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	96	66	85	66
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	39	53	58	56
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	116	77	104	74
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	11	31	30	35
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	20	36	39	41
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	23	38	39	41
JSON	None	93	94	106	95
BSON	None	105	97	110	98
CBOR	None	60	75	79	77
FlexBuffers	None	94	110	113	115
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	57	76	76	79
MessagePack	None	60	76	79	78
Smile	None	70	85	88	88
UBJSON	None	77	88	92	89

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	40.1	23	105	36.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	44.7	38	48	16.1
LZ4 (compression level 9)	51.7	39	74	24.5
LZMA (compression level 9)	47.2	41	42	14.1

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	74.7	70	48	17.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	86.7	85	35	12.1
LZ4 (compression level 9)	91	88	37	14.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	89.1	88	38	12.7

ImageOptimizer Azure Webjob Configuration

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	21	41	40	45
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	24	44	43	47
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	30	50	49	54
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	96	76	97	72
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	44	64	63	68
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	100	80	101	79
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	21	41	40	44
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	23	43	42	47
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	26	46	45	50
JSON	None	82	88	96	90
BSON	None	102	103	117	100
CBOR	None	61	76	78	76
FlexBuffers	None	89	102	107	103
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	61	76	78	78
MessagePack	None	61	77	78	78
Smile	None	70	86	88	88
UBJSON	None	74	87	90	87

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	42.8	26	79	30.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	53.9	46	39	14.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	57.8	45	61	23.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	56.2	50	35	12.5

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	74	70	41	14.8
GZIP (compression level 9)	86.7	86	27	10.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	90.9	88	39	14.4
LZMA (compression level 9)	87.1	87	27	10.1

JSON-e Templating Engine Reverse Sort Example

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	15	31	34	33
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	11	31	30	34
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	23	41	42	42
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	240	72	100	68
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	43	63	62	65
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	136	89	126	87
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	10	30	29	33
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	21	41	40	43
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	22	39	41	40
JSON	None	86	86	99	88
BSON	None	121	104	129	101
CBOR	None	53	73	72	76
FlexBuffers	None	95	109	114	111
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	52	72	71	76
MessagePack	None	52	73	71	76
Smile	None	63	82	82	84
UBJSON	None	70	83	89	87

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	57.9	22	230	74.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	48.6	41	59	19.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	56	41	97	32.4
LZMA (compression level 9)	49.4	42	54	18.1

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	72.3	63	69	24.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	85.1	82	37	14.2
LZ4 (compression level 9)	89.7	82	58	21.4
LZMA (compression level 9)	87.3	84	35	12.8

JSON-e Templating Engine Sort Example

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	13	30	32	32
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	9	29	28	32
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	12	32	31	36
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	48	45	58	45
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	18	38	37	41
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	44	51	63	51
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	8	28	27	31
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	10	30	29	33
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	11	31	30	35
JSON	None	34	54	53	58
BSON	None	65	66	79	66
CBOR	None	21	41	40	46
FlexBuffers	None	39	56	58	60
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	21	41	40	46
MessagePack	None	21	41	40	46
Smile	None	27	48	46	52
UBJSON	None	30	48	49	53

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	19.2	12	40	14.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	34.9	31	23	7.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	37.2	31	36	12.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	37.3	35	20	6.5

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	32	27	44	14.8
GZIP (compression level 9)	48.7	48	25	8.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	50.3	46	39	13.2
LZMA (compression level 9)	52.7	52	20	7.2

JSON Feed Example Document

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	398	247	287	248
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	400	247	289	248
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	417	270	306	266
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	568	329	416	315
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	470	329	369	326
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	584	340	429	331
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	306	254	272	251
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	413	261	302	264
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	415	259	302	261
JSON	None	573	327	418	341
BSON	None	596	360	454	373
CBOR	None	523	320	403	331
FlexBuffers	None	598	406	475	400
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	514	330	396	335
MessagePack	None	517	331	398	337
Smile	None	521	335	403	341
UBJSON	None	557	348	428	354

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	441.2	415	278	82.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	281.8	261	93	36.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	330.2	302	157	55.5
LZMA (compression level 9)	278.9	264	83	32.7

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	546.6	523	84	34.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	347.1	335	86	26.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	422.4	403	79	28.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	353	341	69	23.4

