Perl: reworked perl module to pass ctx instead of request.

This ensures that correct ctx is always available, including after
filter finalization.  In particular, this fixes a segmentation fault
with the following configuration:

    location / {
        image_filter test;

        perl 'sub {
            my $r = shift;
            $r->send_http_header();
            $r->print("foo\n");
            $r->print("bar\n");
        }';
    }

This also seems to be the only way to correctly handle filter finalization
in various complex cases, for example, when embedded perl is used both
in the original handler and in an error page called after filter
finalization.