Port all git functionality to use git CLI (astral-sh#3833)

## Summary

We currently rely on libgit2 for most git-related functionality.
However, libgit2 has long-standing performance issues, as well as lags
significantly behind git in terms of new features. For these reasons we
now use the git CLI by default for fetching repositories
(astral-sh#1781). This PR completely drops
libgit2 in favor of the git CLI for all git-related functionality, which
should allow us to use features such as partial clones and sparse
checkouts in the future for performance.

There is also a lot of technical debt in the current git code as it's
mostly taken from Cargo. Switching to the git CLI *vastly* simplifies
the `uv-git` codebase.

Eventually we might want to look into switching to
[`gitoxide`](https://github.com/Byron/gitoxide), but it's currently too
immature for our use case.

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Source distributions can run arbitrary code on build and can make unwanted modif
 ```bash
 docker buildx build -t uv-builder -f builder.dockerfile --load .
 # Build for musl to avoid glibc errors, might not be required with your OS version
-cargo build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --profile profiling --features vendored-openssl
+cargo build --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --profile profiling
 docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/app uv-builder /app/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/profiling/uv-dev resolve-many --cache-dir /app/cache-docker /app/scripts/popular_packages/pypi_10k_most_dependents.txt
 ```
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -80,11 +80,8 @@ flate2 = { version = "1.0.28", default-features = false }
 fs-err = { version = "2.11.0" }
 fs2 = { version = "0.4.3" }
 futures = { version = "0.3.30" }
-git2 = { version = "0.18.1" }
 glob = { version = "0.3.1" }
 hex = { version = "0.4.3" }
-hmac = { version = "0.12.1" }
-home = { version = "0.5.9" }
 html-escape = { version = "0.2.13" }
 http = { version = "1.1.0" }
 indexmap = { version = "2.2.5" }
@@ -106,7 +103,6 @@ platform-info = { version = "2.0.2" }
 pubgrub = { git = "https://github.com/astral-sh/pubgrub", rev = "0e684a874c9fb8f74738cd8875524c80e3d4820b" }
 pyo3 = { version = "0.21.0" }
 pyo3-log = { version = "0.10.0" }
-rand = { version = "0.8.5" }
 rayon = { version = "1.8.0" }
 reflink-copy = { version = "0.1.15" }
 regex = { version = "1.10.2" }
@@ -122,7 +118,6 @@ schemars = { version = "0.8.16", features = ["url"] }
 seahash = { version = "4.1.0" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.197", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = { version = "1.0.114" }
-sha1 = { version = "0.10.6" }
 sha2 = { version = "0.10.8" }
 sys-info = { version = "0.9.1" }
 tempfile = { version = "3.9.0" }

crates/distribution-types/Cargo.toml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pep508_rs = { workspace = true }
 platform-tags = { workspace = true }
 pypi-types = { workspace = true }
 uv-fs = { workspace = true }
-uv-git = { workspace = true, features = ["vendored-openssl"] }
+uv-git = { workspace = true }
 uv-normalize = { workspace = true }
 
 anyhow = { workspace = true }

crates/pypi-types/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ uv-normalize = { workspace = true }
 uv-git = { workspace = true }
 
 chrono = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
-git2 = { workspace = true }
 indexmap = { workspace = true, features = ["serde"] }
 mailparse = { workspace = true }
 once_cell = { workspace = true }

crates/pypi-types/src/parsed_url.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 use url::{ParseError, Url};
 
 use pep508_rs::{Pep508Url, UnnamedRequirementUrl, VerbatimUrl, VerbatimUrlError};
-use uv_git::GitUrl;
+use uv_git::{GitUrl, OidParseError};
 
 use crate::{ArchiveInfo, DirInfo, DirectUrl, VcsInfo, VcsKind};
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub enum ParsedUrlError {
     #[error("Invalid path in file URL: `{0}`")]
     InvalidFileUrl(Url),
     #[error("Failed to parse Git reference from URL: `{0}`")]
-    GitShaParse(Url, #[source] git2::Error),
+    GitShaParse(Url, #[source] OidParseError),
     #[error("Not a valid URL: `{0}`")]
     UrlParse(String, #[source] ParseError),
     #[error(transparent)]

crates/uv-distribution/Cargo.toml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ uv-cache = { workspace = true }
 uv-client = { workspace = true }
 uv-extract = { workspace = true }
 uv-fs = { workspace = true, features = ["tokio"] }
-uv-git = { workspace = true, features = ["vendored-openssl"] }
+uv-git = { workspace = true }
 uv-normalize = { workspace = true }
 uv-types = { workspace = true }
 uv-configuration = { workspace = true }

crates/uv-git/Cargo.toml

@@ -17,20 +17,9 @@ cache-key = { workspace = true }
 uv-fs = { workspace = true }
 
 anyhow = { workspace = true }
-base64 = { workspace = true }
+thiserror = { workspace = true }
 cargo-util = { workspace = true }
-git2 = { workspace = true }
-glob = { workspace = true }
-hmac = { workspace = true }
-home = { workspace = true }
-rand = { workspace = true }
 reqwest = { workspace = true, features = ["blocking"] }
-sha1 = { workspace = true }
 tokio = { workspace = true }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 url = { workspace = true }
-fs-err = { workspace = true }
-
-[features]
-vendored-libgit2 = ["git2/vendored-libgit2"]
-vendored-openssl = ["git2/vendored-openssl"]