core, eth, les, tests, trie: abstract node scheme (#25532)

This PR introduces a node scheme abstraction. The interface is only implemented by `hashScheme` at the moment, but will be extended by `pathScheme` very soon.

Apart from that, a few changes are also included which is worth mentioning:

-  port the changes in the stacktrie, tracking the path prefix of nodes during commit
-  use ethdb.Database for constructing trie.Database. This is not necessary right now, but it is required for path-based used to open reverse diff freezer

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/metrics"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ var (
 		Name:      "init",
 		Usage:     "Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block",
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
-		Flags:     utils.DatabasePathFlags,
+		Flags:     flags.Merge([]cli.Flag{utils.CachePreimagesFlag}, utils.DatabasePathFlags),
 		Description: `
 The init command initializes a new genesis block and definition for the network.
 This is a destructive action and changes the network in which you will be
@@ -188,12 +189,16 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Open and initialise both full and light databases
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
+
 	for _, name := range []string{"chaindata", "lightchaindata"} {
 		chaindb, err := stack.OpenDatabaseWithFreezer(name, 0, 0, ctx.String(utils.AncientFlag.Name), "", false)
 		if err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Failed to open database: %v", err)
 		}
-		_, hash, err := core.SetupGenesisBlock(chaindb, genesis)
+		triedb := trie.NewDatabaseWithConfig(chaindb, &trie.Config{
+			Preimages: ctx.Bool(utils.CachePreimagesFlag.Name),
+		})
+		_, hash, err := core.SetupGenesisBlock(chaindb, triedb, genesis)
 		if err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Failed to write genesis block: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -460,7 +465,10 @@ func dump(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabase(db), nil)
+	config := &trie.Config{
+		Preimages: true, // always enable preimage lookup
+	}
+	state, err := state.New(root, state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, config), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

core/blockchain.go

@@ -169,10 +169,12 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	chainConfig *params.ChainConfig // Chain & network configuration
 	cacheConfig *CacheConfig        // Cache configuration for pruning
 
-	db     ethdb.Database // Low level persistent database to store final content in
-	snaps  *snapshot.Tree // Snapshot tree for fast trie leaf access
-	triegc *prque.Prque   // Priority queue mapping block numbers to tries to gc
-	gcproc time.Duration  // Accumulates canonical block processing for trie dumping
+	db         ethdb.Database // Low level persistent database to store final content in
+	snaps      *snapshot.Tree // Snapshot tree for fast trie leaf access
+	triegc     *prque.Prque   // Priority queue mapping block numbers to tries to gc
+	gcproc     time.Duration  // Accumulates canonical block processing for trie dumping
+	triedb     *trie.Database // The database handler for maintaining trie nodes.
+	stateCache state.Database // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
 
 	// txLookupLimit is the maximum number of blocks from head whose tx indices
 	// are reserved:
@@ -200,7 +202,6 @@ type BlockChain struct {
 	currentFinalizedBlock atomic.Value // Current finalized head
 	currentSafeBlock      atomic.Value // Current safe head
 
-	stateCache    state.Database // State database to reuse between imports (contains state cache)
 	bodyCache     *lru.Cache[common.Hash, *types.Body]
 	bodyRLPCache  *lru.Cache[common.Hash, rlp.RawValue]
 	receiptsCache *lru.Cache[common.Hash, []*types.Receipt]
@@ -231,10 +232,16 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		cacheConfig = defaultCacheConfig
 	}
 
+	// Open trie database with provided config
+	triedb := trie.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{
+		Cache:     cacheConfig.TrieCleanLimit,
+		Journal:   cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal,
+		Preimages: cacheConfig.Preimages,
+	})
 	// Setup the genesis block, commit the provided genesis specification
 	// to database if the genesis block is not present yet, or load the
 	// stored one from database.
-	chainConfig, genesisHash, genesisErr := SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db, genesis, overrides)
+	chainConfig, genesisHash, genesisErr := SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db, triedb, genesis, overrides)
 	if _, ok := genesisErr.(*params.ConfigCompatError); genesisErr != nil && !ok {
 		return nil, genesisErr
 	}
@@ -247,15 +254,11 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	log.Info("")
 
