Optimized recursive_bubble_sort (TheAlgorithms#2410)

* optimized recursive_bubble_sort

* Fixed doctest error due whitespace

* reduce loop times for optimization

* fixup! Format Python code with psf/black push

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>

arithmetic_analysis/newton_method.py

@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@
 
 
 # function is the f(x) and derivative is the f'(x)
-def newton(function: RealFunc, derivative: RealFunc, starting_int: int,) -> float:
+def newton(
+    function: RealFunc,
+    derivative: RealFunc,
+    starting_int: int,
+) -> float:
     """
     >>> newton(lambda x: x ** 3 - 2 * x - 5, lambda x: 3 * x ** 2 - 2, 3)
     2.0945514815423474

arithmetic_analysis/newton_raphson.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 
 def newton_raphson(func: str, a: int, precision: int = 10 ** -10) -> float:
-    """ Finds root from the point 'a' onwards by Newton-Raphson method
+    """Finds root from the point 'a' onwards by Newton-Raphson method
     >>> newton_raphson("sin(x)", 2)
     3.1415926536808043
     >>> newton_raphson("x**2 - 5*x +2", 0.4)

backtracking/all_permutations.py

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ def generate_all_permutations(sequence):
 
 def create_state_space_tree(sequence, current_sequence, index, index_used):
     """
-        Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
-        We know that each state has exactly len(sequence) - index children.
-        It terminates when it reaches the end of the given sequence.
-        """
+    Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
+    We know that each state has exactly len(sequence) - index children.
+    It terminates when it reaches the end of the given sequence.
+    """
 
     if index == len(sequence):
         print(current_sequence)

backtracking/all_subsequences.py

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ def generate_all_subsequences(sequence):
 
 def create_state_space_tree(sequence, current_subsequence, index):
     """
-        Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
-        We know that each state has exactly two children.
-        It terminates when it reaches the end of the given sequence.
-        """
+    Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
+    We know that each state has exactly two children.
+    It terminates when it reaches the end of the given sequence.
+    """
 
     if index == len(sequence):
         print(current_subsequence)

backtracking/sudoku.py

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def sudoku(grid):
      [7, 4, 5, 2, 8, 6, 3, 1, 9]]
      >>> sudoku(no_solution)
      False
-     """
+    """
 
     if is_completed(grid):
         return grid

backtracking/sum_of_subsets.py

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ def generate_sum_of_subsets_soln(nums, max_sum):
 
 def create_state_space_tree(nums, max_sum, num_index, path, result, remaining_nums_sum):
     """
-        Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
-        It terminates the branching of a node when any of the two conditions
-        given below satisfy.
-        This algorithm follows depth-fist-search and backtracks when the node is not
-        branchable.
+    Creates a state space tree to iterate through each branch using DFS.
+    It terminates the branching of a node when any of the two conditions
+    given below satisfy.
+    This algorithm follows depth-fist-search and backtracks when the node is not
+    branchable.
 
-        """
+    """
     if sum(path) > max_sum or (remaining_nums_sum + sum(path)) < max_sum:
         return
     if sum(path) == max_sum:

blockchain/modular_division.py

@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ def modular_division2(a, b, n):
 
 def extended_gcd(a, b):
     """
-    >>> extended_gcd(10, 6)
-    (2, -1, 2)
+     >>> extended_gcd(10, 6)
+     (2, -1, 2)
 
-    >>> extended_gcd(7, 5)
-    (1, -2, 3)
+     >>> extended_gcd(7, 5)
+     (1, -2, 3)
 
-   ** extended_gcd function is used when d = gcd(a,b) is required in output
+    ** extended_gcd function is used when d = gcd(a,b) is required in output
 
     """
     assert a >= 0 and b >= 0

ciphers/enigma_machine2.py

@@ -17,26 +17,50 @@
 
 # used alphabet --------------------------
 # from string.ascii_uppercase
-abc = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
+abc = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
 
