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Understanding fbdev's cmap | ||
-------------------------- | ||
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These notes explain how X's dix layer uses fbdev's cmap structures. | ||
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*. example of relevant structures in fbdev as used for a 3-bit grayscale cmap | ||
struct fb_var_screeninfo { | ||
.bits_per_pixel = 8, | ||
.grayscale = 1, | ||
.red = { 4, 3, 0 }, | ||
.green = { 0, 0, 0 }, | ||
.blue = { 0, 0, 0 }, | ||
} | ||
struct fb_fix_screeninfo { | ||
.visual = FB_VISUAL_STATIC_PSEUDOCOLOR, | ||
} | ||
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) | ||
info->cmap.red[i] = (((2*i)+1)*(0xFFFF))/16; | ||
memcpy(info->cmap.green, info->cmap.red, sizeof(u16)*8); | ||
memcpy(info->cmap.blue, info->cmap.red, sizeof(u16)*8); | ||
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*. X11 apps do something like the following when trying to use grayscale. | ||
for (i=0; i < 8; i++) { | ||
char colorspec[64]; | ||
memset(colorspec,0,64); | ||
sprintf(colorspec, "rgb:%x/%x/%x", i*36,i*36,i*36); | ||
if (!XParseColor(outputDisplay, testColormap, colorspec, &wantedColor)) | ||
printf("Can't get color %s\n",colorspec); | ||
XAllocColor(outputDisplay, testColormap, &wantedColor); | ||
grays[i] = wantedColor; | ||
} | ||
There's also named equivalents like gray1..x provided you have an rgb.txt. | ||
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Somewhere in X's callchain, this results in a call to X code that handles the | ||
colormap. For example, Xfbdev hits the following: | ||
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xc-011010/programs/Xserver/dix/colormap.c: | ||
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FindBestPixel(pentFirst, size, prgb, channel) | ||
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dr = (long) pent->co.local.red - prgb->red; | ||
dg = (long) pent->co.local.green - prgb->green; | ||
db = (long) pent->co.local.blue - prgb->blue; | ||
sq = dr * dr; | ||
UnsignedToBigNum (sq, &sum); | ||
BigNumAdd (&sum, &temp, &sum); | ||
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co.local.red are entries that were brought in through FBIOGETCMAP which come | ||
directly from the info->cmap.red that was listed above. The prgb is the rgb | ||
that the app wants to match to. The above code is doing what looks like a least | ||
squares matching function. That's why the cmap entries can't be set to the left | ||
hand side boundaries of a color range. | ||
|
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Metronomefb | ||
----------- | ||
Maintained by Jaya Kumar <jayakumar.lkml.gmail.com> | ||
Last revised: Nov 20, 2007 | ||
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Metronomefb is a driver for the Metronome display controller. The controller | ||
is from E-Ink Corporation. It is intended to be used to drive the E-Ink | ||
Vizplex display media. E-Ink hosts some details of this controller and the | ||
display media here http://www.e-ink.com/products/matrix/metronome.html . | ||
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Metronome is interfaced to the host CPU through the AMLCD interface. The | ||
host CPU generates the control information and the image in a framebuffer | ||
which is then delivered to the AMLCD interface by a host specific method. | ||
Currently, that's implemented for the PXA's LCDC controller. The display and | ||
error status are each pulled through individual GPIOs. | ||
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Metronomefb was written for the PXA255/gumstix/lyre combination and | ||
therefore currently has board set specific code in it. If other boards based on | ||
other architectures are available, then the host specific code can be separated | ||
and abstracted out. | ||
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Metronomefb requires waveform information which is delivered via the AMLCD | ||
interface to the metronome controller. The waveform information is expected to | ||
be delivered from userspace via the firmware class interface. The waveform file | ||
can be compressed as long as your udev or hotplug script is aware of the need | ||
to uncompress it before delivering it. metronomefb will ask for waveform.wbf | ||
which would typically go into /lib/firmware/waveform.wbf depending on your | ||
udev/hotplug setup. I have only tested with a single waveform file which was | ||
originally labeled 23P01201_60_WT0107_MTC. I do not know what it stands for. | ||
Caution should be exercised when manipulating the waveform as there may be | ||
a possibility that it could have some permanent effects on the display media. | ||
I neither have access to nor know exactly what the waveform does in terms of | ||
the physical media. | ||
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Metronomefb uses the deferred IO interface so that it can provide a memory | ||
mappable frame buffer. It has been tested with tinyx (Xfbdev). It is known | ||
to work at this time with xeyes, xclock, xloadimage, xpdf. | ||
|
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|
@@ -172,16 +172,6 @@ Who: Len Brown <[email protected]> | |
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--------------------------- | ||
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What: ide-tape driver | ||
When: July 2008 | ||
Files: drivers/ide/ide-tape.c | ||
Why: This driver might not have any users anymore and maintaining it for no | ||
reason is an effort no one wants to make. | ||
Who: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <[email protected]>, Borislav Petkov | ||
<[email protected]> | ||
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--------------------------- | ||
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What: libata spindown skipping and warning | ||
When: Dec 2008 | ||
Why: Some halt(8) implementations synchronize caches for and spin | ||
|
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Hardware driver for Intel/AMD/VIA Random Number Generators (RNG) | ||
Copyright 2000,2001 Jeff Garzik <[email protected]> | ||
Copyright 2000,2001 Philipp Rumpf <[email protected]> | ||
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Introduction: | ||
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The hw_random device driver is software that makes use of a | ||
The hw_random framework is software that makes use of a | ||
special hardware feature on your CPU or motherboard, | ||
a Random Number Generator (RNG). | ||
a Random Number Generator (RNG). The software has two parts: | ||
