mm: allow slab_nomerge to be set at build time

Some hardened environments want to build kernels with slab_nomerge
already set (so that they do not depend on remembering to set the kernel
command line option).  This is desired to reduce the risk of kernel heap
overflows being able to overwrite objects from merged caches and changes
the requirements for cache layout control, increasing the difficulty of
these attacks.  By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits can
usually only damage objects in the same cache (though the risk to
metadata exploitation is unchanged).

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170620230911.GA25238@beast
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Cc: Daniel Micay <[email protected]>
Cc: David Windsor <[email protected]>
Cc: Eric Biggers <[email protected]>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <[email protected]>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <[email protected]>
Cc: Daniel Micay <[email protected]>
Cc: David Windsor <[email protected]>
Cc: Eric Biggers <[email protected]>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <[email protected]>
Cc: David Rientjes <[email protected]>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <[email protected]>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <[email protected]>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <[email protected]>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <[email protected]>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <[email protected]>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <[email protected]>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <[email protected]>
Cc: Nicolas Pitre <[email protected]>
Cc: Tejun Heo <[email protected]>
Cc: Daniel Mack <[email protected]>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <[email protected]>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <[email protected]>
Cc: Helge Deller <[email protected]>
Cc: Rik van Riel <[email protected]>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt

@@ -3760,8 +3760,14 @@
 	slab_nomerge	[MM]
 			Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
 			necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
-			allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
-			merging on their own.
+			allocs to different slabs, especially in hardened
+			environments where the risk of heap overflows and
+			layout control by attackers can usually be
+			frustrated by disabling merging. This will reduce
+			most of the exposure of a heap attack to a single
+			cache (risks via metadata attacks are mostly
+			unchanged). Debug options disable merging on their
+			own.
 			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
 
 	slab_max_order=	[MM, SLAB]

init/Kconfig

@@ -1548,6 +1548,20 @@ config SLOB
 
 endchoice
 
+config SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT
+	bool "Allow slab caches to be merged"
+	default y
+	help
+	  For reduced kernel memory fragmentation, slab caches can be
+	  merged when they share the same size and other characteristics.
+	  This carries a risk of kernel heap overflows being able to
+	  overwrite objects from merged caches (and more easily control
+	  cache layout), which makes such heap attacks easier to exploit
+	  by attackers. By keeping caches unmerged, these kinds of exploits
+	  can usually only damage objects in the same cache. To disable
+	  merging at runtime, "slab_nomerge" can be passed on the kernel
+	  command line.
+
 config SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM
 	default n
 	depends on SLAB || SLUB

mm/slab_common.c

@@ -47,13 +47,12 @@ static DECLARE_WORK(slab_caches_to_rcu_destroy_work,
 
 /*
  * Merge control. If this is set then no merging of slab caches will occur.
- * (Could be removed. This was introduced to pacify the merge skeptics.)
  */
-static int slab_nomerge;
+static bool slab_nomerge = !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SLAB_MERGE_DEFAULT);
 
 static int __init setup_slab_nomerge(char *str)
 {
-	slab_nomerge = 1;
+	slab_nomerge = true;
 	return 1;
 }