Chronicle-Wire

Version

About

Chronicle Wire is a Wire Format abstraction library, The purpose of Chronicle Wire is to address the following concerns in a consistent manner:

Application configuration. (Using YAML)
Data serialization (YAML, binary YAML, JSON, Raw binary data, CSV)
Accessing off-heap memory in a thread-safe manner. (Bind to shared off-heap memory)
High performance data exchange using binary formats. Only include as much meta data as you need.

Design

Chronicle Wire uses Chronicle Bytes for bytes manipulation, and Chronicle Core for low level JVM access.

Why are these concerns conflated?

Often you want to use these interchangeably.

Configuration includes aliased type information. This supports easy extension by adding new classes/versions, and cross-platform using type aliasing.
By supporting types, a configuration file can bootstrap itself. You control how the configuration file is decoded. See datagrid.yaml.
To send the configuration of a server to a client, or from a client to a server.
To store the configuration of a data store in its header.
In configuration, to be able to create any object or component.
Save a configuration after you have changed it.
To be able to share data in memory between processes in a thread-safe manner.

Features

Chronicle Wire supports a separation of describing what data you want to store and retrieve, and how it should be rendered/parsed. Chronicle Wire handles a variety of formatting options, for a wide range of formats.

A key aim of Chronicle Wire is to support schema changes. It should make reasonable attempts to handle:

optional fields
fields in a different order
fields that the consumer doesn’t expect; optionally parsing them, or ignoring them
more or less data than expected; in field-less formats
reading a different type to the one written
updating fixed-length fields, automatically where possible using a bound data structure.
dynamic updates of Enums or objects passed-by-name

Chronicle Wire will also be efficient where any, or all, of the following points are true:

fields are in the order expected
fields are the type expected
fields names/numbers are not used
self-describing types are not needed
random access of data values is supported.

Chronicle Wire is designed to make it easy to convert from one wire format to another. For example, you can use fixed-width binary data in memory for performance, and variable-width or text over the network. Different TCP connections could use different formats.

Chronicle Wire also supports hybrid wire formats. For example, you can have one format embedded in another.

Support

This library requires Java 8. Support for C++ and C# is planned.

Text Formats

The text formats include:

YAML - subset of mapping structures included
JSON - superset to support serialization
CSV - superset to support serialization
XML - planned
FIX - proposed

Options include:

field names (for example, JSON), or field numbers (for example, FIX)
optional fields with default values that can be dropped
zero-copy access to fields - planned
thread-safe operations in text - planned

To support wire format discovery, the first byte should be in the ASCII range; adding an ASCII whitespace if needed.

Binary Formats

The binary formats include:

binary YAML.
delta compressing Binary YAML. This is a Chronicle Wire Enterprise feature
typed data without fields
raw untyped fieldless data
BSON (Binary JSON) - planned

Options for Binary format:

field names or field numbers
variable width
optional fields with a default value can be dropped
fixed width data with zero copy support
thread-safe operations

Note: Chronicle Wire supports debug/transparent combinations like self-describing data with zero copy support.

To support wire format discovery, the first bytes should have the top bit set.

Using Wire

Simple use case

First you need to have a buffer to write to. This can be a byte[], a ByteBuffer, off-heap memory, or even an address and length that you have obtained from some other library.

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed.
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Now you can choose which format you are using. As the wire formats are themselves unbuffered, you can use them with the same buffer, but in general using one wire format is easier.

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);
// or
WireType wireType = WireType.TEXT;
Wire wireB = wireType.apply(bytes);
// or
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);
// or
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes3 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire3 = new RawWire(bytes3);

So now you can write to the wire with a simple document.

wire.write("message").text("Hello World")
      .write("number").int64(1234567890L)
      .write("code").asEnum(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
      .write("price").float64(10.50);

System.out.println(bytes);

prints

message: Hello World
number: 1234567890
code: SECONDS
price: 10.5

// The same code for BinaryWire
wire2.write("message").text("Hello World")
        .write("number").int64(1234567890L)
        .write("code").asEnum(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .write("price").float64(10.50);

System.out.println(bytes2.toHexString());

prints

00000000 c7 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65  eb 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 ·message ·Hello W
00000010 6f 72 6c 64 c6 6e 75 6d  62 65 72 a6 d2 02 96 49 orld·num ber····I
00000020 c4 63 6f 64 65 e7 53 45  43 4f 4e 44 53 c5 70 72 ·code·SE CONDS·pr
00000030 69 63 65 90 00 00 28 41                          ice···(A

Using RawWire strips away all the meta data to reduce the size of the message, and improves speed. The down-side is that we cannot easily see what the message contains.

// The same code for RawWire
wire3.write("message").text("Hello World")
        .write("number").int64(1234567890L)
        .write("code").asEnum(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .write("price").float64(10.50);

System.out.println(bytes3.toHexString());

prints in RawWire.

00000000 0b 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57  6f 72 6c 64 d2 02 96 49 ·Hello W orld···I
00000010 00 00 00 00 07 53 45 43  4f 4e 44 53 00 00 00 00 ·····SEC ONDS····
00000020 00 00 25 40                                      ··%@

Simple example with a data type

This example is much the same as the previous section, with the code required wrapped in a method. See Section "The code for the class Data" for the code for Data.

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed.
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);

Data data = new Data("Hello World", 1234567890L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, 10.50);
data.writeMarshallable(wire);
System.out.println(bytes);

Data data2= new Data();
data2.readMarshallable(wire);
System.out.println(data2);

prints

message: Hello World
number: 1234567890
code: NANOSECONDS
price: 10.5

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

To write in binary instead

Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);

data.writeMarshallable(wire2);
System.out.println(bytes2.toHexString());

Data data3= new Data();
data3.readMarshallable(wire2);
System.out.println(data3);

prints

00000000 c7 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65  eb 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 ·message ·Hello W
00000010 6f 72 6c 64 c6 6e 75 6d  62 65 72 a6 d2 02 96 49 orld·num ber····I
00000020 c8 74 69 6d 65 55 6e 69  74 eb 4e 41 4e 4f 53 45 ·timeUni t·NANOSE
00000030 43 4f 4e 44 53 c5 70 72  69 63 65 90 00 00 28 41 CONDS·pr ice···(A

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

Simple example with a nested data type

In this example the data is marshalled as a nested data structure.

