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Add cerificate (aws cloud pracitioner) questions
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:information_source:  This repo contains questions and exercises on various technical topics, sometimes related to DevOps and SRE :)

:bar_chart:  There are currently **1071** questions
:bar_chart:  There are currently **1097** questions

:busts_in_silhouette:  [Join](https://www.facebook.com/groups/538897960007080) our [Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/538897960007080) or follow us on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/devopsbit) for additional daily exercises, articles and more resources on DevOps

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -601,79 +601,190 @@ There can be several reasons for that. One of them is lack of policy. To solve t
Only a login access.
</b></details>

#### AWS Compute

<details>
<summary>What is EC2?</summary><br><b>

"a web service that provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud".
Read more [here](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is AMI?</summary><br><b>

Amazon Machine Images is "An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) provides the information required to launch an instance".
Read more [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/AMIs.html)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What are the different source for AMIs?</summary><br><b>

* Personal AMIs - AMIs you create
* AWS Marketplace for AMIs - Paid AMIs usually with bundled with licensed software
* Community AMIs - Free
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is instance type?</summary><br><b>

"the instance type that you specify determines the hardware of the host computer used for your instance"
Read more about instance types [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/instance-types.html)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is EBS?</summary><br><b>

"provides block level storage volumes for use with EC2 instances. EBS volumes behave like raw, unformatted block devices."
More on EBS [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/AmazonEBS.html)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What EC2 pricing models are there?</summary><br><b>

On Demand - pay a fixed rate by the hour/second with no commitment. You can provision and terminate it at any given time.
Reserved - you get capacity reservation, basically purchase an instance for a fixed time of period. The longer, the cheaper.
Spot - Enables you to bid whatever price you want for instances or pay the spot price.
Dedicated Hosts - physical EC2 server dedicated for your use.
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What are Security Groups?</summary><br><b>

"A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls the traffic for one or more instances"
More on this subject [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-security-groups.html)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>How to migrate an instance to another availability zone?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

#### AWS Storage

<details>
<summary>Explain what is AWS S3?</summary><br><b>

S3 stands for 3 S, Simple Storage Service.
S3 is a object storage service which is fast, scalable and durable. S3 enables customers to upload, download or store any file or object that is up to 5 TB in size. While having a maximum size of 5 GB per file (multipart upload if more than 5 GB in size).
</b>
</details>
S3 is a object storage service which is fast, scalable and durable. S3 enables customers to upload, download or store any file or object that is up to 5 TB in size.

More on S3 [here](https://aws.amazon.com/s3)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is a bucket?</summary><br><b>
An S3 bucket is a resource which is similar to folders in a file system and allows storing objects, which consist of data and its meta data.

An S3 bucket is a resource which is similar to folders in a file system and allows storing objects, which consist of data.
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>True or False? A bucket name must be globally unique</summary><br><b>

True
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What objects in S3 consists of?
* Another way to ask it: explain key, value, version id and meta data in context of objects</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<summary>Explain folders and objects in regards to buckets</summary><br><b>

<details>
<summary>Explain data consistency</summary><br><b>
* Folder - any sub folder in an s3 bucket
* Object - The files which are stored in a bucket
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>Can you host dynamic websites on S3?. What about static websites?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Explain the following:

* Object Lifecycles
* Object Sharing
* Object Versioning</summary><br><b>

* Object Lifecycles - Transfer objects between storage classes based on defined rules of time periods
* Object Sharing - Share objects via a URL link
* Object Versioning - Manage multiple versions of an object
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What security measures have you taken in context of S3?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Explain Object Durability and Object Availability</summary><br><b>

Object Durability: The percent over a one-year time period that a file will not be lost
Object Availability: The percent over a one-year time period that a file will be accessible
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is a storage class? What storage classes are you familiar with?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>
<summary>What is a storage class? What storage classes are there?</summary><br><b>

#### AWS EC2
Each object has a storage class assigned to, affecting its availability and durability. This also has effect on costs.
Storage classes offered today:
* Standard:
* Used for general, all-purpose storage (mostly storage that needs to be accessed frequently)
* The most expensive storage class
* 11x9% durability
* 2x9% availability
* Default storage class

* Standard-IA (Infrequent Access)
* Long lived, infrequently accessed data but must be available the moment it's being accessed
* 11x9% durability
* 99.90% availability

* One Zone-IA (Infrequent Access):
* Long-lived, infrequently accessed, non-critical data
* Less expensive than Standard and Standard-IA storage classes
* 2x9% durability
* 99.50% availability

* Intelligent-Tiering:
* Long-lived data with changing or unknown access patterns. Basically, In this class the data automatically moves to the class most suitable for you based on usage patterns
* Price depends on the used class
* 11x9% durability
* 99.90% availability

* Glacier: Archive data with retrieval time ranging from minutes to hours
* Glacier Deep Archive: Archive data that rarely, if ever, needs to be accessed with retrieval times in hours
* Both Glacier and Glacier Deep Archive are:
* The most cheap storage classes
* have 9x9% durability

More on storage classes [here](https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes)

<details>
<summary>What is EC2?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What EC2 pricing models are there?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Explain what is Storage Gateway</summary><br><b>

"AWS Storage Gateway is a hybrid cloud storage service that gives you on-premises access to virtually unlimited cloud storage".
More on Storage Gateway [here](https://aws.amazon.com/storagegateway)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is an AMI?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Explain the following Storage Gateway deployments types

* File Gateway
* Volume Gateway
* Tape Gateway</summary><br><b>

Explained in detail [here](https://aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/faqs)
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>How many storage options are there for EC2 Instances?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What is the difference between stored volumes and cached volumes?</summary><br><b>

Stored Volumes - Data is located at customer's data center and periodically backed up to AWS
Cached Volumes - Data is stored in AWS cloud and cached at customer's data center for quick access
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What happens when an EC2 instance is stopped or terminated?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Explain data consistency</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What are Security Groups?</summary><br><b>
<summary>Can you host dynamic websites on S3? What about static websites?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>How to migrate an instance to another availability zone?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What security measures have you taken in context of S3?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What are spot instances?</summary><br><b>
<summary>What storage options are there for EC2 Instances?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

#### AWS CloudFormation
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* Check for table locks and kill irrelevant locking sessions
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is EBS?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>What is Amazon ElastiCache? For what cases it used?</summary><br><b>

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -836,10 +943,16 @@ More on Route 53 [here](https://aws.amazon.com/route53)
Read more about it [here](https://aws.amazon.com/vpc).
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>True or False? VPC spans multiple regions</summary><br><b>

False
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>True or False? Subnets belong to the same VPC, can be in different availability zones</summary><br><b>

True. Just to clarify, a subnet must reside entirely in one AZ.
True. Just to clarify, a single subnet resides entirely in one AZ.
</b></details>

<details>
Expand All @@ -859,6 +972,12 @@ False. Only one internet gateway can be attached to a single VPC.
<summary>What is an Elastic IP address?</summary><br><b>
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>True or False? Route Tables used to allow or deny traffic from the internet to AWS instances</summary><br><b>

False.
</b></details>

<details>
<summary>Explain Security Groups and Network ACLs</summary><br><b>

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