JSON Resume Example

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	2143	1282	1754	1302
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	2162	1296	1772	1316
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	2256	1385	1860	1398
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	3152	1627	2230	1566
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	2549	1668	2162	1668
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	3116	1686	2290	1627
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	1468	1172	1357	1139
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	2225	1370	1832	1371
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	2230	1337	1815	1352
JSON	None	3048	1556	2204	1586
BSON	None	3283	1782	2449	1762
CBOR	None	2754	1555	2164	1582
FlexBuffers	None	3049	1966	2560	1936
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	2619	1633	2179	1640
MessagePack	None	2749	1600	2163	1615
Smile	None	2620	1581	2169	1621
UBJSON	None	2977	1658	2277	1665

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	2366.8	2230	1684	490.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	1424.8	1370	514	176.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	1896.9	1832	933	274.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	1415.4	1371	529	162.2

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	2864.4	2754	664	229.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	1682.1	1633	411	134.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	2280.1	2179	397	149.6
LZMA (compression level 9)	1688.7	1640	354	113.9

.NET Core Project

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	242	93	120	98
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	242	93	120	98
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	295	159	194	154
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	608	195	269	180
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	376	181	215	180
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	636	279	365	247
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	132	129	144	123
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	284	155	195	152
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	283	113	137	115
JSON	None	1049	411	548	425
BSON	None	1084	442	577	453
CBOR	None	923	435	566	434
FlexBuffers	None	890	559	664	552
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	748	481	557	465
MessagePack	None	919	458	565	443
Smile	None	870	453	558	450
UBJSON	None	1008	464	582	458

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	344.2	284	504	160.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	155.2	155	186	55.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	195.4	194	245	76.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	149.7	152	149	45.4

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	920.3	919	336	98.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	470.3	458	124	38.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	581.3	566	107	34.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	465	453	118	36.7

Nightwatch.js Test Framework Configuration

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	89	105	108	108
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	92	104	111	107
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	221	226	237	219
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	304	170	209	158
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	149	148	157	151
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	464	302	390	257
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	73	94	92	97
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	109	129	128	132
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	134	142	153	142
JSON	None	1507	649	926	682
BSON	None	1327	666	933	694
CBOR	None	1176	640	874	667
FlexBuffers	None	1389	869	1140	873
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	1085	678	886	688
MessagePack	None	1172	670	872	678
Smile	None	1090	683	886	701
UBJSON	None	1268	692	936	710

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	181.7	134	391	121.7
GZIP (compression level 9)	157.8	142	208	63.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	176.1	153	298	88.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	152.3	142	160	50.6

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	1215.3	1176	304	107.9
GZIP (compression level 9)	699.7	678	229	70.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	932.4	886	268	88.2
LZMA (compression level 9)	715.9	694	206	65.5

OpenWeatherMap API Example Document

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	165	179	184	183
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	148	163	167	166
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	197	209	216	213
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	320	236	288	222
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	206	219	225	220
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	384	307	367	285
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	113	134	132	137
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	188	199	207	203
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	191	199	209	202
JSON	None	494	341	470	361
BSON	None	480	394	471	395
CBOR	None	383	347	394	339
FlexBuffers	None	660	502	590	483
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	349	331	362	321
MessagePack	None	382	358	393	350
Smile	None	412	389	418	372
UBJSON	None	439	382	446	379

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	212.4	191	271	80.7
GZIP (compression level 9)	205	199	173	46.1
LZ4 (compression level 9)	221.7	209	235	65.3
LZMA (compression level 9)	203.4	203	148	38.9

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	443.6	412	311	96.8
GZIP (compression level 9)	386.1	382	171	51.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	439.1	418	228	70.1
LZMA (compression level 9)	377	372	162	49.1

OpenWeather Road Risk API Example

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	176	168	184	163
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	156	156	168	156
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	182	174	188	176
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	296	216	265	203
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	204	204	214	205
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	328	251	297	235
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	100	119	119	119
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	173	171	183	172
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	177	171	184	173
JSON	None	375	250	302	252
BSON	None	422	315	354	303
CBOR	None	340	275	298	256
FlexBuffers	None	488	376	420	357
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	254	260	270	250
MessagePack	None	339	276	297	259
Smile	None	326	299	324	290
UBJSON	None	375	295	318	278