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed.
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);

Data data = new Data("Hello World", 1234567890L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, 10.50);
wire.write("mydata").marshallable(data);
System.out.println(bytes);

Data data2= new Data();
wire.read("mydata").marshallable(data2);
System.out.println(data2);

prints

mydata: {
  message: Hello World,
  number: 1234567890,
  timeUnit: NANOSECONDS,
  price: 10.5
}

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

To write in binary instead

Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);

wire2.write("mydata").marshallable(data);
System.out.println(bytes2.toHexString());

Data data3= new Data();
wire2.read("mydata").marshallable(data3);
System.out.println(data3);

prints

00000000 c6 6d 79 64 61 74 61 82  40 00 00 00 c7 6d 65 73 ·mydata· @····mes
00000010 73 61 67 65 eb 48 65 6c  6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 sage·Hel lo World
00000020 c6 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 a6  d2 02 96 49 c8 74 69 6d ·number· ···I·tim
00000030 65 55 6e 69 74 eb 4e 41  4e 4f 53 45 43 4f 4e 44 eUnit·NA NOSECOND
00000040 53 c5 70 72 69 63 65 90  00 00 28 41             S·price· ··(A

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

Simple example with a data type with a type

In this example, the type is encoded with the data. Instead of showing the entire package name which will almost certainly not work on any other platform, an alias for the type is used. It also means the message is shorter and faster.

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed.
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);

ClassAliasPool.CLASS_ALIASES.addAlias(Data.class);

Data data = new Data("Hello World", 1234567890L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, 10.50);
wire.write("mydata").object(data);
System.out.println(bytes);

Data data2= wire.read("mydata").object(Data.class);
System.out.println(data2);

prints

mydata: !Data {
  message: Hello World,
  number: 1234567890,
  timeUnit: NANOSECONDS,
  price: 10.5
}

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

To write in binary instead

Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);

wire2.write("mydata").object(data);
System.out.println(bytes2.toHexString());

Data data3 = wire2.read("mydata").object(Data.class);
System.out.println(data3);

prints

00000000 c6 6d 79 64 61 74 61 b6  04 44 61 74 61 82 40 00 ·mydata· ·Data·@·
00000010 00 00 c7 6d 65 73 73 61  67 65 eb 48 65 6c 6c 6f ···messa ge·Hello
00000020 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 c6 6e  75 6d 62 65 72 a6 d2 02  World·n umber···
00000030 96 49 c8 74 69 6d 65 55  6e 69 74 eb 4e 41 4e 4f ·I·timeU nit·NANO
00000040 53 45 43 4f 4e 44 53 c5  70 72 69 63 65 90 00 00 SECONDS· price···
00000050 28 41                                            (A

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

Write a message with a thread-safe size prefix

The benefits of using this approach are that:

The reader (tailer) is blocked until the message is completely written.
If you have concurrent writers (appenders):
- If the message size is not known, other writers will be blocked until the message is written completely.
- If the message size is known, other writers will leave buffer space for this writer to complete writing the message and concurrently write beyond the known size.

Figure 1 indicates the mechanism of thread-safe message writing. There is a 32-bit field called "len" in the start of the message that an appender writes to buffer. The "len" field includes:

"complete" flag that shows whether the appender has completed writing this message or not.
"metadata" flag that shows whether this data is metadata.
the actual size of data in the remaining 30 bits of the "len" field.

After completing writing the message, the appender returns to the "len" field and sets the "complete" flag to one so that it indicates the message was written completely. Afterwards, the reader starts reading the message. If the message size is not known, appender 2 also stops writing until the message is written completely. If the size of the message is known, appender 2 leaves the required space for appender 1’s message and concurrently writes beyond that, as Figure 1 shows.

Figure 1. Thread-safe message writting

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed.
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);
ClassAliasPool.CLASS_ALIASES.addAlias(Data.class);
Data data = new Data("Hello World", 1234567890L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS, 10.50);

// writeDocument() blocks other readers and writers, until the writing of this
// data is completed. See the above comment.
wire.writeDocument(false, data);
System.out.println(Wires.fromSizePrefixedBlobs(bytes));

Data data2= new Data();
wire.readDocument(null, data2);
System.out.println(data2);

prints

--- !!data
message: Hello World
number: 1234567890
timeUnit: NANOSECONDS
price: 10.5

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

To write in binary instead

Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);

wire2.writeDocument(false, data);
System.out.println(Wires.fromSizePrefixedBlobs(bytes2));

Data data3= new Data();
wire2.readDocument(null, data3);
System.out.println(data3);

prints

--- !!data #binary
message: Hello World
number: !int 1234567890
timeUnit: NANOSECONDS
price: 10.5

Data{message='Hello World', number=1234567890, timeUnit=NANOSECONDS, price=10.5}

Write a message with a sequence of records

// Bytes which wraps a ByteBuffer which is resized as needed
Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();

Wire wire = new TextWire(bytes);

ClassAliasPool.CLASS_ALIASES.addAlias(Data.class);

Data[] data = {
        new Data("Hello World", 98765, TimeUnit.HOURS, 1.5),
        new Data("G'Day All", 1212121, TimeUnit.MINUTES, 12.34),
        new Data("Howyall", 1234567890L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, 1000)
};
wire.writeDocument(false, w -> w.write("mydata")
        .sequence(v -> Stream.of(data).forEach(v::object)));

System.out.println(Wires.fromSizePrefixedBlobs(bytes));