 	bc := &BlockChain{
-		chainConfig: chainConfig,
-		cacheConfig: cacheConfig,
-		db:          db,
-		triegc:      prque.New(nil),
-		stateCache: state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{
-			Cache:     cacheConfig.TrieCleanLimit,
-			Journal:   cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal,
-			Preimages: cacheConfig.Preimages,
-		}),
+		chainConfig:   chainConfig,
+		cacheConfig:   cacheConfig,
+		db:            db,
+		triedb:        triedb,
+		triegc:        prque.New(nil),
 		quit:          make(chan struct{}),
 		chainmu:       syncx.NewClosableMutex(),
 		bodyCache:     lru.NewCache[common.Hash, *types.Body](bodyCacheLimit),
@@ -268,6 +271,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		vmConfig:      vmConfig,
 	}
 	bc.forker = NewForkChoice(bc, shouldPreserve)
+	bc.stateCache = state.NewDatabaseWithNodeDB(bc.db, bc.triedb)
 	bc.validator = NewBlockValidator(chainConfig, bc, engine)
 	bc.prefetcher = newStatePrefetcher(chainConfig, bc, engine)
 	bc.processor = NewStateProcessor(chainConfig, bc, engine)
@@ -300,7 +304,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 	}
 	// Make sure the state associated with the block is available
 	head := bc.CurrentBlock()
-	if _, err := state.New(head.Root(), bc.stateCache, bc.snaps); err != nil {
+	if !bc.HasState(head.Root()) {
 		// Head state is missing, before the state recovery, find out the
 		// disk layer point of snapshot(if it's enabled). Make sure the
 		// rewound point is lower than disk layer.
@@ -388,7 +392,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 		var recover bool
 
 		head := bc.CurrentBlock()
-		if layer := rawdb.ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(bc.db); layer != nil && *layer > head.NumberU64() {
+		if layer := rawdb.ReadSnapshotRecoveryNumber(bc.db); layer != nil && *layer >= head.NumberU64() {
 			log.Warn("Enabling snapshot recovery", "chainhead", head.NumberU64(), "diskbase", *layer)
 			recover = true
 		}
@@ -398,7 +402,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 			NoBuild:    bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotNoBuild,
 			AsyncBuild: !bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotWait,
 		}
-		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapconfig, bc.db, bc.stateCache.TrieDB(), head.Root())
+		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(snapconfig, bc.db, bc.triedb, head.Root())
 	}
 
 	// Start future block processor.
@@ -411,11 +415,10 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, genesis *Genesis
 			log.Warn("Sanitizing invalid trie cache journal time", "provided", bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanRejournal, "updated", time.Minute)
 			bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanRejournal = time.Minute
 		}
-		triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()
 		bc.wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer bc.wg.Done()
-			triedb.SaveCachePeriodically(bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal, bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanRejournal, bc.quit)
+			bc.triedb.SaveCachePeriodically(bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal, bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanRejournal, bc.quit)
 		}()
 	}
 	// Rewind the chain in case of an incompatible config upgrade.
@@ -594,7 +597,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, root common.Hash, repair bo
 					if root != (common.Hash{}) && !beyondRoot && newHeadBlock.Root() == root {
 						beyondRoot, rootNumber = true, newHeadBlock.NumberU64()
 					}
-					if _, err := state.New(newHeadBlock.Root(), bc.stateCache, bc.snaps); err != nil {
+					if !bc.HasState(newHeadBlock.Root()) {
 						log.Trace("Block state missing, rewinding further", "number", newHeadBlock.NumberU64(), "hash", newHeadBlock.Hash())
 						if pivot == nil || newHeadBlock.NumberU64() > *pivot {
 							parent := bc.GetBlock(newHeadBlock.ParentHash(), newHeadBlock.NumberU64()-1)
@@ -617,7 +620,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) setHeadBeyondRoot(head uint64, root common.Hash, repair bo
 							// if the historical chain pruning is enabled. In that case the logic
 							// needs to be improved here.
 							if !bc.HasState(bc.genesisBlock.Root()) {
-								if err := CommitGenesisState(bc.db, bc.genesisBlock.Hash()); err != nil {
+								if err := CommitGenesisState(bc.db, bc.triedb, bc.genesisBlock.Hash()); err != nil {
 									log.Crit("Failed to commit genesis state", "err", err)
 								}
 								log.Debug("Recommitted genesis state to disk")
@@ -900,7 +903,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
 	//  - HEAD-1:   So we don't do large reorgs if our HEAD becomes an uncle
 	//  - HEAD-127: So we have a hard limit on the number of blocks reexecuted
 	if !bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled {
-		triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()
+		triedb := bc.triedb
 