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	199.1	177	228	66.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	181.1	171	132	35.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	200.2	184	178	49.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	178	173	116	31.4

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	363.4	340	234	69.3
GZIP (compression level 9)	299.4	295	116	35.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	325.9	318	150	45.4
LZMA (compression level 9)	284.7	278	107	34.5

NPM Package.json Example Manifest

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	1498	801	1061	820
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	1500	800	1060	820
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	1588	904	1161	917
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	2216	1007	1363	977
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	1755	1013	1281	1009
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	2268	1132	1512	1064
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	947	839	886	793
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	1581	888	1149	903
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	1561	848	1108	860
JSON	None	2259	1093	1520	1129
BSON	None	2386	1228	1660	1236
CBOR	None	1990	1083	1478	1099
FlexBuffers	None	2320	1395	1767	1381
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	1957	1129	1472	1139
MessagePack	None	1995	1131	1483	1143
Smile	None	1983	1119	1473	1138
UBJSON	None	2171	1173	1572	1178

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	1657.1	1581	1321	375.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	914.7	888	332	106.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	1175.7	1149	626	174.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	907	903	271	88.5

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	2114.6	1995	429	165.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	1179.7	1131	312	97.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	1557.9	1483	295	107.5
LZMA (compression level 9)	1187.7	1143	282	88.2

NPM Package.json Linter Configuration Manifest

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	369	84	97	87
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	201	75	86	78
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	462	177	235	161
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	880	131	165	123
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	519	120	136	119
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	960	288	389	248
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	90	80	85	81
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	454	197	252	172
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	420	91	102	95
JSON	None	1159	321	441	344
BSON	None	1295	348	478	366
CBOR	None	993	349	477	358
FlexBuffers	None	942	522	629	510
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	791	457	542	430
MessagePack	None	989	366	476	365
Smile	None	1002	380	499	388
UBJSON	None	1117	374	489	377

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	483.9	454	870	266.4
GZIP (compression level 9)	138.1	120	213	66.9
LZ4 (compression level 9)	171.9	136	304	96.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	129.3	119	170	52.7

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	1018.4	993	504	144.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	399.4	374	174	60.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	512.9	489	153	52.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	399.1	377	152	50.4

SAP Cloud SDK Continuous Delivery Toolkit Configuration

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	1	21	20	24
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	0	20	15	23
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	10	30	29	32
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	16	33	35	32
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	7	27	26	29
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	24	35	43	38
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	0	20	15	23
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	0	20	15	23
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	1	21	20	24
JSON	None	44	50	58	55
BSON	None	29	46	48	49
CBOR	None	25	45	44	48
FlexBuffers	None	37	52	56	55
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	25	45	44	49
MessagePack	None	25	45	44	49
Smile	None	30	50	49	54
UBJSON	None	29	49	48	52

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	6.6	1	24	8.1
GZIP (compression level 9)	25.2	21	15	5.8
LZ4 (compression level 9)	24.2	20	28	9.3
LZMA (compression level 9)	27.6	24	15	5.1

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	28.6	29	12	4.0
GZIP (compression level 9)	47.4	46	7	2.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	47.6	48	12	4.0
LZMA (compression level 9)	50.9	49	7	2.6

TravisCI Notifications Configuration

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	497	88	102	90
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	504	90	103	91
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	522	116	132	111
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	640	129	152	120
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	566	125	135	120
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	668	175	215	164
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	89	98	108	99
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	521	114	133	109
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	521	95	106	96
JSON	None	673	154	195	164
BSON	None	699	160	204	167
CBOR	None	627	147	192	160
FlexBuffers	None	228	214	244	207
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	185	175	202	177
MessagePack	None	627	157	192	163
Smile	None	604	168	199	173
UBJSON	None	658	163	198	169

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	503.1	521	579	157.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	114.4	114	87	25.7
LZ4 (compression level 9)	131.8	132	113	33.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	111.1	109	74	21.6

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	518.3	627	514	199.5
GZIP (compression level 9)	169.1	163	67	20.0
LZ4 (compression level 9)	204.4	199	52	16.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	173.7	169	47	14.6