List<Data> dataList = new ArrayList<>();
wire.readDocument(null, w -> w.read("mydata")
        .sequence(dataList, (l, v) -> {
            while (v.hasNextSequenceItem())
                l.add(v.object(Data.class));
       }));

dataList.forEach(System.out::println);

prints

--- !!data
mydata: [
  !Data {
    message: Hello World,
    number: 98765,
    timeUnit: HOURS,
    price: 1.5
},
  !Data {
    message: G'Day All,
    number: 1212121,
    timeUnit: MINUTES,
    price: 12.34
},
  !Data {
    message: Howyall,
    number: 1234567890,
    timeUnit: SECONDS,
    price: 1E3
}
]

Data{message='Hello World', number=98765, timeUnit=HOURS, price=1.5}
Data{message='G'Day All', number=1212121, timeUnit=MINUTES, price=12.34}
Data{message='Howyall', number=1234567890, timeUnit=SECONDS, price=1000.0}

To write in binary instead

Bytes<ByteBuffer> bytes2 = Bytes.elasticByteBuffer();
Wire wire2 = new BinaryWire(bytes2);

wire2.writeDocument(false, w -> w.write("mydata")
        .sequence(v -> Stream.of(data).forEach(v::object)));
System.out.println(Wires.fromSizePrefixedBlobs(bytes2));

List<Data> dataList2 = new ArrayList<>();
wire2.readDocument(null, w -> w.read("mydata")
        .sequence(dataList2, (l, v) -> {
            while (v.hasNextSequenceItem())
                l.add(v.object(Data.class));
        }));

dataList2.forEach(System.out::println);

prints

--- !!data #binary
mydata: [
  !Data {
    message: Hello World,
    number: !int 98765,
    timeUnit: HOURS,
    price: 1.5
},
  !Data {
    message: G'Day All,
    number: 1212121,
    timeUnit: MINUTES,
    price: 12.34
},
  !Data {
    message: Howyall,
    number: !int 1234567890,
    timeUnit: SECONDS,
    price: !int 1000
}
]

Data{message='Hello World', number=98765, timeUnit=HOURS, price=1.5}
Data{message='G'Day All', number=1212121, timeUnit=MINUTES, price=12.34}
Data{message='Howyall', number=1234567890, timeUnit=SECONDS, price=1000.0}

Using the `ClassAliasPool`

This example shows how to pass your classes to ClassAliasPool.CLASS_ALIASES.addAlias(Class… classes), to create alias names for them so that you can refer to them without using the complete name of their packages.

// Create two classes Data1 and Data2 and add only the Data1.class to alias pool.
static {
        ClassAliasPool.CLASS_ALIASES.addAlias(Data1.class);
}

private static class Data1 extends SelfDescribingMarshallable {
    String name;
    int age;
    String address;
}

private static class Data2 extends SelfDescribingMarshallable {
    String name;
    int age;
    String address;
}

// Create instances of Data1 and Data2
Data1 data1 = new Data1();
data1.name = "James";
data1.age = 20;
data1.address = "12 Kingston, London";

Data2 data2 = new Data2();
data2.name = "James";
data2.age = 20;
data2.address = "12 Kingston, London";

Printing out data1 and data2, you will see that the alias name is printed out for data1 but data2 appears with complete package name.

System.out.println(data1);
System.out.println(data2);

prints:

!Data1 {
  name: James,
  age: 20,
  address: "12 Kingston, London"
}

!run.chronicle.wire.demo.Example7$Data2 {
  name: James,
  age: 20,
  address: "12 Kingston, London"
}

Create configuration files cfg1.yaml and cfg2.yaml. See how the classes' names appear differently in yaml files for classes with alias name and without alias name. For Data1 object alias name is used in the yaml file (cfg1.yaml). Data2 object should be loaded from a yaml file with the complete name of class (including package name) otherwise you will receive an Exception.

cfg1.yaml

!Data1 {
  name: Tom,
  age: 25,
  address: "21 High street, Liverpool"
}

cfg2.yaml

!run.chronicle.wire.demo.Example7$Data2 {
  name: Helen,
  age: 19,
  address: "15 Royal Way, Liverpool"
}

Create instances of Data1 and Data2 by reading the above configuration files and print the created objects:

Data1 o1 = WireType.TEXT.fromFile("cfg1.yaml");
System.out.println("o1 = " + o1);

prints:

o1 = !Data1 {
name: Tom,
age: 25,
address: "21 High street, Liverpool"
}

and

Data2 o2 = WireType.TEXT.fromFile("cfg2.yaml");
System.out.println("o2 = " + o2);

prints:

o2 = !run.chronicle.wire.demo.Example7$Data2 {
name: Helen,
age: 19,
address: "15 Royal Way, Liverpool"
}

You will see the complete package name for o2 object.

The code for the class Data

class Data implements Marshallable {
    private String message;
    private long number;
    private TimeUnit timeUnit;
    private double price;

    public Data() {
    }

    public Data(String message, long number, TimeUnit timeUnit, double price) {
        this.message = message;
        this.number = number;
        this.timeUnit = timeUnit;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public void setNumber(long number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price){
        this.price =price;
    }

    public void setTimeUnit(TimeUnit timeUnit){
        this.timeUnit = timeUnit;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public long getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public TimeUnit getTimeUnit() {
        return timeUnit;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    @Override
    public void readMarshallable(WireIn wire) throws IllegalStateException {
        wire.read("message").text(this, Data::setMessage)
                .read("number").int64(this, Data::setNumber)
                .read("timeUnit").asEnum(TimeUnit.class, this, Data::setTimeUnit)
                .read("price").float64(this,Data::setPrice);
    }

    @Override
    public void writeMarshallable(WireOut wire) {
        wire.write("message").text(message)
                .write("number").int64(number)
                .write("timeUnit").asEnum(timeUnit)
                .write("price").float64(price);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Data{" +
                "message='" + message + '\'' +
                ", number=" + number +
                ", timeUnit=" + timeUnit +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }
}

A note on `Wires.reset()`

Chronicle Wire allows (and encourages) objects to be re-used in order to reduce allocation rates.

