MiniMagick

A ruby wrapper for ImageMagick command line.

Why?

I was using RMagick and loving it, but it was eating up huge amounts of memory. Even a simple script would use over 100MB of RAM. On my local machine this wasn't a problem, but on my hosting server the ruby apps would crash because of their 100MB memory limit.

Solution!

Using MiniMagick the ruby processes memory remains small (it spawns ImageMagick's command line program mogrify which takes up some memory as well, but is much smaller compared to RMagick). See Thinking of switching from RMagick? below.

MiniMagick gives you access to all the command line options ImageMagick has (found here).

Requirements

ImageMagick command-line tool has to be installed. You can check if you have it installed by running

$ magick -version
Version: ImageMagick 7.1.1-33 Q16-HDRI aarch64 22263 https://imagemagick.org
Copyright: (C) 1999 ImageMagick Studio LLC
License: https://imagemagick.org/script/license.php
Features: Cipher DPC HDRI Modules OpenMP(5.0)
Delegates (built-in): bzlib fontconfig freetype gslib heic jng jp2 jpeg jxl lcms lqr ltdl lzma openexr png ps raw tiff webp xml zlib zstd
Compiler: gcc (4.2)

Installation

Add the gem to your Gemfile:

$ bundle add mini_magick

Information

• API documentation

Usage

Let's first see a basic example of resizing an image.

require "mini_magick"

image = MiniMagick::Image.open("input.jpg")
image.path #=> "/var/folders/k7/6zx6dx6x7ys3rv3srh0nyfj00000gn/T/magick20140921-75881-1yho3zc.jpg"
image.resize "100x100"
image.format "png"
image.write "output.png"

MiniMagick::Image.open makes a copy of the image, and further methods modify that copy (the original stays untouched). We then resize the image, and write it to a file. The writing part is necessary because the copy is just temporary, it gets garbage collected when we lose reference to the image.

MiniMagick::Image.open also accepts URLs, and options passed in will be forwarded to open-uri.

image = MiniMagick::Image.open("http://example.com/image.jpg")
image.contrast
image.write("from_internets.jpg")

On the other hand, if we want the original image to actually get modified, we can use MiniMagick::Image.new.

image = MiniMagick::Image.new("input.jpg")
image.path #=> "input.jpg"
image.resize "100x100"
# Not calling #write, because it's not a copy

Combine options

While using methods like #resize directly is convenient, if we use more methods in this way, it quickly becomes inefficient, because it calls the command on each methods call. MiniMagick::Image#combine_options takes multiple options and from them builds one single command.

image.combine_options do |b|
  b.resize "250x200>"
  b.rotate "-90"
  b.flip
end # the command gets executed

As a handy shortcut, MiniMagick::Image.new also accepts an optional block which is used to combine_options.

image = MiniMagick::Image.new("input.jpg") do |b|
  b.resize "250x200>"
  b.rotate "-90"
  b.flip
end # the command gets executed

The yielded builder is an instance of MiniMagick::Tool. To learn more about its interface, see Tools below.

Attributes

A MiniMagick::Image has various handy attributes.

image.type        #=> "JPEG"
image.width       #=> 250
image.height      #=> 300
image.dimensions  #=> [250, 300]
image.size        #=> 3451 (in bytes)
image.colorspace  #=> "DirectClass sRGB"
image.exif        #=> {"DateTimeOriginal" => "2013:09:04 08:03:39", ...}
image.resolution  #=> [75, 75]
image.signature   #=> "60a7848c4ca6e36b8e2c5dea632ecdc29e9637791d2c59ebf7a54c0c6a74ef7e"

If you need more control, you can also access raw image attributes:

image["%[gamma]"] # "0.9"

To get the all information about the image, MiniMagick gives you a handy method which returns the output from magick input.jpg json::

