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procfs: mark thread stack correctly in proc/<pid>/maps
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Stack for a new thread is mapped by userspace code and passed via
sys_clone.  This memory is currently seen as anonymous in
/proc/<pid>/maps, which makes it difficult to ascertain which mappings
are being used for thread stacks.  This patch uses the individual task
stack pointers to determine which vmas are actually thread stacks.

For a multithreaded program like the following:

	#include <pthread.h>

	void *thread_main(void *foo)
	{
		while(1);
	}

	int main()
	{
		pthread_t t;
		pthread_create(&t, NULL, thread_main, NULL);
		pthread_join(t, NULL);
	}

proc/PID/maps looks like the following:

    00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    00600000-00601000 rw-p 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    019ef000-01a10000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
    7f8a44491000-7f8a44492000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a44c92000-7f8a44e3d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a44e3d000-7f8a4503d000 ---p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4503d000-7f8a45041000 r--p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45041000-7f8a45043000 rw-p 001af000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45043000-7f8a45048000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45048000-7f8a4505f000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4505f000-7f8a4525e000 ---p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525e000-7f8a4525f000 r--p 00016000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525f000-7f8a45260000 rw-p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45260000-7f8a45264000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45264000-7f8a45286000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45457000-7f8a4545a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45484000-7f8a45485000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45485000-7f8a45486000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45486000-7f8a45487000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45487000-7f8a45488000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7fff6273b000-7fff6275c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    7fff627ff000-7fff62800000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
    ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]

Here, one could guess that 7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 is a stack since
the earlier vma that has no permissions (7f8a44e3d000-7f8a4503d000) but
that is not always a reliable way to find out which vma is a thread
stack.  Also, /proc/PID/maps and /proc/PID/task/TID/maps has the same
content.

With this patch in place, /proc/PID/task/TID/maps are treated as 'maps
as the task would see it' and hence, only the vma that that task uses as
stack is marked as [stack].  All other 'stack' vmas are marked as
anonymous memory.  /proc/PID/maps acts as a thread group level view,
where all thread stack vmas are marked as [stack:TID] where TID is the
process ID of the task that uses that vma as stack, while the process
stack is marked as [stack].

So /proc/PID/maps will look like this:

    00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    00600000-00601000 rw-p 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    019ef000-01a10000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
    7f8a44491000-7f8a44492000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack:1442]
    7f8a44c92000-7f8a44e3d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a44e3d000-7f8a4503d000 ---p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4503d000-7f8a45041000 r--p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45041000-7f8a45043000 rw-p 001af000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45043000-7f8a45048000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45048000-7f8a4505f000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4505f000-7f8a4525e000 ---p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525e000-7f8a4525f000 r--p 00016000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525f000-7f8a45260000 rw-p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45260000-7f8a45264000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45264000-7f8a45286000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45457000-7f8a4545a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45484000-7f8a45485000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45485000-7f8a45486000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45486000-7f8a45487000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45487000-7f8a45488000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7fff6273b000-7fff6275c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    7fff627ff000-7fff62800000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
    ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]

Thus marking all vmas that are used as stacks by the threads in the
thread group along with the process stack.  The task level maps will
however like this:

    00400000-00401000 r-xp 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    00600000-00601000 rw-p 00000000 fd:0a 3671804                            /home/siddhesh/a.out
    019ef000-01a10000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [heap]
    7f8a44491000-7f8a44492000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    7f8a44c92000-7f8a44e3d000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a44e3d000-7f8a4503d000 ---p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4503d000-7f8a45041000 r--p 001ab000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45041000-7f8a45043000 rw-p 001af000 fd:00 2097482                    /lib64/libc-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45043000-7f8a45048000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45048000-7f8a4505f000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4505f000-7f8a4525e000 ---p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525e000-7f8a4525f000 r--p 00016000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a4525f000-7f8a45260000 rw-p 00017000 fd:00 2099938                    /lib64/libpthread-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45260000-7f8a45264000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45264000-7f8a45286000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45457000-7f8a4545a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45484000-7f8a45485000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7f8a45485000-7f8a45486000 r--p 00021000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45486000-7f8a45487000 rw-p 00022000 fd:00 2097348                    /lib64/ld-2.14.90.so
    7f8a45487000-7f8a45488000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7fff6273b000-7fff6275c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
    7fff627ff000-7fff62800000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                          [vdso]
    ffffffffff600000-ffffffffff601000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0                  [vsyscall]

where only the vma that is being used as a stack by *that* task is
marked as [stack].

