mm: update NUMA counter threshold size

There is significant overhead in cache bouncing caused by zone counters
(NUMA associated counters) update in parallel in multi-threaded page
allocation (suggested by Dave Hansen).

This patch updates NUMA counter threshold to a fixed size of MAX_U16 - 2,
as a small threshold greatly increases the update frequency of the global
counter from local per cpu counter(suggested by Ying Huang).

The rationality is that these statistics counters don't affect the
kernel's decision, unlike other VM counters, so it's not a problem to use
a large threshold.

With this patchset, we see 31.3% drop of CPU cycles(537-->369) for per
single page allocation and reclaim on Jesper's page_bench03 benchmark.

Benchmark provided by Jesper D Brouer(increase loop times to 10000000):
https://github.com/netoptimizer/prototype-kernel/tree/master/kernel/mm/
bench

 Threshold   CPU cycles    Throughput(88 threads)
     32          799         241760478
     64          640         301628829
     125         537         358906028 <==> system by default (base)
     256         468         412397590
     512         428         450550704
     4096        399         482520943
     20000       394         489009617
     30000       395         488017817
     65533       369(-31.3%) 521661345(+45.3%) <==> with this patchset
     N/A         342(-36.3%) 562900157(+56.8%) <==> disable zone_statistics

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Kemi Wang <[email protected]>
Reported-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Dave Hansen <[email protected]>
Suggested-by: Ying Huang <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <[email protected]>
Cc: Aaron Lu <[email protected]>
Cc: Andi Kleen <[email protected]>
Cc: Christopher Lameter <[email protected]>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <[email protected]>
Cc: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>
Cc: Tim Chen <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

include/linux/mmzone.h

@@ -282,8 +282,7 @@ struct per_cpu_pageset {
 	struct per_cpu_pages pcp;
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
 	s8 expire;
-	s8 numa_stat_threshold;
-	s8 vm_numa_stat_diff[NR_VM_NUMA_STAT_ITEMS];
+	u16 vm_numa_stat_diff[NR_VM_NUMA_STAT_ITEMS];
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	s8 stat_threshold;

mm/vmstat.c

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "internal.h"
 
+#define NUMA_STATS_THRESHOLD (U16_MAX - 2)
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);
@@ -194,10 +196,7 @@ void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
 
 			per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
 							= threshold;
-#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
-			per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->numa_stat_threshold
-							= threshold;
-#endif
+
 			/* Base nodestat threshold on the largest populated zone. */
 			pgdat_threshold = per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold;
 			per_cpu_ptr(pgdat->per_cpu_nodestats, cpu)->stat_threshold
@@ -231,14 +230,9 @@ void set_pgdat_percpu_threshold(pg_data_t *pgdat,
 			continue;
 
 		threshold = (*calculate_pressure)(zone);
-		for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
 			per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->stat_threshold
 							= threshold;
-#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
-			per_cpu_ptr(zone->pageset, cpu)->numa_stat_threshold
-							= threshold;
-#endif
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -874,16 +868,14 @@ void __inc_numa_state(struct zone *zone,
 				 enum numa_stat_item item)
 {
 	struct per_cpu_pageset __percpu *pcp = zone->pageset;
-	s8 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_numa_stat_diff + item;
-	s8 v, t;
+	u16 __percpu *p = pcp->vm_numa_stat_diff + item;
+	u16 v;
 
 	v = __this_cpu_inc_return(*p);
-	t = __this_cpu_read(pcp->numa_stat_threshold);
-	if (unlikely(v > t)) {
-		s8 overstep = t >> 1;
 
-		zone_numa_state_add(v + overstep, zone, item);
-		__this_cpu_write(*p, -overstep);
+	if (unlikely(v > NUMA_STATS_THRESHOLD)) {
+		zone_numa_state_add(v, zone, item);
+		__this_cpu_write(*p, 0);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1798,7 +1790,7 @@ static bool need_update(int cpu)
 
 		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(p->vm_stat_diff[0]) != 1);
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
-		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(p->vm_numa_stat_diff[0]) != 1);
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(p->vm_numa_stat_diff[0]) != 2);
 #endif
 		/*
 		 * The fast way of checking if there are any vmstat diffs.