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# Deno Docs | ||
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- [English](./en) | ||
- [简体中文](./zh-cn) |
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# Deno Docs | ||
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- [Introduction](./introduction.md) | ||
- [Getting Started](./getting_started.md) | ||
- [Installation](./getting_started/installation.md) | ||
- [Setup your environment](./getting_started/setup_your_environment.md) | ||
- [First steps](./getting_started/first_steps.md) | ||
- [Permissions](./getting_started/permissions.md) | ||
- [Using TypeScript](./getting_started/typescript.md) | ||
- [Using WebAssembly](./getting_started/wasm.md) | ||
- [The Runtime](./runtime.md) | ||
- [Program Lifecycle](./runtime/program_lifecycle.md) | ||
- [Compiler APIs](./runtime/compiler_apis.md) | ||
- [Unstable APIs](./runtime/unstable.md) | ||
- [Linking to external code](./linking_to_external_code.md) | ||
- [Reloading modules](./linking_to_external_code/reloading_modules.md) | ||
- [Integrity checking](./linking_to_external_code/integrity_checking.md) | ||
- [Proxies](./linking_to_external_code/proxies.md) | ||
- [Import maps](./linking_to_external_code/import_maps.md) | ||
- [Testing](./testing.md) | ||
- [Writing tests](./testing/writing.md) | ||
- [Running tests](./testing/running.md) | ||
- [Plugins](./plugins.md) | ||
- [How do plugins work?](./plugins/how_do_plugins_work.md) | ||
- [Creating plugins](./plugins/creating_plugins.md) | ||
- [Using plugins](./plugins/using_plugins.md) | ||
- [Tools](./tools.md) | ||
- [Debugger](./tools/debugger.md) | ||
- [Script installer](./tools/script_installer.md) | ||
- [Formatter](./tools/formatter.md) | ||
- [Bundler](./tools/bundler.md) | ||
- [Documentation generator](./tools/documentation_generator.md) | ||
- [Dependency inspector](./tools/dependency_inspector.md) | ||
- [Embedding Deno](./embedding_deno.md) | ||
- [Contributing](./contributing.md) | ||
- [Building from source](./contributing/building_from_source.md) | ||
- [Development tools](./contributing/development_tools.md) | ||
- [Architecture](./contributing/architecture.md) | ||
- [Examples](./examples.md) | ||
- [Unix cat program](./examples/unix_cat.md) | ||
- [File server](./examples/fileserver.md) | ||
- [TCP echo server](./examples/tcp_echo.md) | ||
- [Creating a subprocess](./examples/subprocess.md) | ||
- [Inspecting and revoking permissions](./examples/permissions.md) | ||
- [OS Signals](./examples/os_signals.md) | ||
- [File system events](./examples/file_system_events.md) | ||
- [Checking if file is main](./examples/testing_if_main.md) |
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# Contributing | ||
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- Read the [style guide](style_guide.md). | ||
- Progress towards future releases is tracked | ||
[here](https://github.com/denoland/deno/milestones). | ||
- Please don't make [the benchmarks](https://deno.land/benchmarks.html) worse. | ||
- Ask for help in the [community chat room](https://discord.gg/TGMHGv6). | ||
- If you are going to work on an issue, mention so in the issue comments | ||
_before_ you start working on the issue. | ||
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## Development | ||
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Instructions on how to build from source can be found | ||
[here](./building-from-source). | ||
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## Submitting a Pull Request | ||
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Before submitting, please make sure the following is done: | ||
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1. That there is a related issue and it is referenced in the PR text. | ||
2. There are tests that cover the changes. | ||
3. Ensure `cargo test` passes. | ||
4. Format your code with `tools/format.py` | ||
5. Make sure `./tools/lint.py` passes. | ||
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## Changes to `third_party` | ||
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[`deno_third_party`](https://github.com/denoland/deno_third_party) contains most | ||
of the external code that Deno depends on, so that we know exactly what we are | ||
executing at any given time. It is carefully maintained with a mixture of manual | ||
labor and private scripts. It's likely you will need help from @ry or | ||
@piscisaureus to make changes. | ||
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## Adding Ops (aka bindings) | ||
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We are very concerned about making mistakes when adding new APIs. When adding an | ||
Op to Deno, the counterpart interfaces on other platforms should be researched. | ||
Please list how this functionality is done in Go, Node, Rust, and Python. | ||
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As an example, see how `Deno.rename()` was proposed and added in | ||
[PR #671](https://github.com/denoland/deno/pull/671). | ||
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## Documenting APIs | ||
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It is important to document public APIs and we want to do that inline with the | ||
code. This helps ensure that code and documentation are tightly coupled | ||
together. | ||
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### Utilize JSDoc | ||
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All publicly exposed APIs and types, both via the `deno` module as well as the | ||
global/`window` namespace should have JSDoc documentation. This documentation is | ||
parsed and available to the TypeScript compiler, and therefore easy to provide | ||
further downstream. JSDoc blocks come just prior to the statement they apply to | ||
and are denoted by a leading `/**` before terminating with a `*/`. For example: | ||
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```ts | ||
/** A simple JSDoc comment */ | ||
export const FOO = "foo"; | ||
``` |
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## Internal details | ||
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### Deno and Linux analogy | ||
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| **Linux** | **Deno** | | ||