When a marshallable object is re-used or initialised by the framework, it is first reset by way of Marshallable.reset() which is recommended over calling Wires.reset(). In the case of most DTOs with simple scalar values, this will not cause any issues. However, more complicated objects with object instance fields may experience undesired behaviour.

In order to reset a marshallable object, the process is as follows:

create a new instance of the object to be reset
copy all fields from the new instance to the existing instance
the existing instance is now considered 'reset' back to default values

The object created in step 1 is cached for performance reasons, meaning that both the new and existing instance of the marshallable object could have a reference to the same object.

While this will not be a problem for primitive or immutable values (for example, int, Long, String), a mutable field such as ByteBuffer will cause problems. Consider the following case:

private static final class BufferContainer {
    private ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
}

@Test
public void shouldDemonstrateMutableFieldIssue2() {
    // create 2 instances of a marshallable POJO
    final BufferContainer c1 = new BufferContainer();
    final BufferContainer c2 = new BufferContainer();
    // reset both instances - this will set each container's
    // b field to a 'default' value
    Wires.reset(c1);
    Wires.reset(c2);
    // write to the buffer in c1
    c1.b.putInt(42);
    // inspect the buffer in both c1 and c2
    System.out.println(c1.b.position());
    System.out.println(c2.b.position());
    System.out.println(c1.b == c2.b);
}

The output of the test above is:

4
4
true

showing that the field b of each container object is now referencing the same ByteBuffer instance.

In order to work around this, if necessary, the marshallable class can override Marshallable.reset:

private static final class BufferContainer implements Marshallable {
    private ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);

    @Override
    public void reset() {
        // or acquire from a pool if allocation should
        // be kept to a minimum
        b = ByteBuffer.allocate(16);
    }
}

Binding to a field value

While serialized data can be updated by replacing a whole record, this might not be the most efficient option, nor thread-safe.

Chronicle Wire offers the ability to bind a reference to a fixed value of a field, and perform atomic operations on that field; for example, volatile read/write, and compare-and-swap.

   // field to cache the location and object used to reference a field.
   private LongValue counter = null;

   // find the field and bind an approritae wrapper for the wire format.
   wire.read(COUNTER).int64(counter, x -> counter = x);

   // thread safe across processes on the same machine.
   long id = counter.getAndAdd(1);

Other types are supported; for example, 32-bit integer values, and an array of 64-bit integer values.

Pass-by-name or Dynamic Enums

Chronicle Wire supports passing objects reference by the name() of the object referenced. This is supported trivially with enum which define a name() for you. e.g.

Passing a reference to an enum using it’s name

enum ServerId {
    LN_A
}

interface Output {
    void serverId(ServerId serverId);
}

// later
Output out; // is a MethodWriter

out.serverId(ServerId.LN_A);

Message on the Wire

serverId: LN_A

However, we might wish to alter metadata associated with the enum

enum ServerId implements DynamicEnum {
    LN_A(101);

    public int priority;
}

Not passing by name

Sometimes you need to pass the actually data, esp the first time. This can be achieved by using the @AsMarshallable annotation which will always pass the object as a typedMarshallable.

public class RefData extends AbstractEventCfg<RefData> {
    @AsMarshallable
    private DynamicEnum data;

    public RefData(DynamicEnum data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public DynamicEnum data() {
        return data;
    }
}

You can choose to update the existing enum with this information.

public void refData(RefData refData) {
    DynamicEnum.updateEnum(refData.data);
}

refData: {
    eventId: GUI,
    eventTime: 2020-09-09T09:09:09.999,
    data: !ServerId {
        name: LN_A,
        priority: 128
    }
}

Note	You can add an enum which didn’t exist.

refData: {
    eventId: GUI,
    eventTime: 2020-09-09T09:09:09.999,
    data: !ServerId {
        name: HK_A,
        priority: 200
    }
}

Note	You can’t use an enum before it is defined, this is assumed to be in input error.

Pass by reference

You may wish to pass by reference a data type which is not an enum. This can be done by adding DynamicEnum to a regular class and adding a name field.

class MyData implements DynamicEnum {
    public static final MyData ONE = new MyData("One"); // used as a predefined object
    public static final MyData TWO = new MyData("Two"); // used as a predefined object
    private String name; // set via reflection.

    @Override public String name() { return name; }
}

Note	This is particularly useful if you have a class which must extend another parent.

myData: One # uses predefined value
...
myData: Two # uses predefined value
...
refData: {
    eventId: GUI,
    eventTime: 2020-09-09T09:09:09.999,
    data:  !MyData {
        name: Three
   }
}
...
myData: Three # use the one just defined
...
myData: Four # will error as doesn't exist.
...

The consumer doesn’t need to do anything special to use the new enum, however the producer need to create it in code as follows.

ServerId serverId = EnumCache.of(ServerId.class).nameFor("HK_A");
serverId.priority(200);
out.refData(new RefData(serverId));

MyData myData = EnumCache.of(MyData.class).nameFor("Three");
out.refData(new RefData(myData));

Note	The unique key for these objects is their type and name. Two objects of different types can have the same name.

Important

These objects passed by reference are never cleaned up. Only use them when there is likely to be a limited number of them over the life of the application.

