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kmp in python
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KPatr1ck committed Dec 12, 2018
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83 changes: 83 additions & 0 deletions python/34_kmp/kmp_.py
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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-


def kmp(main, pattern):
"""
kmp字符串匹配
:param main:
:param pattern:
:return:
"""
assert type(main) is str and type(pattern) is str

n, m = len(main), len(pattern)

if m == 0:
return 0
if n <= m:
return 0 if main == pattern else -1

# 求解next数组
next = get_next(pattern)

j = 0
for i in range(n):
# 在pattern[:j]中,从长到短递归去找最长的和后缀子串匹配的前缀子串
while j > 0 and main[i] != pattern[j]:
j = next[j-1] + 1 # 如果next[j-1] = -1,则要从起始字符取匹配

if main[i] == pattern[j]:
if j == m-1:
return i-m+1
else:
j += 1
return -1


def get_next(pattern):
"""
next数组生成
注意:
理解的难点在于next[i]根据next[0], next[1]…… next[i-1]的求解
next[i]的值依赖于前面的next数组的值,求解思路:
1. 首先取出前一个最长的匹配的前缀子串,其下标就是next[i-1]
2. 对比下一个字符,如果匹配,直接赋值next[i]为next[i-1]+1,因为i-1的时候已经是最长
*3. 如果不匹配,需要递归去找次长的匹配的前缀子串,这里难理解的就是递归地方式,next[i-1]
是i-1的最长匹配前缀子串的下标结尾,则 *next[next[i-1]]* 是其次长匹配前缀子串的下标
结尾
*4. 递归的出口,就是在次长前缀子串的下一个字符和当前匹配 或 遇到-1,遇到-1则说明没找到任
何匹配的前缀子串,这时需要找pattern的第一个字符对比
ps: next[m-1]的数值其实没有任何意义,求解时可以不理。网上也有将next数组往右平移的做法。
:param pattern:
:return:
"""
m = len(pattern)
next = [-1] * m

next[0] = -1

# for i in range(1, m):
for i in range(1, m-1):
j = next[i-1] # 取i-1时匹配到的最长前缀子串
while j != -1 and pattern[j+1] != pattern[i]:
j = next[j] # 次长的前缀子串的下标,即是next[next[i-1]]

# 根据上面跳出while的条件,当j=-1时,需要比较pattern[0]和当前字符
# 如果j!=-1,则pattern[j+1]和pattern[i]一定是相等的
if pattern[j+1] == pattern[i]: # 如果接下来的字符也是匹配的,那i的最长前缀子串下标是next[i-1]+1
j += 1
next[i] = j

return next


if __name__ == '__main__':
m_str = "aabbbbaaabbababbabbbabaaabb"
p_str = "abbabbbabaa"

print('--- search ---')
print('[Built-in Functions] result:', m_str.find(p_str))
print('[kmp] result:', kmp(m_str, p_str))

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