 		for _, offset := range []uint64{0, 1, TriesInMemory - 1} {
 			if number := bc.CurrentBlock().NumberU64(); number > offset {
@@ -932,8 +935,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) Stop() {
 	// Ensure all live cached entries be saved into disk, so that we can skip
 	// cache warmup when node restarts.
 	if bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal != "" {
-		triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()
-		triedb.SaveCache(bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal)
+		bc.triedb.SaveCache(bc.cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal)
 	}
 	log.Info("Blockchain stopped")
 }
@@ -1306,24 +1308,22 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	triedb := bc.stateCache.TrieDB()
-
 	// If we're running an archive node, always flush
 	if bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyDisabled {
-		return triedb.Commit(root, false, nil)
+		return bc.triedb.Commit(root, false, nil)
 	} else {
 		// Full but not archive node, do proper garbage collection
-		triedb.Reference(root, common.Hash{}) // metadata reference to keep trie alive
+		bc.triedb.Reference(root, common.Hash{}) // metadata reference to keep trie alive
 		bc.triegc.Push(root, -int64(block.NumberU64()))
 
 		if current := block.NumberU64(); current > TriesInMemory {
 			// If we exceeded our memory allowance, flush matured singleton nodes to disk
 			var (
-				nodes, imgs = triedb.Size()
+				nodes, imgs = bc.triedb.Size()
 				limit       = common.StorageSize(bc.cacheConfig.TrieDirtyLimit) * 1024 * 1024
 			)
 			if nodes > limit || imgs > 4*1024*1024 {
-				triedb.Cap(limit - ethdb.IdealBatchSize)
+				bc.triedb.Cap(limit - ethdb.IdealBatchSize)
 			}
 			// Find the next state trie we need to commit
 			chosen := current - TriesInMemory
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 						log.Info("State in memory for too long, committing", "time", bc.gcproc, "allowance", bc.cacheConfig.TrieTimeLimit, "optimum", float64(chosen-lastWrite)/TriesInMemory)
 					}
 					// Flush an entire trie and restart the counters
-					triedb.Commit(header.Root, true, nil)
+					bc.triedb.Commit(header.Root, true, nil)
 					lastWrite = chosen
 					bc.gcproc = 0
 				}
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) writeBlockWithState(block *types.Block, receipts []*types.
 					bc.triegc.Push(root, number)
 					break
 				}
-				triedb.Dereference(root.(common.Hash))
+				bc.triedb.Dereference(root.(common.Hash))
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals, setHead bool)
 		stats.processed++
 		stats.usedGas += usedGas
 
-		dirty, _ := bc.stateCache.TrieDB().Size()
+		dirty, _ := bc.triedb.Size()
 		stats.report(chain, it.index, dirty, setHead)
 
 		if !setHead {

core/blockchain_reader.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
 // CurrentHeader retrieves the current head header of the canonical chain. The
@@ -375,6 +376,11 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) TxLookupLimit() uint64 {
 	return bc.txLookupLimit
 }
 
+// TrieDB retrieves the low level trie database used for data storage.
+func (bc *BlockChain) TrieDB() *trie.Database {
+	return bc.triedb
+}
+
 // SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent registers a subscription of RemovedLogsEvent.
 func (bc *BlockChain) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
 	return bc.scope.Track(bc.rmLogsFeed.Subscribe(ch))

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
 // BlockGen creates blocks for testing.
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 // then generate chain on top.
 func GenerateChainWithGenesis(genesis *Genesis, engine consensus.Engine, n int, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) (ethdb.Database, []*types.Block, []types.Receipts) {
 	db := rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
-	_, err := genesis.Commit(db)
+	_, err := genesis.Commit(db, trie.NewDatabase(db))
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}