Using @MethodId

You can assign a method id to a method using the annotation @MethodId(long int: id). The provided id should be unique across all classes using the same MethodReader/Writer, therefore it is safe practice to use unique method id in your entire system. A method name can be determined from its method id and this results in saving memory when calling the method. The following example shows the difference between memory usage when using method id and when not using it. In this example the method saysomethingnice() has been annotated with MethodId(7) and it has been called from shouldDetermineMethodNamesFromMethodIds().

public void shouldDetermineMethodNamesFromMethodIds() {
        Bytes bytes = Bytes.allocateElasticOnHeap();

        final BinaryWire wire = new BinaryWire(bytes);
        final Speaker speaker =
                wire.methodWriterBuilder(Speaker.class).get();
        speaker.saysomethingnice("hello");

        /**
        * Output when using @MethodId
        * 00000000 08 00 00 00 ba 07 e5 68  65 6c 6c 6f             ·······h ello
        *
        * Output without using @MethodId
        * 00000000 18 00 00 00 b9 10 73 61  79 73 6f 6d 65 74 68 69 ······sa ysomethi
        * 00000010 6e 67 6e 69 63 65 e5 68  65 6c 6c 6f             ngnice·h ello
        */
        System.out.println(bytes.toHexString());
    }

    interface Speaker {
        @MethodId(7)
        void saysomethingnice(final String message);
    }

Compression Options

No compression
Snappy compression - planned
LZW compression - planned

Bytes options

Chronicle Wire is built on top of the Bytes library, however Bytes, in turn, can wrap:

ByteBuffer - heap and direct
byte[] - using ByteBuffer
raw memory addresses.

Handling instance classes of an unknown type

This feature allows Chronicle Wire to de-serialize, manipulate, and serialize an instance class of an unknown type.

If the type is unknown at runtime, a proxy is created; assuming that the required type is an interface.

When the tuple is serialized, it will be give the same type as when it was deserialized, even if that class is not available.

Methods following our getter/setter convention will be treated as getters and setters.

This feature is needed for a service that stores and passes on data, for classes it might not have in its class path.

Note	This is not garbage collection free, but if the volume is low, this may be easier to work with.

Note	This only works when the expected type is not a class.

Example

@Test
public void unknownType() throws NoSuchFieldException {
    Marshallable marshallable = Wires.tupleFor(Marshallable.class, "UnknownType");
    marshallable.setField("one", 1);
    marshallable.setField("two", 2.2);
    marshallable.setField("three", "three");
    String toString = marshallable.toString();
    assertEquals("!UnknownType {\n" +
            "  one: !int 1,\n" +
            "  two: 2.2,\n" +
            "  three: three\n" +
            "}\n", toString);
    Object o = Marshallable.fromString(toString);
    assertEquals(toString, o.toString());
}

@Test
public void unknownType2() {
    String text = "!FourValues {\n" +
            "  string: Hello,\n" +
            "  num: 123,\n" +
            "  big: 1e6,\n" +
            "  also: extra\n" +
            "}\n";
    ThreeValues tv = Marshallable.fromString(ThreeValues.class, text);
    assertEquals(text, tv.toString());
    assertEquals("Hello", tv.string());
    tv.string("Hello World");
    assertEquals("Hello World", tv.string());

    assertEquals(123, tv.num());
    tv.num(1234);
    assertEquals(1234, tv.num());

    assertEquals(1e6, tv.big(), 0.0);
    tv.big(0.128);
    assertEquals(0.128, tv.big(), 0.0);

    assertEquals("!FourValues {\n" +
            "  string: Hello World,\n" +
            "  num: !int 1234,\n" +
            "  big: 0.128,\n" +
            "  also: extra\n" +
            "}\n", tv.toString());

}

interface ThreeValues {
    ThreeValues string(String s);
    String string();

    ThreeValues num(int n);
    int num();

    ThreeValues big(double d);
    double big();
}

Handling unexpected fields

By default, Chronicle Wire skips fields which names don’t match any field of the DTO class. It’s possible to capture such fields by overriding method or ReadMarshallable:

    default void unexpectedField(Object event, ValueIn valueIn) {
        valueIn.skipValue();
    }

One of best practices is saving unexpected fields in order to process them after the deserialization:

        transient Map<String, Object> others = new LinkedHashMap<>();

        @Override
        public void unexpectedField(Object event, ValueIn valueIn) {
            others.put(event.toString(), valueIn.object());
        }

It’s also possible to use fail-fast approach and throw an exception:

        @Override
        public void unexpectedField(Object event, ValueIn valueIn) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected field: name=" + event + ", value=" + valueIn);
        }

Exceptions that are thrown from this method are never swallowed, they are wrapped into runtime UnexpectedFieldHandlingException and thrown back to a high-level API call.

Example with `MethodReaders`

@Test
public void testUnknownClass() {
    Wire wire2 = new TextWire(Bytes.elasticHeapByteBuffer(256));
    MRTListener writer2 = wire2.methodWriter(MRTListener.class);

    String text = "top: !UnknownClass {\n" +
            "  one: 1,\n" +
            "  two: 2.2,\n" +
            "  three: words\n" +
            "}\n" +
            "---\n" +
            "top: {\n" +
            "  one: 11,\n" +
            "  two: 22.2,\n" +
            "  three: many words\n" +
            "}\n" +
            "---\n";
    Wire wire = TextWire.from(text);
    MethodReader reader = wire.methodReader(writer2);
    assertTrue(reader.readOne());
    assertTrue(reader.readOne());
    assertFalse(reader.readOne());
    assertEquals(text, wire2.toString());
}

Filtering with MethodReaders

To support filtering, you need to make sure the first of multiple arguments can be used to filter the method call. If you have only one argument, you may need to add an additional argument to support efficient filtering.

This feature calls an implementation of MethodFilterOnFirstArg to see if the rest of the method call should be parsed. For example, today you have:

interface MyInterface {
    void method(ExpensiveDto dto);
}

This can be migrated to:

interface MyInterface extends MethodFilterOnFirstArg<String> {
    @Deprecated(/* to be removed in x.22 */)
void method(ExpensiveDto dto);
    void method2(String filter, ExpensiveDto dto);
}

where the implementation can look like this:

class MyInterfaceImpl extends MyInterface {
    public void method(ExpensiveDto dto) {
       // something
    }

    public void method2(String filter, ExpensiveDto dto) {
        method(dto);
    }

    public boolean ignoreMethodBasedOnFirstArg(String methodName, String filter) {
        return someConditionOn(methodName, filter);
    }
}

For an example, see net.openhft.chronicle.wire.MethodFilterOnFirstArgTest.