 # -------------------------- default selection --------------------------
 # rotors --------------------------
-rotor1 = 'EGZWVONAHDCLFQMSIPJBYUKXTR'
-rotor2 = 'FOBHMDKEXQNRAULPGSJVTYICZW'
-rotor3 = 'ZJXESIUQLHAVRMDOYGTNFWPBKC'
+rotor1 = "EGZWVONAHDCLFQMSIPJBYUKXTR"
+rotor2 = "FOBHMDKEXQNRAULPGSJVTYICZW"
+rotor3 = "ZJXESIUQLHAVRMDOYGTNFWPBKC"
 # reflector --------------------------
-reflector = {'A': 'N', 'N': 'A', 'B': 'O', 'O': 'B', 'C': 'P', 'P': 'C', 'D': 'Q',
-             'Q': 'D', 'E': 'R', 'R': 'E', 'F': 'S', 'S': 'F', 'G': 'T', 'T': 'G',
-             'H': 'U', 'U': 'H', 'I': 'V', 'V': 'I', 'J': 'W', 'W': 'J', 'K': 'X',
-             'X': 'K', 'L': 'Y', 'Y': 'L', 'M': 'Z', 'Z': 'M'}
+reflector = {
+    "A": "N",
+    "N": "A",
+    "B": "O",
+    "O": "B",
+    "C": "P",
+    "P": "C",
+    "D": "Q",
+    "Q": "D",
+    "E": "R",
+    "R": "E",
+    "F": "S",
+    "S": "F",
+    "G": "T",
+    "T": "G",
+    "H": "U",
+    "U": "H",
+    "I": "V",
+    "V": "I",
+    "J": "W",
+    "W": "J",
+    "K": "X",
+    "X": "K",
+    "L": "Y",
+    "Y": "L",
+    "M": "Z",
+    "Z": "M",
+}
 
 # -------------------------- extra rotors --------------------------
-rotor4 = 'RMDJXFUWGISLHVTCQNKYPBEZOA'
-rotor5 = 'SGLCPQWZHKXAREONTFBVIYJUDM'
-rotor6 = 'HVSICLTYKQUBXDWAJZOMFGPREN'
-rotor7 = 'RZWQHFMVDBKICJLNTUXAGYPSOE'
-rotor8 = 'LFKIJODBEGAMQPXVUHYSTCZRWN'
-rotor9 = 'KOAEGVDHXPQZMLFTYWJNBRCIUS'
+rotor4 = "RMDJXFUWGISLHVTCQNKYPBEZOA"
+rotor5 = "SGLCPQWZHKXAREONTFBVIYJUDM"
+rotor6 = "HVSICLTYKQUBXDWAJZOMFGPREN"
+rotor7 = "RZWQHFMVDBKICJLNTUXAGYPSOE"
+rotor8 = "LFKIJODBEGAMQPXVUHYSTCZRWN"
+rotor9 = "KOAEGVDHXPQZMLFTYWJNBRCIUS"
 
 
 def _validator(rotpos: tuple, rotsel: tuple, pb: str) -> tuple:
@@ -57,19 +81,22 @@ def _validator(rotpos: tuple, rotsel: tuple, pb: str) -> tuple:
 
     unique_rotsel = len(set(rotsel))
     if unique_rotsel < 3:
-        raise Exception(f'Please use 3 unique rotors (not {unique_rotsel})')
+        raise Exception(f"Please use 3 unique rotors (not {unique_rotsel})")
 
     # Checks if rotor positions are valid
     rotorpos1, rotorpos2, rotorpos3 = rotpos
     if not 0 < rotorpos1 <= len(abc):
-        raise ValueError(f'First rotor position is not within range of 1..26 ('
-                         f'{rotorpos1}')
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"First rotor position is not within range of 1..26 (" f"{rotorpos1}"
+        )
     if not 0 < rotorpos2 <= len(abc):
-        raise ValueError(f'Second rotor position is not within range of 1..26 ('
-                         f'{rotorpos2})')
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Second rotor position is not within range of 1..26 (" f"{rotorpos2})"
+        )
     if not 0 < rotorpos3 <= len(abc):
-        raise ValueError(f'Third rotor position is not within range of 1..26 ('
-                         f'{rotorpos3})')
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Third rotor position is not within range of 1..26 (" f"{rotorpos3})"
+        )
 
     # Validates string and returns dict
     pb = _plugboard(pb)
@@ -97,21 +124,21 @@ def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> dict:
     # a) is type string
     # b) has even length (so pairs can be made)
     if not isinstance(pbstring, str):
-        raise TypeError(f'Plugboard setting isn\'t type string ({type(pbstring)})')
+        raise TypeError(f"Plugboard setting isn't type string ({type(pbstring)})")
     elif len(pbstring) % 2 != 0:
-        raise Exception(f'Odd number of symbols ({len(pbstring)})')
-    elif pbstring == '':
+        raise Exception(f"Odd number of symbols ({len(pbstring)})")
+    elif pbstring == "":
         return {}
 
