License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no…

… license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <[email protected]>

Kbuild

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Kbuild for top-level directory of the kernel
 # This file takes care of the following:

Kconfig

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # For a description of the syntax of this configuration file,
 # see Documentation/kbuild/kconfig-language.txt.

Makefile

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 VERSION = 4
 PATCHLEVEL = 14
 SUBLEVEL = 0

arch/Kconfig

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # General architecture dependent options
 #

arch/alpha/Kconfig

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 config ALPHA
 	bool
 	default y

arch/alpha/Kconfig.debug

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 menu "Kernel hacking"
 
 source "lib/Kconfig.debug"

arch/alpha/boot/bootloader.lds

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-alpha")
 ENTRY(__start)
 printk = srm_printk;

arch/alpha/boot/bootp.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/alpha/boot/bootp.c
  *

arch/alpha/boot/bootpz.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/alpha/boot/bootpz.c
  *

arch/alpha/boot/head.S

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/alpha/boot/head.S
  *

arch/alpha/boot/main.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/alpha/boot/main.c
  *

arch/alpha/boot/misc.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * misc.c
  * 

arch/alpha/boot/tools/mkbb.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* This utility makes a bootblock suitable for the SRM console/miniloader */
 
 /* Usage:

arch/alpha/boot/tools/objstrip.c

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/alpha/boot/tools/objstrip.c
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/Kbuild

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 
 
 generic-y += clkdev.h

arch/alpha/include/asm/a.out.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_A_OUT_H__
 #define __ALPHA_A_OUT_H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/agp.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef AGP_H
 #define AGP_H 1
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/agp_backend.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_AGP_BACKEND_H
 #define _ALPHA_AGP_BACKEND_H 1
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/atomic.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_ATOMIC_H
 #define _ALPHA_ATOMIC_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/barrier.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __BARRIER_H
 #define __BARRIER_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/bitops.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_BITOPS_H
 #define _ALPHA_BITOPS_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/bug.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_BUG_H
 #define _ALPHA_BUG_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/cache.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-alpha/cache.h
  */

arch/alpha/include/asm/cacheflush.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_CACHEFLUSH_H
 #define _ALPHA_CACHEFLUSH_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/checksum.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_CHECKSUM_H
 #define _ALPHA_CHECKSUM_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/cmpxchg.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_CMPXCHG_H
 #define _ALPHA_CMPXCHG_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/compiler.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_COMPILER_H
 #define __ALPHA_COMPILER_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/console.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __AXP_CONSOLE_H
 #define __AXP_CONSOLE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_apecs.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_APECS__H__
 #define __ALPHA_APECS__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_cia.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_CIA__H__
 #define __ALPHA_CIA__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_irongate.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_IRONGATE__H__
 #define __ALPHA_IRONGATE__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_lca.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_LCA__H__
 #define __ALPHA_LCA__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_marvel.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Marvel systems use the IO7 I/O chip provides PCI/PCIX/AGP access
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_mcpcia.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_MCPCIA__H__
 #define __ALPHA_MCPCIA__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_polaris.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_POLARIS__H__
 #define __ALPHA_POLARIS__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_t2.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_T2__H__
 #define __ALPHA_T2__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_titan.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_TITAN__H__
 #define __ALPHA_TITAN__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_tsunami.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_TSUNAMI__H__
 #define __ALPHA_TSUNAMI__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/core_wildfire.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_WILDFIRE__H__
 #define __ALPHA_WILDFIRE__H__
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/delay.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_DELAY_H
 #define __ALPHA_DELAY_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/dma-mapping.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_DMA_MAPPING_H
 #define _ALPHA_DMA_MAPPING_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/dma.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-alpha/dma.h
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/elf.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_ALPHA_ELF_H
 #define __ASM_ALPHA_ELF_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/err_common.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  *	linux/include/asm-alpha/err_common.h
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/err_ev7.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_ERR_EV7_H
 #define __ALPHA_ERR_EV7_H 1
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/extable.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_EXTABLE_H
 #define _ASM_EXTABLE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/fpu.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_ALPHA_FPU_H
 #define __ASM_ALPHA_FPU_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/futex.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_ALPHA_FUTEX_H
 #define _ASM_ALPHA_FUTEX_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/gct.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_GCT_H
 #define __ALPHA_GCT_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/hardirq.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_HARDIRQ_H
 #define _ALPHA_HARDIRQ_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/hw_irq.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_HW_IRQ_H
 #define _ALPHA_HW_IRQ_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/hwrpb.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_HWRPB_H
 #define __ALPHA_HWRPB_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/io.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_IO_H
 #define __ALPHA_IO_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/io_trivial.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /* Trivial implementations of basic i/o routines.  Assumes that all
    of the hard work has been done by ioremap and ioportmap, and that
    access to i/o space is linear.  */

arch/alpha/include/asm/irq.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_IRQ_H
 #define _ALPHA_IRQ_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/irqflags.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_IRQFLAGS_H
 #define __ALPHA_IRQFLAGS_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/jensen.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_JENSEN_H
 #define __ALPHA_JENSEN_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/kmap_types.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_KMAP_TYPES_H
 #define _ASM_KMAP_TYPES_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/linkage.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ASM_LINKAGE_H
 #define __ASM_LINKAGE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/local.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_LOCAL_H
 #define _ALPHA_LOCAL_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/machvec.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_MACHVEC_H
 #define __ALPHA_MACHVEC_H 1
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/mc146818rtc.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Machine dependent access functions for RTC registers.
  */

arch/alpha/include/asm/mce.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_MCE_H
 #define __ALPHA_MCE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/mmu.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_MMU_H
 #define __ALPHA_MMU_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/mmu_context.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_MMU_CONTEXT_H
 #define __ALPHA_MMU_CONTEXT_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/mmzone.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Written by Kanoj Sarcar ([email protected]) Aug 99
  * Adapted for the alpha wildfire architecture Jan 2001.

arch/alpha/include/asm/module.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_MODULE_H
 #define _ALPHA_MODULE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/page.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_PAGE_H
 #define _ALPHA_PAGE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/pal.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_PAL_H
 #define __ALPHA_PAL_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/param.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASM_ALPHA_PARAM_H
 #define _ASM_ALPHA_PARAM_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/parport.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * parport.h: platform-specific PC-style parport initialisation
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/pci.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_PCI_H
 #define __ALPHA_PCI_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/percpu.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
 #define __ALPHA_PERCPU_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/pgalloc.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_PGALLOC_H
 #define _ALPHA_PGALLOC_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_PGTABLE_H
 #define _ALPHA_PGTABLE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/processor.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-alpha/processor.h
  *

arch/alpha/include/asm/ptrace.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASMAXP_PTRACE_H
 #define _ASMAXP_PTRACE_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/rwsem.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ALPHA_RWSEM_H
 #define _ALPHA_RWSEM_H
 

arch/alpha/include/asm/serial.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * include/asm-alpha/serial.h
  */

arch/alpha/include/asm/shmparam.h

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 #ifndef _ASMAXP_SHMPARAM_H
 #define _ASMAXP_SHMPARAM_H