TSLint Linter Definition (Basic)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	1	21	20	24
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	1	21	20	24
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	9	27	28	29
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	48	33	45	34
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	12	29	31	31
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	60	53	64	49
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	1	21	20	24
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	8	28	27	31
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	8	26	27	28
JSON	None	67	68	74	70
BSON	None	71	74	82	74
CBOR	None	51	62	70	63
FlexBuffers	None	77	76	88	80
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	51	61	70	64
MessagePack	None	51	62	70	64
Smile	None	59	68	73	71
UBJSON	None	59	66	72	67

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	16.4	8	59	20.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	28.8	27	32	9.4
LZ4 (compression level 9)	31.3	27	44	13.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	30.4	29	25	7.4

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	59.9	59	26	9.7
GZIP (compression level 9)	67	66	15	5.6
LZ4 (compression level 9)	75	72	18	6.6
LZMA (compression level 9)	69	67	17	5.9

TSLint Linter Definition (Extends Only)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	46	54	56	57
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	47	55	57	58
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	49	57	59	60
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	88	77	90	75
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	62	68	70	73
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	88	78	91	78
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	46	54	56	57
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	47	55	57	58
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	48	56	58	59
JSON	None	63	70	72	73
BSON	None	78	79	85	80
CBOR	None	55	63	65	65
FlexBuffers	None	70	78	81	80
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	55	63	65	65
MessagePack	None	55	63	65	65
Smile	None	61	69	71	72
UBJSON	None	62	70	72	72

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	57.9	48	42	16.8
GZIP (compression level 9)	61.6	56	24	9.4
LZ4 (compression level 9)	66	58	35	13.7
LZMA (compression level 9)	63.9	59	21	8.2

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	62.3	61	23	8.2
GZIP (compression level 9)	69.3	69	16	6.4
LZ4 (compression level 9)	72	71	20	7.5
LZMA (compression level 9)	71.3	72	15	6.2

TSLint Linter Definition (Multi-rule)

Serialization Format	Schema	Uncompressed	GZIP (compression level 9)	LZ4 (compression level 9)	LZMA (compression level 9)
ASN.1 (PER Unaligned)	schema.asn	4	24	23	27
Apache Avro (unframed)	schema.json	7	27	26	29
Microsoft Bond (Compact Binary v1)	schema.bond	17	34	36	36
Cap'n Proto (Binary Encoding)	schema.capnp	80	44	59	45
Cap'n Proto (Packed Encoding)	schema.capnp	23	37	42	41
FlatBuffers	schema.fbs	84	71	94	69
JSON BinPack (Schema-driven)	schema.json	1	21	20	24
Protocol Buffers (Binary Wire Format)	schema.proto	14	34	33	36
Apache Thrift (Compact Protocol)	schema.thrift	14	31	33	34
JSON	None	98	90	99	92
BSON	None	104	99	109	100
CBOR	None	68	80	87	81
FlexBuffers	None	102	106	116	109
JSON BinPack (Schema-less)	schema.json	68	80	87	82
MessagePack	None	68	81	87	82
Smile	None	78	88	92	92
UBJSON	None	80	84	94	89

Schema-driven statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	27.1	14	83	30.0
GZIP (compression level 9)	35.9	34	50	14.0
LZ4 (compression level 9)	40.7	33	74	21.8
LZMA (compression level 9)	37.9	36	45	12.7

Schema-less statistics

Category	Average	Median	Range	Std.dev
Uncompressed	81.1	78	36	14.6
GZIP (compression level 9)	88.3	84	26	9.5
LZ4 (compression level 9)	96	92	29	10.9
LZMA (compression level 9)	90.7	89	28	9.8

Running locally

The benchmark has only been ran on macOS and GNU/Linux. The following dependencies must be available in order to locally run the benchmark:

• GNU Make
• Awk
• CMake
• Clojure's clj command line tool
• Python 3 and pip
• Node.js
• clang
• gzip
• XZ Utils
• xxd
• jq

Build the project dependencies by running the following command:

make deps

The benchmark can then be ran locally using the following command:

make all

Running the benchmark including the ASN.1 serialization formats requires setting the ASN1STEP variable to the path to a license-activated asn1step instance. For example:

make all ASN1STEP=/Applications/asn1step/asn1step/macosx-x86-64.trial/10.0.2/bin/asn1step

License

This work is released under the Apache-2.0 license.