feat: implement low-level dependency injection container (cosmos#9666)

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## Description

closes cosmos#9775 
needs cosmos#9658

---

### Author Checklist

*All items are required. Please add a note to the item if the item is not applicable and
please add links to any relevant follow up issues.*

I have...

- [ ] included the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] added `!` to the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] targeted the correct branch (see [PR Targeting](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#pr-targeting))
- [ ] provided a link to the relevant issue or specification
- [ ] followed the guidelines for [building modules](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/docs/building-modules)
- [ ] included the necessary unit and integration [tests](https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#testing)
- [ ] added a changelog entry to `CHANGELOG.md`
- [ ] included comments for [documenting Go code](https://blog.golang.org/godoc)
- [ ] updated the relevant documentation or specification
- [ ] reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary
- [ ] confirmed all CI checks have passed

### Reviewers Checklist

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your handle next to the items reviewed if you only reviewed selected items.*

I have...

- [ ] confirmed the correct [type prefix](https://github.com/commitizen/conventional-commit-types/blob/v3.0.0/index.json) in the PR title
- [ ] confirmed `!` in the type prefix if API or client breaking change
- [ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed 
- [ ] reviewed state machine logic
- [ ] reviewed API design and naming
- [ ] reviewed documentation is accurate
- [ ] reviewed tests and test coverage
- [ ] manually tested (if applicable)

container/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+
+	"github.com/goccy/go-graphviz"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-graphviz/cgraph"
+)
+
+type config struct {
+	// logging
+	loggers   []func(string)
+	indentStr string
+
+	// graphing
+	graphviz      *graphviz.Graphviz
+	graph         *cgraph.Graph
+	visualizers   []func(string)
+	logVisualizer bool
+}
+
+func newConfig() (*config, error) {
+	g := graphviz.New()
+	graph, err := g.Graph()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error initializing graph")
+	}
+
+	return &config{
+		graphviz: g,
+		graph:    graph,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *config) indentLogger() {
+	c.indentStr = c.indentStr + " "
+}
+
+func (c *config) dedentLogger() {
+	if len(c.indentStr) > 0 {
+		c.indentStr = c.indentStr[1:]
+	}
+}
+
+func (c config) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
+	s := fmt.Sprintf(c.indentStr+format, args...)
+	for _, logger := range c.loggers {
+		logger(s)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *config) generateGraph() {
+	buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	err := c.graphviz.Render(c.graph, graphviz.XDOT, buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logf("Error rendering DOT graph: %+v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	dot := buf.String()
+	if c.logVisualizer {
+		c.logf("DOT Graph: %s", dot)
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range c.visualizers {
+		v(dot)
+	}
+
+	err = c.graph.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logf("Error closing graph: %+v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = c.graphviz.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logf("Error closing graphviz: %+v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *config) addFuncVisualizer(f func(string)) {
+	c.visualizers = append(c.visualizers, func(dot string) {
+		f(dot)
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *config) enableLogVisualizer() {
+	c.logVisualizer = true
+}
+
+func (c *config) addFileVisualizer(filename string, format string) {
+	c.visualizers = append(c.visualizers, func(_ string) {
+		err := c.graphviz.RenderFilename(c.graph, graphviz.Format(format), filename)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.logf("Error saving graphviz file %s with format %s: %+v", filename, format, err)
+		} else {
+			path, err := filepath.Abs(filename)
+			if err == nil {
+				c.logf("Saved graph of container to %s", path)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *config) locationGraphNode(location Location, scope Scope) (*cgraph.Node, error) {
+	graph := c.scopeSubGraph(scope)
+	node, found, err := c.findOrCreateGraphNode(graph, location.Name())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if found {
+		return node, nil
+	}
+
+	node.SetShape(cgraph.BoxShape)
+	node.SetColor("lightgrey")
+	return node, nil
+}
+
+func (c *config) typeGraphNode(typ reflect.Type) (*cgraph.Node, error) {
+	node, found, err := c.findOrCreateGraphNode(c.graph, typ.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if found {
+		return node, nil
+	}
+
+	node.SetColor("lightgrey")
+	return node, err
+}
+
+func (c *config) findOrCreateGraphNode(subGraph *cgraph.Graph, name string) (node *cgraph.Node, found bool, err error) {
+	node, err = c.graph.Node(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, errors.Wrapf(err, "error finding graph node %s", name)
+	}
+
+	if node != nil {
+		return node, true, nil
+	}
+
+	node, err = subGraph.CreateNode(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, errors.Wrapf(err, "error creating graph node %s", name)
+	}
+
+	return node, false, nil
+}
+
+func (c *config) scopeSubGraph(scope Scope) *cgraph.Graph {
+	graph := c.graph
+	if scope != nil {
+		gname := fmt.Sprintf("cluster_%s", scope.Name())
+		graph = c.graph.SubGraph(gname, 1)
+		graph.SetLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Scope: %s", scope.Name()))
+	}
+	return graph
+}
+
+func (c *config) addGraphEdge(from *cgraph.Node, to *cgraph.Node) {
+	_, err := c.graph.CreateEdge("", from, to)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logf("error creating graph edge")
+	}
+}