mm: fix assertion mapping->nrpages == 0 in end_writeback()

Under heavy memory and filesystem load, users observe the assertion
mapping->nrpages == 0 in end_writeback() trigger.  This can be caused by
page reclaim reclaiming the last page from a mapping in the following
race:

	CPU0				CPU1
  ...
  shrink_page_list()
    __remove_mapping()
      __delete_from_page_cache()
        radix_tree_delete()
					evict_inode()
					  truncate_inode_pages()
					    truncate_inode_pages_range()
					      pagevec_lookup() - finds nothing
					  end_writeback()
					    mapping->nrpages != 0 -> BUG
        page->mapping = NULL
        mapping->nrpages--

Fix the problem by doing a reliable check of mapping->nrpages under
mapping->tree_lock in end_writeback().

Analyzed by Jay <[email protected]>, lost in LKML, and dug out
by Miklos Szeredi <[email protected]>.

Cc: Jay <[email protected]>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

fs/inode.c

@@ -423,7 +423,14 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(remove_inode_hash);
 void end_writeback(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	might_sleep();
+	/*
+	 * We have to cycle tree_lock here because reclaim can be still in the
+	 * process of removing the last page (in __delete_from_page_cache())
+	 * and we must not free mapping under it.
+	 */
+	spin_lock_irq(&inode->i_data.tree_lock);
 	BUG_ON(inode->i_data.nrpages);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&inode->i_data.tree_lock);
 	BUG_ON(!list_empty(&inode->i_data.private_list));
 	BUG_ON(!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING));
 	BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_CLEAR);

include/linux/fs.h

@@ -639,6 +639,7 @@ struct address_space {
 	struct prio_tree_root	i_mmap;		/* tree of private and shared mappings */
 	struct list_head	i_mmap_nonlinear;/*list VM_NONLINEAR mappings */
 	struct mutex		i_mmap_mutex;	/* protect tree, count, list */
+	/* Protected by tree_lock together with the radix tree */
 	unsigned long		nrpages;	/* number of total pages */
 	pgoff_t			writeback_index;/* writeback starts here */
 	const struct address_space_operations *a_ops;	/* methods */

mm/truncate.c

@@ -304,6 +304,11 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(truncate_inode_pages_range);
  * @lstart: offset from which to truncate
  *
  * Called under (and serialised by) inode->i_mutex.
+ *
+ * Note: When this function returns, there can be a page in the process of
+ * deletion (inside __delete_from_page_cache()) in the specified range.  Thus
+ * mapping->nrpages can be non-zero when this function returns even after
+ * truncation of the whole mapping.
  */
 void truncate_inode_pages(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t lstart)
 {