image.data #=>
# {
#   "format": "JPEG",
#   "mimeType": "image/jpeg",
#   "class": "DirectClass",
#   "geometry": {
#     "width": 200,
#     "height": 276,
#     "x": 0,
#     "y": 0
#   },
#   "resolution": {
#     "x": "300",
#     "y": "300"
#   },
#   "colorspace": "sRGB",
#   "channelDepth": {
#     "red": 8,
#     "green": 8,
#     "blue": 8
#   },
#   "quality": 92,
#   "properties": {
#     "date:create": "2016-07-11T19:17:53+08:00",
#     "date:modify": "2016-07-11T19:17:53+08:00",
#     "exif:ColorSpace": "1",
#     "exif:ExifImageLength": "276",
#     "exif:ExifImageWidth": "200",
#     "exif:ExifOffset": "90",
#     "exif:Orientation": "1",
#     "exif:ResolutionUnit": "2",
#     "exif:XResolution": "300/1",
#     "exif:YResolution": "300/1",
#     "icc:copyright": "Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company",
#     "icc:description": "sRGB IEC61966-2.1",
#     "icc:manufacturer": "IEC http://www.iec.ch",
#     "icc:model": "IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB",
#     "jpeg:colorspace": "2",
#     "jpeg:sampling-factor": "1x1,1x1,1x1",
#     "signature": "1b2336f023e5be4a9f357848df9803527afacd4987ecc18c4295a272403e52c1"
#   },
#   ...
# }

Pixels

With MiniMagick you can retrieve a matrix of image pixels, where each member of the matrix is a 3-element array of numbers between 0-255, one for each range of the RGB color channels.

image = MiniMagick::Image.open("image.jpg")
pixels = image.get_pixels
pixels[3][2][1] # the green channel value from the 4th-row, 3rd-column pixel

It can also be called after applying transformations:

image = MiniMagick::Image.open("image.jpg")
image.crop "20x30+10+5"
image.colorspace "Gray"
pixels = image.get_pixels

Pixels To Image

Sometimes when you have pixels and want to create image from pixels, you can do this to form an image:

image = MiniMagick::Image.open('/Users/rabin/input.jpg')
pixels = image.get_pixels
depth = 8
dimension = [image.width, image.height]
map = 'rgb'
image = MiniMagick::Image.get_image_from_pixels(pixels, dimension, map, depth ,'jpg')
image.write('/Users/rabin/output.jpg')

In this example, the returned pixels should now have equal R, G, and B values.

Configuration

Here are the available configuration options with their default values:

MiniMagick.configure do |config|
  config.timeout = nil # number of seconds IM commands may take
  config.errors = true # raise errors non nonzero exit status
  config.warnings = true # forward warnings to standard error
  config.tmdir = Dir.tmpdir # alternative directory for tempfiles
  config.logger = Logger.new($stdout) # where to log IM commands
  config.cli_prefix = nil # add prefix to all IM commands
end

For a more information, see Configuration API documentation.

Composite

MiniMagick also allows you to composite images:

first_image  = MiniMagick::Image.new("first.jpg")
second_image = MiniMagick::Image.new("second.jpg")
result = first_image.composite(second_image) do |c|
  c.compose "Over"    # OverCompositeOp
  c.geometry "+20+20" # copy second_image onto first_image from (20, 20)
end
result.write "output.jpg"

Layers/Frames/Pages

For multilayered images you can access its layers.

gif.frames #=> [...]
pdf.pages  #=> [...]
psd.layers #=> [...]

gif.frames.each_with_index do |frame, idx|
  frame.write("frame#{idx}.jpg")
end

Image validation

You can test whether an image is valid by running it through identify:

image.valid?
image.validate! # raises MiniMagick::Invalid if image is invalid

Logging

You can choose to log MiniMagick commands and their execution times:

MiniMagick.logger.level = Logger::DEBUG

D, [2016-03-19T07:31:36.755338 #87191] DEBUG -- : [0.01s] identify /var/folders/k7/6zx6dx6x7ys3rv3srh0nyfj00000gn/T/mini_magick20160319-87191-1ve31n1.jpg

In Rails you'll probably want to set MiniMagick.logger = Rails.logger.

Tools

If you prefer not to use the MiniMagick::Image abstraction, you can use ImageMagick's command-line tools directly:

MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "input.jpg"
  convert.resize("100x100")
  convert.negate
  convert << "output.jpg"
end #=> `magick input.jpg -resize 100x100 -negate output.jpg`

# OR

convert = MiniMagick.convert
convert << "input.jpg"
convert.resize("100x100")
convert.negate
convert << "output.jpg"
convert.call #=> `magick input.jpg -resize 100x100 -negate output.jpg`

This way of using MiniMagick is highly recommended if you want to maximize performance of your image processing. There are class methods for each CLI tool: animate, compare, composite, conjure, convert, display, identify, import, mogrify and stream. The MiniMagick.convert method will use magick on ImageMagick 7 and convert on ImageMagick 6.