Intercepting `MethodReader` calls

You may wish to intercept handling a call in the method reader in order to execute additional logic, to record a call somewhere for monitoring purposes, or to even skip the original method invocation.

Intercepting by passing control over the original method call

MethodReader provides a flexible feature for supporting all the above use cases — the option to specify MethodReaderInterceptorReturns. If set, it will be triggered instead of the original call. It’s possible to either skip the original method or to call it via passed Invocation instance:

class MyInterceptor implements MethodReaderInterceptorReturns {
    @Override
    Object intercept(Method m, Object o, Object[] args, Invocation invocation) throws InvocationTargetException {
        // Execute any logic you want before the call
        if (some_condition)
            invocation.invoke(m, o, args); // Invoke the original method if needed
        // Execute any logic you want after the call
    }
}

Intercepting by modifying `MethodReader` generated source code

GeneratingMethodReaderInterceptorReturns allows to change the logic of MethodReader without an overhead provided by reflexive calls.

Code returned by codeBeforeCall and codeAfterCall will be added before and after actual method call in the generated source code of the method reader. It’s possible to use original call arguments and object instance in the added code.

Simple example that enforces skipping the original call in case the second agrument is null:

class SkippingInterceptor implements GeneratingMethodReaderInterceptorReturns {
    @Override
    public String generatorId() {
        return "skipping";
    }

    @Override
    public String codeBeforeCall(Method m, String objectName, String[] argumentNames) {
        return "if (" + argumentNames[1] + " != null) {";
    }

    @Override
    public String codeAfterCall(Method m, String objectName, String[] argumentNames) {
        return "}";
    }
}

If the code provided by generating interceptor differs from the code provided by another generating interceptor, their generatorId should be different as well. It’s needed to ensure re-compilation in case a new interceptor is passed.

See MethodReaderInterceptorReturnsTest for more examples.

Uses of Chronicle Wire

Chronicle Wire can be used for:

file headers
TCP connection headers; where the optimal wire format that is actually used can be negotiated
message/excerpt contents
Chronicle Queue version 4.x and later
the API for marshalling generated data types

Similar projects

Simple Binary Encoding (SBE)

Simple Binary Encoding (SBE) is designed to be a more efficient replacement for FIX. It is not limited to FIX protocols, and can be easily extended by updating an XML schema. It is simple, binary, and it supports C++ and Java.

XML, when it first started, did not use XML for its own schema files, and it is not insignificant that SBE does not use SBE for its schema either. This is because it is not trying to be human-readable. It has XML which, though standard, is not designed to be human-readable either. Chronicle believes that it is a limitation that it does not naturally lend itself to a human-readable form.

The encoding that SBE uses is similar to binary; with field numbers and fixed-width types.

SBE assumes the field types, which can be more compact than Chronicle Wire’s most similar option; though not as compact as others.

SBE has support for schema changes provided that the type of a field doesn’t change.

Message Pack (`msgpack`)

Message Pack is a packed binary wire format which also supports JSON for human readability and compatibility. It has many similarities to the binary (and JSON) formats of this library. Chronicle Wire is designed to be human-readable first, based on YAML, and has a range of options to make it more efficient. The most extreme being fixed position binary.

Message Pack has support for embedded binary, whereas Chronicle Wire has support for comments and hints, to improve rendering for human consumption.

The documentation looks well-thought-out, and it is worth emulating.

Comparison with Cap’n’Proto

Feature	Wire Text	Wire Binary	Protobuf	Cap’n Proto	SBE	FlatBuffers
Schema evolution	yes	yes	yes	yes	caveats	yes
Zero-copy	yes	yes	no	yes	yes	yes
Random-access reads	yes	yes	no	yes	no	yes
Random-access writes	yes	yes	no	?	no	?
Safe against malicious input	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes	opt-in / upfront
Reflection / generic algorithms	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes
Initialization order	any	any	any	any	preorder	bottom-up
Unknown field retention	yes	yes	yes	yes	no	no
Object-capability RPC system	yes	yes	no	yes	no	no
Schema language	no	no	custom	custom	XML	custom
Usable as mutable state	yes	yes	yes	no	no	no
Padding takes space on wire?	optional	optional	no	optional	yes	yes
Unset fields take space on wire?	optional	optional	no	yes	yes	no
Pointers take space on wire?	no	no	no	yes	no	yes
Pass-by-name (Dynamic Enums)	yes	no	no	no	no	no
C++	planned	planned	yes	yes (C++11)*	yes	yes
Java	Java 8	Java 8	yes	yes*	yes	yes
C#	yes	yes	yes	yes*	yes	yes*
Go	no	no	yes	yes	no	yes*
Other languages	no	no	6+	others*	no	no
Authors' preferred use case	distributed computing	financial / trading	distributed computing	platforms / sandboxing	financial / trading	games

Note	The `Binary YAML` format can be automatically converted to `YAML` without any knowledge of the schema, because the messages are self-describing.

Note	You can parse all the expected fields (if any) and then parse any remaining fields. As `YAML` supports object field names (or keys), these could be strings or even objects as keys and values.

Based on https://capnproto.org/news/2014-06-17-capnproto-flatbuffers-sbe.html

Note	It is not clear what padding which does not take up space on the wire means.

Design notes

See https://capnproto.org/news/2014-06-17-capnproto-flatbuffers-sbe.html for a comparison to other encoders.

Schema evolution

Wire optionally supports:

field name changes
field order changes
capturing or ignoring unexpected fields
setting of fields to the default, if not available
raw messages can be longer or shorter than expected

The more flexibility, the larger the overhead in terms of CPU and memory. Chronicle Wire allows you to dynamically pick the optimal configuration, and convert between these options.

