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更新rustup说明
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@Librazy
Librazy committed Jul 25, 2017
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Expand Up @@ -27,9 +27,59 @@ rustup 是rust官方的版本管理工具。应当作为安装 Rust 的首选。

在[rustup的主页](http://www.rustup.rs)下载并运行[rustup-init.exe](https://win.rustup.rs/),并按照提示选择选项。

在Windows下工具链会安装到`%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin`文件夹下并添加到`$PATH`环境变量。
```
Welcome to Rust!
This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust programming
language, and its package manager, Cargo.
It will add the cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands to Cargo's bin
directory, located at:
C:\Users\Liqueur Librazy\.cargo\bin
This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by modifying the
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Environment/PATH registry key.
You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and these changes will
be reverted.
Current installation options:
default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
default toolchain: stable
modify PATH variable: yes
1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
```

三个选项分别是

1) 开始安装（默认选项）
2) 自定义安装
3) 取消

其中自定义安装可以更改默认架构与工具链、是否添加 PATH。例如想要选择 nightly 工具链可以进行以下自定义

```
I'm going to ask you the value of each these installation options.
You may simply press the Enter key to leave unchanged.
Default host triple?
### Linux & OSX
Default toolchain? (stable/beta/nightly)
nightly
Modify PATH variable? (y/n)
```

设置完毕后，选择 1 以开始安装。

### Linux & macOS

运行以下命令

Expand All @@ -39,9 +89,9 @@ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

这个命令将会编译和安装 rustup, 安装过程中可能会提示你输入 sudo 的密码。 然后, 他会下载和安装 stable 版本的工具链, 当执行 rustc, rustdoc 和 cargo 时, 将会配置他为默认工具链。

`Unix` 上安装后工具链会被安装到 `$HOME/.cargo/bin`目录。
`Unix` 上安装后工具链会被安装到 `$HOME/.cargo/bin` 目录。

`.cargo/bin`目录会被添加到系统的`$PATH`环境变量,重新登录后即可使用`rustc`，`cargo`等命令。
`.cargo/bin` 目录会被添加到系统的 `$PATH` 环境变量,重新登录后即可使用 `rustc`，`cargo` 等命令。

## 卸载

Expand All @@ -59,70 +109,93 @@ rustup self uninstall

```
❯ rustup -h
#rustup 0.1.12 (c6e430a 2016-05-12)
#The Rust toolchain installer
#
#USAGE:
# rustup [FLAGS] [SUBCOMMAND]
#
#FLAGS:
# -v, --verbose Enable verbose output
# -h, --help Prints help information
# -V, --version Prints version information
#
#SUBCOMMANDS:
# show Show the active and installed toolchains
# update Update Rust toolchains
# default Set the default toolchain
# toolchain Modify or query the installed toolchains
# target Modify a toolchain's supported targets
# override Modify directory toolchain overrides
# run Run a command with an environment configured for a given toolchain
# which Display which binary will be run for a given command
# doc Open the documentation for the current toolchain.
# self Modify the rustup installation
# telemetry rustup telemetry commands
# help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
#
#rustup installs The Rust Programming Language from the official
#release channels, enabling you to easily switch between stable, beta,
#and nightly compilers and keep them updated. It makes cross-compiling
#simpler with binary builds of the standard library for common platforms.
#
#If you are new to Rust consider running `rustup doc --book`
#to learn Rust.
```
rustup 1.5.0 (92d0d1e9e 2017-06-24)
The Rust toolchain installer
USAGE:
rustup.exe [FLAGS] [SUBCOMMAND]
FLAGS:
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output
-h, --help Prints help information
-V, --version Prints version information
SUBCOMMANDS:
show Show the active and installed toolchains
update Update Rust toolchains and rustup
default Set the default toolchain
toolchain Modify or query the installed toolchains
target Modify a toolchain's supported targets
component Modify a toolchain's installed components
override Modify directory toolchain overrides
run Run a command with an environment configured for a given toolchain
which Display which binary will be run for a given command
doc Open the documentation for the current toolchain
self Modify the rustup installation
set Alter rustup settings
completions Generate completion scripts for your shell
help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
DISCUSSION:
rustup installs The Rust Programming Language from the official
release channels, enabling you to easily switch between stable,
beta, and nightly compilers and keep them updated. It makes
cross-compiling simpler with binary builds of the standard library
for common platforms.
If you are new to Rust consider running `rustup doc --book` to
learn Rust.
根据提示, 使用 `rust help <command>` 来查看子命令的帮助, 基本看这些帮助文档就足够了。

我们可以使用`rustup default <toolchain>` 配置默认的工具链。

其中标准的 `<toolchain>`具有如下的形式
`<channel>[-<date>][-<host>]`

```
<channel> = stable|beta|nightly|<version>
<date> = YYYY-MM-DD
<host> = <target-triple>
```

如`stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc` `nightly-2014-12-18` `1.8.0`等都是合法的toolchain名称。
根据提示, 使用 `rust help <command>` 来查看子命令的帮助。

我们也可以采用[自定义toolchain](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustup.rs#working-with-custom-toolchains)配合rustup。
`rustup doc --book` 会打开英文版的 [The Rust Programming Language](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/)。

下面着重介绍几个常用的命令。
### 常用命令

`rustup override add <toolchain>` 添加一个目录以及其子目录的默认工具链。

`rustup override remove <toolchain>` 删除一个目录以及其子目录的默认工具链。
`rustup default <toolchain>` 配置默认工具链。

`rustup show` 显示当前安装的工具链信息。

`rustup toolchain install <toolchain>` 安装特定的的工具链。

`rustup toolchain link <toolchain-name> "<toolchain-path>"` 设置自定义工具链。

`rustup target add <target>` 设置工具链的可用目标。

`rustup update` 检查安装工具链的更新。
`rustup update` 检查安装更新。

`rustup toolchain [SUBCOMMAND]` 配置工具链

> * `rustup toolchain install <toolchain>` 安装工具链。
> * `rustup toolchain uninstall <toolchain>` 卸载工具链。
> * `rustup toolchain link <toolchain-name> "<toolchain-path>"` 设置[自定义工具链](https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rustup.rs#working-with-custom-toolchains-and-local-builds)。
>
> 其中标准的 `<toolchain>`具有如下的形式
> ```
> `<channel>[-<date>][-<host>]`
> <channel> = stable|beta|nightly|<version>
> <date> = YYYY-MM-DD
> <host> = <target-triple>
> ```
> 如 `stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc` `nightly-2017-7-25` `1.18.0` 等都是合法的toolchain名称。
`rustup override [SUBCOMMAND]` 配置一个目录以及其子目录的默认工具链
> 使用 `--path <path>` 指定目录或在某个目录下运行以下命令
>
> * `rustup override set <toolchain>` 设置该目录以及其子目录的默认工具链。
> * `rustup override unset` 取消目录以及其子目录的默认工具链。
>
> 使用 `rustup override list` 查看已设置的默认工具链。
`rustup target [SUBCOMMAND]` 配置工具链的可用目标
> * `rustup target add <target>` 安装目标。
> * `rustup target remove <target>` 卸载目标。
> * `rustup target add --toolchain <toolchain> <target>` 为特定工具链安装目标。
`rustup component` 配置 rustup 安装的组件
> * `rustup component add <component>` 安装组件
> * `rustup component remove <component>` 卸载组件
> * `rustup component list` 列出可用组件
>
> 常用组件：
> * Rust 源代码 `rustup component add rust-src`
> * Rust Langular Server (RLS) `rustup component add rls`

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