-    pbstring.replace(' ', '')
+    pbstring.replace(" ", "")
 
     # Checks if all characters are unique
     tmppbl = set()
     for i in pbstring:
         if i not in abc:
-            raise Exception(f'\'{i}\' not in list of symbols')
+            raise Exception(f"'{i}' not in list of symbols")
         elif i in tmppbl:
-            raise Exception(f'Duplicate symbol ({i})')
+            raise Exception(f"Duplicate symbol ({i})")
         else:
             tmppbl.add(i)
     del tmppbl
@@ -125,8 +152,12 @@ def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> dict:
     return pb
 
 
-def enigma(text: str, rotor_position: tuple,
-           rotor_selection: tuple = (rotor1, rotor2, rotor3), plugb: str = '') -> str:
+def enigma(
+    text: str,
+    rotor_position: tuple,
+    rotor_selection: tuple = (rotor1, rotor2, rotor3),
+    plugb: str = "",
+) -> str:
     """
     The only difference with real-world enigma is that I allowed string input.
     All characters are converted to uppercase. (non-letter symbol are ignored)
@@ -179,7 +210,8 @@ def enigma(text: str, rotor_position: tuple,
 
     text = text.upper()
     rotor_position, rotor_selection, plugboard = _validator(
-        rotor_position, rotor_selection, plugb.upper())
+        rotor_position, rotor_selection, plugb.upper()
+    )
 
     rotorpos1, rotorpos2, rotorpos3 = rotor_position
     rotor1, rotor2, rotor3 = rotor_selection
@@ -245,12 +277,12 @@ def enigma(text: str, rotor_position: tuple,
     return "".join(result)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    message = 'This is my Python script that emulates the Enigma machine from WWII.'
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    message = "This is my Python script that emulates the Enigma machine from WWII."
     rotor_pos = (1, 1, 1)
-    pb = 'pictures'
+    pb = "pictures"
     rotor_sel = (rotor2, rotor4, rotor8)
     en = enigma(message, rotor_pos, rotor_sel, pb)
 
-    print('Encrypted message:', en)
-    print('Decrypted message:', enigma(en, rotor_pos, rotor_sel, pb))
+    print("Encrypted message:", en)
+    print("Decrypted message:", enigma(en, rotor_pos, rotor_sel, pb))

ciphers/xor_cipher.py

@@ -21,20 +21,20 @@
 class XORCipher:
     def __init__(self, key=0):
         """
-                        simple constructor that receives a key or uses
-                        default key = 0
-                """
+        simple constructor that receives a key or uses
+        default key = 0
+        """
 
         # private field
         self.__key = key
 
     def encrypt(self, content, key):
         """
-                        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
-                        output: encrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
+        output: encrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(key, int) and isinstance(content, str)
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ def encrypt(self, content, key):
 
     def decrypt(self, content, key):
         """
-                        input: 'content' of type list and 'key' of type int
-                        output: decrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: 'content' of type list and 'key' of type int
+        output: decrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(key, int) and isinstance(content, list)
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ def decrypt(self, content, key):
 
     def encrypt_string(self, content, key=0):
         """
-                        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
-                        output: encrypted string 'content'
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
+        output: encrypted string 'content'
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(key, int) and isinstance(content, str)
@@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ def encrypt_string(self, content, key=0):
 
     def decrypt_string(self, content, key=0):
         """
-                        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
-                        output: decrypted string 'content'
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
+        output: decrypted string 'content'
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(key, int) and isinstance(content, str)
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ def decrypt_string(self, content, key=0):
 
     def encrypt_file(self, file, key=0):
         """
-                        input: filename (str) and a key (int)
-                        output: returns true if encrypt process was
-                        successful otherwise false
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: filename (str) and a key (int)
+        output: returns true if encrypt process was
+        successful otherwise false
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(file, str) and isinstance(key, int)
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ def encrypt_file(self, file, key=0):
 
     def decrypt_file(self, file, key):
         """
-                        input: filename (str) and a key (int)
-                        output: returns true if decrypt process was
-                        successful otherwise false
-                        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
-                        otherwise key = 1
-                """
+        input: filename (str) and a key (int)
+        output: returns true if decrypt process was
+        successful otherwise false
+        if key not passed the method uses the key by the constructor.
+        otherwise key = 1
+        """
 
         # precondition
         assert isinstance(file, str) and isinstance(key, int)