Zero copy

Chronicle Wire supports zero-copy random access to fields, and direct-copy from in-memory to the network. It also supports translation from one wire format to another. For example, switching between fixed-length data and variable-length data.

Random Access

You can access a random field in memory, For example, in a 2TB file, page-in/pull-into CPU cache, only the data relating to your read or write.

format	access style
fixed-length binary	random access without parsing first
variable-length binary	random access with partial parsing allowing you to skip large portions
fixed-length text	random access with parsing
variable-length text	no random access

Chronicle Wire references are relative to the start of the data contained, to allow loading in an arbitrary point in memory.

Safe against malicious input

Chronicle Wire has built in tiers of bounds checks to prevent accidental read/writing that corrupts the data. It is not complete enough for a security review.

Reflection / generic algorithms

Chronicle Wire supports generic reading and writing of an arbitrary stream. This can be used in combination with predetermined fields. For example, you can read the fields you know about, and ask it to provide the fields that you do not. You can also give generic field names like keys to a map as YAML does.

Initialization order

Chronicle Wire can handle unknown information like lengths, by using padding. It will go back and fill in any data that it was not aware of when it was writing the data. For example, when it writes an object, it does not know how long it is going to be, so it adds padding at the start. Once the object has been written, it goes back and overwrites the length. It can also handle situations where the length was more than needed; this is known as packing.

Unknown field retention

Chronicle Wire can read data that it did not expect, interspersed with data it did expect. Rather than specify the expected field name, a StringBuilder is provided.

Note	There are times when you want to skip/copy an entire field or message, without reading any more of it. This is also supported.

Object-maximumLimit RPC system

Chronicle Wire supports references based on name, number, or UUID. This is useful when including a reference to an object that the reader should look up by other means.

A common case is if you have a proxy to a remote object, and you want to pass or return this in an RPC call.

Schema language

Chronicle Wire’s schema is not externalised from the code. However, it is planned to use YAML in a format that it can parse.

Usable as mutable state

Chronicle Wire supports storing an application’s internal state. This will not allow it to grow or shrink. You can’t free any of it without copying the pieces that you need, and discarding the original copy.

Padding takes space on the wire

The Chronicle Wire format that is chosen determines if there is any padding on the wire. If you copy the in-memory data directly, its format does not change.

If you want to drop padding, you can copy the message to a wire format without padding. You can decide whether the original padding is to be preserved or not, if turned back into a format with padding.

We could look at supporting Cap’n’Proto's zero-byte removal compression.

Un-set fields take space on the wire

Chronicle Wire supports fields with, and without, optional fields, and automatic means of removing them. Chronicle Wire does not support automatically adding them back in, because information has been lost.

Pointers take space on the wire

Chronicle Wire does not have pointers, but it does have content-lengths which are a useful hint for random access and robustness; but these are optional.

Working with IntelliJ

These templates can be added to IntelliJ to create simple getters and setters.

Simple Getter

$field.type ##
${field.name}() {
  return $field.name;
}

Simple Setter

#set($paramName = $helper.getParamName($field, $project))
$class.name ${field.name}($field.type $paramName) {
  this.$field.name = $paramName;
  return this;
}

Why use Marshallable objects

Marshallable objects have been designed to allow you to

write a simple POJO
have the toString(), hashCode() and equals(Object) methods created for you.
serialization to a human-readable format (based on YAML), as well as efficient binary formats.
the string format for text and binary can be logged and reconstructed from the text or hexadecimal dump
copying and conversion of data from one type to another

Pojo Example

The following is a simple example of a POJO with a nested data type in a List.

A Simple Pojo without needing to define toString/hashCode/equals

import net.openhft.chronicle.wire.SelfDescribingMarshallable;

class MyPojo extends SelfDescribingMarshallable {
    String text;
    int num;
    double factor;

    public MyPojo(String text, int num, double factor) {
        this.text = text;
        this.num = num;
        this.factor = factor;
    }
}

class MyPojos extends SelfDescribingMarshallable {
    String name;
    List<MyPojo> myPojos = new ArrayList<>();

    public MyPojos(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

By extending SelfDescribingMarshallable the class has an implementation for readMarshallable(WireIn), writeMarshallable(WireOut) and from these toString(), hashCode() and equals(Object). You only need to define the method yourself for improved efficiency. These default implementations can give you 2/3rds of the performance of hand coding but save time and potential errors writing them yourself.

The toString()

An important feature of the toString() method is no information is lost. The object can be reconstructed from the text of the toString() method. This is useful for building sample data in unit tests for from a file. It also means that you can take the dump of an object in a log file and reconstruct the original object.

MyPojos mps = new MyPojos("test-list");
mps.myPojos.add(new MyPojo("text1", 1, 1.1));
mps.myPojos.add(new MyPojo("text2", 2, 2.2));

System.out.println(mps); // (1)

Uses the default toString() provided.

prints

!MyPojos {
  name: test-list,
  myPojos: [
    { text: text1, num: 1, factor: 1.1 },
    { text: text2, num: 2, factor: 2.2 }
  ]
}

You can take the same output and reconstruct the original object.

MyPojos mps2 = Marshallable.fromString(mps.toString());
assertEquals(mps, mps2); // (1)

String text = "!MyPojos {\n" +
        "  name: test-list,\n" +
        "  myPojos: [\n" +
        "    { text: text1, num: 1, factor: 1.1 },\n" +
        "    { text: text2, num: 2, factor: 2.2 }\n" +
        "  ]\n" +
        "}\n";
MyPojos mps3 = Marshallable.fromString(text);
assertEquals(mps, mps3); // (1)

SelfDescribingMarshallable also provides a default equals(Object) and hashCode()

Finally, you can take data from a file and build the object.

MyPojos mps4 = Marshallable.fromFile("my-pojos.yaml");
assertEquals(mps, mps4);

Self describing messages

When writing and reading from text, Marshallable are always self describing, however when using Binary there is two choices, SelfDescribingMarshallable which is self describing in binary and BytesInBinaryMarshallable which uses raw values.