Analogous changes have been made to /proc/PID/smaps,
/proc/PID/numa_maps, /proc/PID/task/TID/smaps and
/proc/PID/task/TID/numa_maps. Relevant snippets from smaps and
numa_maps:

    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ pgrep a.out
    1441
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/smaps | grep "\[stack"
    7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack:1442]
    7fff6273b000-7fff6275c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/task/1442/smaps | grep "\[stack"
    7f8a44492000-7f8a44c92000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/task/1441/smaps | grep "\[stack"
    7fff6273b000-7fff6275c000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                          [stack]
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/numa_maps | grep "stack"
    7f8a44492000 default stack:1442 anon=2 dirty=2 N0=2
    7fff6273a000 default stack anon=3 dirty=3 N0=3
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/task/1442/numa_maps | grep "stack"
    7f8a44492000 default stack anon=2 dirty=2 N0=2
    [siddhesh@localhost ~ ]$ cat /proc/1441/task/1441/numa_maps | grep "stack"
    7fff6273a000 default stack anon=3 dirty=3 N0=3

[[email protected]: checkpatch fixes]
[[email protected]: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Siddhesh Poyarekar <[email protected]>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexander Viro <[email protected]>
Cc: Jamie Lokier <[email protected]>
Cc: Mike Frysinger <[email protected]>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <[email protected]>
Cc: Matt Mackall <[email protected]>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>
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@siddhesh @torvalds
siddhesh authored and torvalds committed Mar 22, 2012
1 parent 9e81130 commit b764375
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Showing 7 changed files with 313 additions and 63 deletions.
32 changes: 30 additions & 2 deletions Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ Table 1-4: Contents of the stat files (as of 2.6.30-rc7)
rsslim current limit in bytes on the rss
start_code address above which program text can run
end_code address below which program text can run
start_stack address of the start of the stack
start_stack address of the start of the main process stack
esp current value of ESP
eip current value of EIP
pending bitmap of pending signals
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ address perms offset dev inode pathname
a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack:1001]
a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -357,11 +357,39 @@ is not associated with a file:

[heap] = the heap of the program
[stack] = the stack of the main process
[stack:1001] = the stack of the thread with tid 1001
[vdso] = the "virtual dynamic shared object",
the kernel system call handler

or if empty, the mapping is anonymous.

The /proc/PID/task/TID/maps is a view of the virtual memory from the viewpoint
of the individual tasks of a process. In this file you will see a mapping marked
as [stack] if that task sees it as a stack. This is a key difference from the
content of /proc/PID/maps, where you will see all mappings that are being used
as stack by all of those tasks. Hence, for the example above, the task-level
map, i.e. /proc/PID/task/TID/maps for thread 1001 will look like this:

08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test
0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0
a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack]
a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6
a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0
a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2
aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]

The /proc/PID/smaps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory
consumption for each of the process's mappings. For each of mappings there
Expand Down
12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions fs/proc/base.c
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2989,9 +2989,9 @@ static const struct pid_entry tgid_base_stuff[] = {
INF("cmdline", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_cmdline),
ONE("stat", S_IRUGO, proc_tgid_stat),
ONE("statm", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_statm),
REG("maps", S_IRUGO, proc_maps_operations),
REG("maps", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_maps_operations),
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
REG("numa_maps", S_IRUGO, proc_numa_maps_operations),
REG("numa_maps", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_numa_maps_operations),
#endif
REG("mem", S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, proc_mem_operations),
LNK("cwd", proc_cwd_link),
Expand All @@ -3002,7 +3002,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tgid_base_stuff[] = {
REG("mountstats", S_IRUSR, proc_mountstats_operations),
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, proc_clear_refs_operations),
REG("smaps", S_IRUGO, proc_smaps_operations),
REG("smaps", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_smaps_operations),
REG("pagemap", S_IRUGO, proc_pagemap_operations),
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -3348,9 +3348,9 @@ static const struct pid_entry tid_base_stuff[] = {
INF("cmdline", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_cmdline),
ONE("stat", S_IRUGO, proc_tid_stat),
ONE("statm", S_IRUGO, proc_pid_statm),
REG("maps", S_IRUGO, proc_maps_operations),
REG("maps", S_IRUGO, proc_tid_maps_operations),
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
REG("numa_maps", S_IRUGO, proc_numa_maps_operations),
REG("numa_maps", S_IRUGO, proc_tid_numa_maps_operations),
#endif
REG("mem", S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR, proc_mem_operations),
LNK("cwd", proc_cwd_link),
Expand All @@ -3360,7 +3360,7 @@ static const struct pid_entry tid_base_stuff[] = {
REG("mountinfo", S_IRUGO, proc_mountinfo_operations),
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_PAGE_MONITOR
REG("clear_refs", S_IWUSR, proc_clear_refs_operations),
REG("smaps", S_IRUGO, proc_smaps_operations),
REG("smaps", S_IRUGO, proc_tid_smaps_operations),
REG("pagemap", S_IRUGO, proc_pagemap_operations),
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
Expand Down
9 changes: 6 additions & 3 deletions fs/proc/internal.h
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ extern int proc_pid_statm(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
struct pid *pid, struct task_struct *task);
extern loff_t mem_lseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int orig);

extern const struct file_operations proc_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_numa_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_smaps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_pid_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_tid_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_pid_numa_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_tid_numa_maps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_pid_smaps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_tid_smaps_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_clear_refs_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_pagemap_operations;
extern const struct file_operations proc_net_operations;
Expand Down
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