Appending

The most basic way of building a command is appending strings:

MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "input.jpg"
  convert.merge! ["-resize", "500x500", "-negate"]
  convert << "output.jpg"
end

Note that it is important that every command you would pass to the command line has to be separated with <<, e.g.:

# GOOD
convert << "-resize" << "500x500"

# BAD
convert << "-resize 500x500"

Shell escaping is also handled for you. If an option has a value that has spaces inside it, just pass it as a regular string.

convert << "-distort"
convert << "Perspective"
convert << "0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35"

magick -distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35'

Methods

Instead of passing in options directly, you can use Ruby methods:

convert.resize("500x500")
convert.rotate(90)
convert.distort("Perspective", "0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35")

Chaining

Every method call returns self, so you can chain them to create logical groups.

MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "input.jpg"
  convert.clone(0).background('gray').shadow('80x5+5+5')
  convert.negate
  convert << "output.jpg"
end

"Plus" options

MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "input.jpg"
  convert.repage.+
  convert.distort.+("Perspective", "more args")
end

magick input.jpg +repage +distort Perspective 'more args'

Stacks

MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "wand.gif"

  convert.stack do |stack|
    stack << "wand.gif"
    stack.rotate(30)
    stack.foo("bar", "baz")
  end
  # or
  convert.stack("wand.gif", { rotate: 30, foo: ["bar", "baz"] })

  convert << "images.gif"
end

magick wand.gif \( wand.gif -rotate 90 -foo bar baz \) images.gif

STDIN and STDOUT

If you want to pass something to standard input, you can pass the :stdin option to #call:

identify = MiniMagick.identify
identify.stdin # alias for "-"
identify.call(stdin: image_content)

MiniMagick also has #stdout alias for "-" for outputting file contents to standard output:

content = MiniMagick.convert do |convert|
  convert << "input.jpg"
  convert.auto_orient
  convert.stdout # alias for "-"
end

Capturing STDERR

Some MiniMagick tools such as compare output the result of the command on standard error, even if the command succeeded. The result of MiniMagick::Tool#call is always the standard output, but if you pass it a block, it will yield the stdout, stderr and exit status of the command:

compare = MiniMagick.compare
# build the command
compare.call do |stdout, stderr, status|
  # ...
end

Configuring

GraphicsMagick

As of MiniMagick 5+, GraphicsMagick isn't officially supported. However, you can still configure MiniMagick to use it:

MiniMagick.configure do |config|
  config.cli_prefix = "gm"
end

Some MiniMagick features won't be supported, such as global timeout, MiniMagick::Image#data and MiniMagick::Image#exif.

Limiting resources

ImageMagick supports a number of environment variables for controlling its resource limits. For example, you can enforce memory or execution time limits by setting the following variables in your application's process environment:

• MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT=128MiB
• MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT=64MiB
• MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT=30

For a full list of variables and description, see ImageMagick's resources documentation.

Changing temporary directory

ImageMagick allows you to change the temporary directory to process the image file:

MiniMagick.configure do |config|
  config.tmpdir = File.join(Dir.tmpdir, "/my/new/tmp_dir")
end

The example directory /my/new/tmp_dir must exist and must be writable.

If not configured, it will default to Dir.tmpdir.

Ignoring STDERR

If you're receiving warnings from ImageMagick that you don't care about, you can avoid them being forwarded to standard error:

MiniMagick.configure do |config|
  config.warnings = false
end

Avoiding raising errors

This gem raises an error when ImageMagick returns a nonzero exit code. Sometimes, however, ImageMagick returns nonzero exit codes when the command actually went ok. In these cases, to avoid raising errors, you can add the following configuration:

MiniMagick.configure do |config|
  config.errors = false
end

You can also pass errors: false to individual commands:

MiniMagick.identify(errors: false) do |b|
  b.help
end

Thinking of switching from RMagick?

Unlike RMagick, MiniMagick is a much thinner wrapper around ImageMagick.

• To piece together MiniMagick commands refer to the Mogrify Documentation. For instance you can use the -flop option as image.flop.
• Operations on a MiniMagick image tend to happen in-place as image.trim, whereas RMagick has both copying and in-place methods like image.trim and image.trim!.
• To open files with MiniMagick you use MiniMagick::Image.open as you would Magick::Image.read. To open a file and directly edit it, use MiniMagick::Image.new.