SelfDescribingMarshallable is slightly slower, and larger when writing but supports schema changes such as

Adding fields.
Removing fields
Changing the order of fields
Change the type of fields
Dumbing as text without access to the class specification.

BytesInBinaryMarshallable is slower and more compact, however you need to add your own support for schema changes. See the Code Generating section below.

Code Generation for Marshallable

Install the Code Generation plugin, and add a template in File → Settings → Code Generation as follows.

Use the Add Member Dialog button and Exclude transient fields

This will add more efficient code for Marshallable format.

SelfDescribingMarshallable

#set($javaPsiFacade = $JavaPsiFacade.getInstance($project))
#set($global = $GlobalSearchScope.allScope($project))

@Override public void writeMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.wire.WireOut out) {
#if($class0.superName != "SelfDescribingMarshallable")
   super.writeMarshallable(out);
#end
#foreach( $member in $members )
    #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
    #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
    #if ($member.primitive)
        out.write("$member.name").write${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}($member.name);
    #else
        out.write("$member.name").object(${memberType}.class, $member.name);
    #end
#end
}

@Override public void readMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.wire.WireIn in) {
#if($class0.superName != "SelfDescribingMarshallable")
   super.readMarshallable(in);
#end
#foreach( $member in $members )
    #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
    #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
    #if ($member.primitive)
        $member.name = in.read("$member.name").read${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}();
    #else
        $member.name = in.read("$member.name").object($member.name, ${memberType}.class);
    #end
#end
}

BytesInBinaryMarshallable

#set($javaPsiFacade = $JavaPsiFacade.getInstance($project))
#set($global = $GlobalSearchScope.allScope($project))

private static final int MASHALLABLE_VERSION = 1;

@Override public void writeMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.bytes.BytesOut out) {
#if($class0.superName != "BytesInBinaryMarshallable")
   super.writeMarshallable(out);
#end
   out.writeStopBit(MASHALLABLE_VERSION);
#foreach( $member in $members )
   #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
   #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
   #if ($member.primitive)
       out.write${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}($member.name);
   #else
       out.writeObject(${memberType}.class, $member.name);
   #end
#end
}

@Override public void readMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.bytes.BytesIn in) {
#if($class0.superName != "BytesInBinaryMarshallable")
   super.readMarshallable(in);
#end
   int version = (int) in.readStopBit();
   if (version == MASHALLABLE_VERSION) {
#foreach( $member in $members )
   #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
   #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
   #if ($member.primitive)
       $member.name = in.read${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}();
   #else
       $member.name = (${memberType})in.readObject(${memberType}.class);
   #end
#end
   } else {
       throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown version " + version);
   }
}

BytesMarshallable

#set($javaPsiFacade = $JavaPsiFacade.getInstance($project))
#set($global = $GlobalSearchScope.allScope($project))

private static final int MASHALLABLE_VERSION = 1;

@Override public void writeMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.bytes.BytesOut out) {
#if($class0.hasSuper)
   super.writeMarshallable(out); // (1)
#end
  out.writeStopBit(MASHALLABLE_VERSION);
#foreach( $member in $members )
   #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
   #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
   #if ($member.primitive)
       out.write${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}($member.name);
   #else
       out.writeObject(${memberType}.class, $member.name);
   #end
#end
}

@Override public void readMarshallable(net.openhft.chronicle.bytes.BytesIn in) {
#if($class0.hasSuper)
   super.readMarshallable(in);
#end
   int version = (int) in.readStopBit();
   if (version == MASHALLABLE_VERSION) {
#foreach( $member in $members )
   #set($memberType = $member.type.split("<").get(0))
   #set($type = $javaPsiFacade.findClass($memberType, $global))
   #if ($member.primitive)
       $member.name = in.read${StringUtil.capitalizeWithJavaBeanConvention($memberType)}();
   #else
       $member.name = (${memberType})in.readObject(${memberType}.class);
   #end
#end
   } else {
       throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown version " + version);
   }
}

You will have to remove this line if the class extends AbstractBytesMarshallable

Platform support

Chronicle Wire supports Java 8, Java 11 and C++. Future versions may support Java 14, python.

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README.adoc		README.adoc
README.html		README.html
YAML2SpecificationCompliance.adoc		YAML2SpecificationCompliance.adoc
Yaml-Spec.adoc		Yaml-Spec.adoc
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pom.xml		pom.xml
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License

nu2/Chronicle-Wire

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Chronicle-Wire

Version

About

Design

Why are these concerns conflated?

Features

Support

Text Formats

Binary Formats

Using Wire

A note on Wires.reset()

Binding to a field value

Pass-by-name or Dynamic Enums

Not passing by name

Pass by reference

Using @MethodId

Compression Options

Bytes options

Handling instance classes of an unknown type

Example

Handling unexpected fields

Example with MethodReaders

Filtering with MethodReaders

Intercepting MethodReader calls

Intercepting by passing control over the original method call

Intercepting by modifying MethodReader generated source code

Uses of Chronicle Wire

Similar projects

Simple Binary Encoding (SBE)

Message Pack (msgpack)

Comparison with Cap’n’Proto

Design notes

Schema evolution

Zero copy

Random Access

Safe against malicious input

Reflection / generic algorithms

Initialization order

Unknown field retention

Object-maximumLimit RPC system

Schema language

Usable as mutable state

Padding takes space on the wire

Un-set fields take space on the wire

Pointers take space on the wire

Working with IntelliJ

Why use Marshallable objects

Pojo Example

The toString()

Self describing messages

Code Generation for Marshallable

Platform support

About

Resources

License

Stars

Watchers

Forks

Languages

A note on `Wires.reset()`

Example with `MethodReaders`

Intercepting `MethodReader` calls

Intercepting by modifying `MethodReader` generated source code

Message Pack (`msgpack`)