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## 题目地址 | ||
https://leetcode.com/problems/median-of-two-sorted-arrays/ | ||
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## 题目描述 | ||
``` | ||
There are two sorted arrays nums1 and nums2 of size m and n respectively. | ||
Find the median of the two sorted arrays. The overall run time complexity should be O(log (m+n)). | ||
You may assume nums1 and nums2 cannot be both empty. | ||
Example 1: | ||
nums1 = [1, 3] | ||
nums2 = [2] | ||
The median is 2.0 | ||
Example 2: | ||
nums1 = [1, 2] | ||
nums2 = [3, 4] | ||
The median is (2 + 3)/2 = 2.5 | ||
``` | ||
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## 思路 | ||
首先了解一下Median的概念,一个数组中median就是把数组分成左右等分的中位数。 | ||
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如下图: | ||
![median](../assets/problems/4.median-of-two-sorted-array-1.jpg) | ||
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这道题,很容易想到暴力解法,时间复杂度和空间复杂度都是`O(m+n)`, 不符合题中给出`O(log(m+n))`时间复杂度的要求。 | ||
我们可以从简单的解法入手,试了一下,暴力解法也是可以被Leetcode Accept的. 分析中会给出两种解法,暴力求解和二分解法。 | ||
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#### 解法一 - 暴力 (Brute Force) | ||
暴力解主要是要merge两个排序的数组`(A,B)`成一个排序的数组。 | ||
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用两个`pointer(i,j)`,`i` 从数组`A`起始位置开始,即`i=0`开始,`j` 从数组`B`起始位置, 即`j=0`开始. | ||
一一比较 `A[i] 和 B[j]`, | ||
1. 如果`A[i] <= B[j]`, 则把`A[i]` 放入新的数组中,i往后移一位,即 `i+1`. | ||
2. 如果`A[i] > B[j]`, 则把`B[j]` 放入新的数组中,j往后移一位,即 `j+1`. | ||
3. 重复步骤#1 和 #2,直到`i`移到`A`最后,或者`j`移到`B`最后。 | ||
4. 如果`j`移动到`B`数组最后,那么直接把剩下的所有`A`依次放入新的数组中. | ||
5. 如果`i`移动到`A`数组最后,那么直接把剩下的所有`B`依次放入新的数组中. | ||
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Merge的过程如下图。 | ||
![merge two sorted array](../assets/problems/4.median-of-two-sorted-array-2.jpg) | ||
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*时间复杂度: `O(m+n) - m is length of A, n is length of B`* | ||
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*空间复杂度: `O(m+n)`* | ||
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#### 解法二 - 二分查找 (Binary Search) | ||
由于题中给出的数组都是排好序的,在排好序的数组中查找很容易想到可以用二分查找(Binary Search), 这里对数组长度小的做二分, | ||
保证数组A 和 数组B 做partition 之后 | ||
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`len(Aleft)+len(Bleft)=(m+n+1)/2 - m是数组A的长度, n是数组B的长度` | ||
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对数组A的做partition的位置是区间`[0,m]` | ||
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如图: | ||
![partition A,B](../assets/problems/4.median-of-two-sorted-array-3.png) | ||
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下图给出几种不同情况的例子(注意但左边或者右边没有元素的时候,左边用`INF_MIN`,右边用`INF_MAX`表示左右的元素: | ||
![median examples](../assets/problems/4.median-of-two-sorted-array-5.png) | ||
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下图给出具体做的partition 解题的例子步骤, | ||
![median partition example](../assets/problems/4.median-of-two-sorted-array-4.png) | ||
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*时间复杂度: `O(log(min(m, n)) - m is length of A, n is length of B`* | ||
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*空间复杂度: `O(1)` - 这里没有用额外的空间* | ||
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## 关键点分析 | ||
1. 暴力求解,在线性时间内merge两个排好序的数组成一个数组。 | ||
2. 二分查找,关键点在于 | ||
- 要partition两个排好序的数组成左右两等份,partition需要满足`len(Aleft)+len(Bleft)=(m+n+1)/2 - m是数组A的长度, n是数组B的长度` | ||
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- 并且partition后 A左边最大(`maxLeftA`), A右边最小(`minRightA`), B左边最大(`maxLeftB`), B右边最小(`minRightB`) 满足 | ||
`(maxLeftA <= minRightB && maxLeftB <= minRightA)` | ||
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有了这两个条件,那么median就在这四个数中,根据奇数或者是偶数, | ||
``` | ||
奇数: | ||
median = max(maxLeftA, maxLeftB) | ||
偶数: | ||
median = (max(maxLeftA, maxLeftB) + min(minRightA, minRightB)) / 2 | ||
``` | ||
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## 代码(Java code) | ||
*解法一 - 暴力解法(Brute force)* | ||
```java | ||
class MedianTwoSortedArrayBruteForce { | ||
public double findMedianSortedArrays(int[] nums1, int[] nums2) { | ||
int[] newArr = mergeTwoSortedArray(nums1, nums2); | ||
int n = newArr.length; | ||
if (n % 2 == 0) { | ||
// even | ||
return (double) (newArr[n / 2] + newArr[n / 2 - 1]) / 2; | ||
} else { | ||
// odd | ||
return (double) newArr[n / 2]; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
private int[] mergeTwoSortedArray(int[] nums1, int[] nums2) { | ||
int m = nums1.length; | ||
int n = nums2.length; | ||
int[] res = new int[m + n]; | ||
int i = 0; | ||
int j = 0; | ||
int idx = 0; | ||
while (i < m && j < n) { | ||
if (nums1[i] <= nums2[j]) { | ||
res[idx++] = nums1[i++]; | ||
} else { | ||
res[idx++] = nums2[j++]; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
while (i < m) { | ||
res[idx++] = nums1[i++]; | ||
} | ||
while (j < n) { | ||
res[idx++] = nums2[j++]; | ||
} | ||
return res; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
*解法二 - 二分查找(Binary Search* | ||
```java | ||
class MedianSortedTwoArrayBinarySearch { | ||
public static double findMedianSortedArraysBinarySearch(int[] nums1, int[] nums2) { | ||
// do binary search for shorter length array, make sure time complexity log(min(m,n)). | ||
if (nums1.length > nums2.length) { | ||
return findMedianSortedArraysBinarySearch(nums2, nums1); | ||
} | ||
int m = nums1.length; | ||
int n = nums2.length; | ||
int lo = 0; | ||
int hi = m; | ||
while (lo <= hi) { | ||
// partition A position i | ||
int i = lo + (hi - lo) / 2; | ||
// partition B position j | ||
int j = (m + n + 1) / 2 - i; | ||
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int maxLeftA = i == 0 ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : nums1[i - 1]; | ||
int minRightA = i == m ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : nums1[i]; | ||
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int maxLeftB = j == 0 ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : nums2[j - 1]; | ||
int minRightB = j == n ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : nums2[j]; | ||
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if (maxLeftA <= minRightB && maxLeftB <= minRightA) { | ||
// total length is even | ||
if ((m + n) % 2 == 0) { | ||
return (double) (Math.max(maxLeftA, maxLeftB) + Math.min(minRightA, minRightB)) / 2; | ||
} else { | ||
// total length is odd | ||
return (double) Math.max(maxLeftA, maxLeftB); | ||
} | ||
} else if (maxLeftA > minRightB) { | ||
// binary search left half | ||
hi = i - 1; | ||
} else { | ||
// binary search right half | ||
lo = i + 1; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
return 0.0; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
``` |