| ------------------------------: | :------------------------------- | | ||
| Processes | Web Workers | | ||
| Syscalls | Ops | | ||
| File descriptors (fd) | [Resource ids (rid)](#resources) | | ||
| Scheduler | Tokio | | ||
| Userland: libc++ / glib / boost | https://deno.land/std/ | | ||
| /proc/\$\$/stat | [Deno.metrics()](#metrics) | | ||
| man pages | deno types | | ||
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#### Resources | ||
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Resources (AKA `rid`) are Deno's version of file descriptors. They are integer | ||
values used to refer to open files, sockets, and other concepts. For testing it | ||
would be good to be able to query the system for how many open resources there | ||
are. | ||
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```ts | ||
const { resources, close } = Deno; | ||
console.log(resources()); | ||
// { 0: "stdin", 1: "stdout", 2: "stderr" } | ||
close(0); | ||
console.log(resources()); | ||
// { 1: "stdout", 2: "stderr" } | ||
``` | ||
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#### Metrics | ||
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Metrics is Deno's internal counter for various statistics. | ||
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```shell | ||
> console.table(Deno.metrics()) | ||
┌──────────────────┬────────┐ | ||
│ (index) │ Values │ | ||
├──────────────────┼────────┤ | ||
│ opsDispatched │ 9 │ | ||
│ opsCompleted │ 9 │ | ||
│ bytesSentControl │ 504 │ | ||
│ bytesSentData │ 0 │ | ||
│ bytesReceived │ 856 │ | ||
└──────────────────┴────────┘ | ||
``` | ||
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### Schematic diagram | ||
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![architectural schematic](https://deno.land/images/schematic_v0.2.png) |
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## Building from source | ||
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Below are instructions on how to build Deno from source. If you just want to use | ||
Deno you can download a prebuilt executable (more information in the | ||
`Getting Started` chapter). | ||
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### Cloning the Repository | ||
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Clone on Linux or Mac: | ||
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```bash | ||
git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/denoland/deno.git | ||
``` | ||
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Extra steps for Windows users: | ||
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1. [Enable "Developer Mode"](https://www.google.com/search?q=windows+enable+developer+mode) | ||
(otherwise symlinks would require administrator privileges). | ||
2. Make sure you are using git version 2.19.2.windows.1 or newer. | ||
3. Set `core.symlinks=true` before the checkout: | ||
```bash | ||
git config --global core.symlinks true | ||
git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/denoland/deno.git | ||
``` | ||
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### Prerequisites | ||
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The easiest way to build Deno is by using a precompiled version of V8: | ||
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``` | ||
cargo build -vv | ||
``` | ||
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However if you want to build Deno and V8 from source code: | ||
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``` | ||
V8_FROM_SOURCE=1 cargo build -vv | ||
``` | ||
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When building V8 from source, there are more dependencies: | ||
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[Python 2](https://www.python.org/downloads). Ensure that a suffix-less | ||
`python`/`python.exe` exists in your `PATH` and it refers to Python 2, | ||
[not 3](https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/464#issuecomment-411795578). | ||
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For Linux users glib-2.0 development files must also be installed. (On Ubuntu, | ||
run `apt install libglib2.0-dev`.) | ||
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Mac users must have [XCode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode/) installed. | ||
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For Windows users: | ||
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1. Get [VS Community 2019](https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/) with | ||
"Desktop development with C++" toolkit and make sure to select the following | ||
required tools listed below along with all C++ tools. | ||
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- Visual C++ tools for CMake | ||
- Windows 10 SDK (10.0.17763.0) | ||
- Testing tools core features - Build Tools | ||
- Visual C++ ATL for x86 and x64 | ||
- Visual C++ MFC for x86 and x64 | ||
- C++/CLI support | ||
- VC++ 2015.3 v14.00 (v140) toolset for desktop | ||
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2. Enable "Debugging Tools for Windows". Go to "Control Panel" → "Programs" → | ||
"Programs and Features" → Select "Windows Software Development Kit - Windows | ||
10" → "Change" → "Change" → Check "Debugging Tools For Windows" → "Change" -> | ||
"Finish". Or use: | ||
[Debugging Tools for Windows](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/) | ||
(Notice: it will download the files, you should install | ||
`X64 Debuggers And Tools-x64_en-us.msi` file manually.) | ||
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See [rusty_v8's README](https://github.com/denoland/rusty_v8) for more details | ||
about the V8 build. | ||
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### Building | ||
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Build with Cargo: | ||
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```bash | ||
# Build: | ||
cargo build -vv | ||
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# Build errors? Ensure you have latest master and try building again, or if that doesn't work try: | ||
cargo clean && cargo build -vv | ||
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# Run: | ||
./target/debug/deno cli/tests/002_hello.ts | ||
``` |
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