[SPARK-33518][ML][FOLLOWUP] MatrixFactorizationModel use GEMV

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
1, update related doc;
2, MatrixFactorizationModel use GEMV;

### Why are the changes needed?
see performance gain in apache#30468

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
NO

### How was this patch tested?
existing testsuites

Closes apache#31279 from zhengruifeng/als_follow_up.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <[email protected]>

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/ml/recommendation/ALS.scala

@@ -435,7 +435,8 @@ class ALSModel private[ml] (
    * relatively efficient, the approach implemented here is significantly more efficient.
    *
    * This approach groups factors into blocks and computes the top-k elements per block,
-   * using dot product and an efficient [[BoundedPriorityQueue]] (instead of gemm).
+   * using GEMV (it use less memory compared with GEMM, and is much faster than DOT) and
+   * an efficient selection based on [[GuavaOrdering]] (instead of [[BoundedPriorityQueue]]).
    * It then computes the global top-k by aggregating the per block top-k elements with
    * a [[TopByKeyAggregator]]. This significantly reduces the size of intermediate and shuffle data.
    * This is the DataFrame equivalent to the approach used in
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@ class ALSModel private[ml] (
           }
 
           Iterator.range(0, m).flatMap { i =>
-            // buffer = i-th vec in srcMat * dstMat
+            // scores = i-th vec in srcMat * dstMat
             BLAS.f2jBLAS.sgemv("T", rank, n, 1.0F, dstMat, 0, rank,
               srcMat, i * rank, 1, 0.0F, scores, 0, 1)
 

mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/recommendation/MatrixFactorizationModel.scala

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import java.lang.{Integer => JavaInteger}
 
 import com.clearspring.analytics.stream.cardinality.HyperLogLogPlus
 import com.github.fommil.netlib.BLAS.{getInstance => blas}
+import com.google.common.collect.{Ordering => GuavaOrdering}
 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
 import org.json4s._
 import org.json4s.JsonDSL._
@@ -37,7 +38,6 @@ import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.{Loader, Saveable}
 import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
 import org.apache.spark.sql.{Row, SparkSession}
 import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel
-import org.apache.spark.util.BoundedPriorityQueue
 
 /**
  * Model representing the result of matrix factorization.
@@ -277,11 +277,12 @@ object MatrixFactorizationModel extends Loader[MatrixFactorizationModel] {
    * arrays required for intermediate result storage, as well as a high sensitivity to the
    * block size used.
    *
-   * The following approach still groups factors into blocks, but instead computes the
-   * top-k elements per block, using dot product and an efficient [[BoundedPriorityQueue]]
-   * (instead of gemm). This avoids any large intermediate data structures and results
-   * in significantly reduced GC pressure as well as shuffle data, which far outweighs
-   * any cost incurred from not using Level 3 BLAS operations.
+   * This approach groups factors into blocks and computes the top-k elements per block,
+   * using GEMV (it use less memory compared with GEMM, and is much faster than DOT) and
+   * an efficient selection based on [[GuavaOrdering]] (instead of [[BoundedPriorityQueue]]).
+   * It then computes the global top-k by aggregating the per block top-k elements with
+   * a [[BoundedPriorityQueue]]. This significantly reduces the size of intermediate and
+   * shuffle data.
    *
    * @param rank rank
    * @param srcFeatures src features to receive recommendations
@@ -295,28 +296,40 @@ object MatrixFactorizationModel extends Loader[MatrixFactorizationModel] {
       srcFeatures: RDD[(Int, Array[Double])],
       dstFeatures: RDD[(Int, Array[Double])],
       num: Int): RDD[(Int, Array[(Int, Double)])] = {
+    import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
     val srcBlocks = blockify(srcFeatures)
     val dstBlocks = blockify(dstFeatures)
-    val ratings = srcBlocks.cartesian(dstBlocks).flatMap { case (srcIter, dstIter) =>
-      val m = srcIter.size
-      val n = math.min(dstIter.size, num)
-      val output = new Array[(Int, (Int, Double))](m * n)
-      var i = 0
-      val pq = new BoundedPriorityQueue[(Int, Double)](n)(Ordering.by(_._2))
-      srcIter.foreach { case (srcId, srcFactor) =>
-        dstIter.foreach { case (dstId, dstFactor) =>
-          // We use F2jBLAS which is faster than a call to native BLAS for vector dot product
-          val score = BLAS.f2jBLAS.ddot(rank, srcFactor, 1, dstFactor, 1)
-          pq += dstId -> score
-        }
-        pq.foreach { case (dstId, score) =>
-          output(i) = (srcId, (dstId, score))
-          i += 1
+
+    val ratings = srcBlocks.cartesian(dstBlocks)
+      .mapPartitions { iter =>
+        var scores: Array[Double] = null
+        var idxOrd: GuavaOrdering[Int] = null
+        iter.flatMap { case ((srcIds, srcMat), (dstIds, dstMat)) =>
+          require(srcMat.length == srcIds.length * rank)
+          require(dstMat.length == dstIds.length * rank)
+          val m = srcIds.length
+          val n = dstIds.length
+          if (scores == null || scores.length < n) {
+            scores = Array.ofDim[Double](n)
+            idxOrd = new GuavaOrdering[Int] {
+              override def compare(left: Int, right: Int): Int = {
+                Ordering[Double].compare(scores(left), scores(right))
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          Iterator.range(0, m).flatMap { i =>
+            // scores = i-th vec in srcMat * dstMat
+            BLAS.f2jBLAS.dgemv("T", rank, n, 1.0F, dstMat, 0, rank,
+              srcMat, i * rank, 1, 0.0F, scores, 0, 1)
+
+            val srcId = srcIds(i)
+            idxOrd.greatestOf(Iterator.range(0, n).asJava, num).asScala
+              .iterator.map { j => (srcId, (dstIds(j), scores(j))) }
+          }
         }
-        pq.clear()
       }
-      output.toSeq
-    }
+
     ratings.topByKey(num)(Ordering.by(_._2))
   }
 
@@ -326,9 +339,10 @@ object MatrixFactorizationModel extends Loader[MatrixFactorizationModel] {
    */
   private def blockify(
       features: RDD[(Int, Array[Double])],
-      blockSize: Int = 4096): RDD[Seq[(Int, Array[Double])]] = {
+      blockSize: Int = 4096): RDD[(Array[Int], Array[Double])] = {
     features.mapPartitions { iter =>
       iter.grouped(blockSize)
+        .map(block => (block.map(_._1).toArray, block.flatMap(_._2).toArray))
     }
   }