[FLINK-27983][table-common] Introduce SupportsStatisticsReport interface

This closes apache#19939

flink-table/flink-table-common/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/connector/source/abilities/SupportsStatisticReport.java

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.abilities;
+
+import org.apache.flink.annotation.PublicEvolving;
+import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.DynamicTableSource;
+import org.apache.flink.table.plan.stats.TableStats;
+
+/**
+ * Enables to report the estimated statistics provided by the {@link DynamicTableSource}.
+ *
+ * <p>Statistics are one of the most important inputs to the optimizer cost model, which will
+ * generate the most effective execution plan with the lowest cost among all considered candidate
+ * plans.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface is used to compensate for the missing of statistics in the catalog. The planner
+ * will call {@link #reportStatistics} method when the planner detects the statistics from catalog
+ * is unknown. Therefore, the method will be executed as needed.
+ *
+ * <p>Note: This method is called at plan optimization phase, the implementation of this interface
+ * should be as light as possible, but more complete information.
+ */
+@PublicEvolving
+public interface SupportsStatisticReport {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the estimated statistics of this {@link DynamicTableSource}, else {@link
+     * TableStats#UNKNOWN} if some situations are not supported or cannot be handled.
+     */
+    TableStats reportStatistics();
+}