a core providing the /dev/hw_random character device and its | ||
sysfs support, plus a hardware-specific driver that plugs | ||
into that core. | ||
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In order to make effective use of this device driver, you | ||
To make the most effective use of these mechanisms, you | ||
should download the support software as well. Download the | ||
latest version of the "rng-tools" package from the | ||
hw_random driver's official Web site: | ||
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http://sourceforge.net/projects/gkernel/ | ||
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About the Intel RNG hardware, from the firmware hub datasheet: | ||
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The Firmware Hub integrates a Random Number Generator (RNG) | ||
using thermal noise generated from inherently random quantum | ||
mechanical properties of silicon. When not generating new random | ||
bits the RNG circuitry will enter a low power state. Intel will | ||
provide a binary software driver to give third party software | ||
access to our RNG for use as a security feature. At this time, | ||
the RNG is only to be used with a system in an OS-present state. | ||
Those tools use /dev/hw_random to fill the kernel entropy pool, | ||
which is used internally and exported by the /dev/urandom and | ||
/dev/random special files. | ||
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Theory of operation: | ||
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Character driver. Using the standard open() | ||
CHARACTER DEVICE. Using the standard open() | ||
and read() system calls, you can read random data from | ||
the hardware RNG device. This data is NOT CHECKED by any | ||
fitness tests, and could potentially be bogus (if the | ||
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@@ -36,9 +29,37 @@ Theory of operation: | |
a security-conscious person would run fitness tests on the | ||
data before assuming it is truly random. | ||
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/dev/hwrandom is char device major 10, minor 183. | ||
The rng-tools package uses such tests in "rngd", and lets you | ||
run them by hand with a "rngtest" utility. | ||
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/dev/hw_random is char device major 10, minor 183. | ||
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CLASS DEVICE. There is a /sys/class/misc/hw_random node with | ||
two unique attributes, "rng_available" and "rng_current". The | ||
"rng_available" attribute lists the hardware-specific drivers | ||
available, while "rng_current" lists the one which is currently | ||
connected to /dev/hw_random. If your system has more than one | ||
RNG available, you may change the one used by writing a name from | ||
the list in "rng_available" into "rng_current". | ||
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========================================================================== | ||
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Hardware driver for Intel/AMD/VIA Random Number Generators (RNG) | ||
Copyright 2000,2001 Jeff Garzik <[email protected]> | ||
Copyright 2000,2001 Philipp Rumpf <[email protected]> | ||
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About the Intel RNG hardware, from the firmware hub datasheet: | ||
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||
The Firmware Hub integrates a Random Number Generator (RNG) | ||
using thermal noise generated from inherently random quantum | ||
mechanical properties of silicon. When not generating new random | ||
bits the RNG circuitry will enter a low power state. Intel will | ||
provide a binary software driver to give third party software | ||
access to our RNG for use as a security feature. At this time, | ||
the RNG is only to be used with a system in an OS-present state. | ||
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Driver notes: | ||
Intel RNG Driver notes: | ||
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* FIXME: support poll(2) | ||
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|
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Keyboard notifier | ||
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One can use register_keyboard_notifier to get called back on keyboard | ||
events (see kbd_keycode() function for details). The passed structure is | ||
keyboard_notifier_param: | ||
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- 'vc' always provide the VC for which the keyboard event applies; | ||
- 'down' is 1 for a key press event, 0 for a key release; | ||
- 'shift' is the current modifier state, mask bit indexes are KG_*; | ||
- 'value' depends on the type of event. | ||
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- KBD_KEYCODE events are always sent before other events, value is the keycode. | ||
- KBD_UNBOUND_KEYCODE events are sent if the keycode is not bound to a keysym. | ||
value is the keycode. | ||
- KBD_UNICODE events are sent if the keycode -> keysym translation produced a | ||
unicode character. value is the unicode value. | ||
- KBD_KEYSYM events are sent if the keycode -> keysym translation produced a | ||
non-unicode character. value is the keysym. | ||
- KBD_POST_KEYSYM events are sent after the treatment of non-unicode keysyms. | ||
That permits one to inspect the resulting LEDs for instance. | ||
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For each kind of event but the last, the callback may return NOTIFY_STOP in | ||
order to "eat" the event: the notify loop is stopped and the keyboard event is | ||
dropped. | ||
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In a rough C snippet, we have: | ||
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kbd_keycode(keycode) { | ||
... | ||
params.value = keycode; | ||
if (notifier_call_chain(KBD_KEYCODE,¶ms) == NOTIFY_STOP) | ||
|| !bound) { | ||
notifier_call_chain(KBD_UNBOUND_KEYCODE,¶ms); | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
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if (unicode) { | ||
param.value = unicode; | ||
if (notifier_call_chain(KBD_UNICODE,¶ms) == NOTIFY_STOP) | ||
return; | ||
emit unicode; | ||
return; | ||
} | ||
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params.value = keysym; | ||
if (notifier_call_chain(KBD_KEYSYM,¶ms) == NOTIFY_STOP) | ||
return; | ||
apply keysym; | ||
notifier_call_chain(KBD_POST_KEYSYM,¶ms); | ||
} | ||
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NOTE: This notifier is usually called from interrupt context. |
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