Use language independent permalinks for php.net urls

@see http://php.net/urlhowto.php

_posts/01-02-01-Use-the-Current-Stable-Version.md

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ anchor: use_the_current_stable_version
 
 If you are getting started with PHP, start with the current stable release of [PHP 5.6][php-release]. PHP has added powerful [new features](#language_highlights) over the last few years. Though the incremental version number difference between 5.2 and 5.6 is small, it represents _major_ improvements. If you are looking for a function or its usage, the documentation on the [php.net][php-docs] website will have the answer.
 
-[php-release]: http://www.php.net/downloads.php
-[php-docs]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/
+[php-release]: http://php.net/downloads.php
+[php-docs]: http://php.net/manual/

_posts/01-03-01-Built-in-Web-Server.md

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ With PHP 5.4 or newer, you can start learning PHP without installing and configu
 
 * [Learn about the built-in, command line web server][cli-server]
 
-[cli-server]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.webserver.php
+[cli-server]: http://php.net/features.commandline.webserver

_posts/01-04-01-Mac-Setup.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The solutions listed above mainly handle PHP itself, and do not supply things li
 
 [Homebrew]: http://brew.sh/
 [Homebrew PHP]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-php#installation
-[mac-compile]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.macosx.compile.php
+[mac-compile]: http://php.net/install.macosx.compile
 [xcode-gcc-substitution]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer
 
 ["Command Line Tools for XCode"]: https://developer.apple.com/downloads

_posts/03-02-01-Programming-Paradigms.md

@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@ available as `__call()` and `__callStatic()`.
 * [Read about Magic Methods][magic-methods]
 * [Read about Reflection][reflection]
 
-[namespaces]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
-[overloading]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.overloading.php
-[oop]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.php
-[anonymous-functions]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
-[closure-class]: http://php.net/manual/en/class.closure.php
-[callables]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.types.callable.php
-[magic-methods]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php
-[reflection]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/intro.reflection.php
-[traits]: http://www.php.net/traits
-[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func-array.php
+[namespaces]: http://php.net/language.namespaces
+[overloading]: http://php.net/language.oop5.overloading
+[oop]: http://php.net/language.oop5
+[anonymous-functions]: http://php.net/functions.anonymous
+[closure-class]: http://php.net/class.closure
+[callables]: http://php.net/language.types.callable
+[magic-methods]: http://php.net/language.oop5.magic
+[reflection]: http://php.net/intro.reflection
+[traits]: http://php.net/language.oop5.traits
+[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/function.call-user-func-array
 [closures-rfc]: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures

_posts/03-03-01-Namespaces.md

@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ package then you almost certainly want to look into PSR-4.
 * [Read about PSR-0][psr0]
 * [Read about PSR-4][psr4]
 
-[namespaces]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.namespaces.php
+[namespaces]: http://php.net/language.namespaces
 [psr0]: https://github.com/php-fig/fig-standards/blob/master/accepted/PSR-0.md
 [psr4]: https://github.com/php-fig/fig-standards/blob/master/accepted/PSR-4-autoloader.md

_posts/03-04-01-Standard-PHP-Library.md

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ The Standard PHP Library (SPL) is packaged with PHP and provides a collection of
 
 * [Read about the SPL][spl]
 
-[spl]: http://php.net/manual/en/book.spl.php 
+[spl]: http://php.net/book.spl

_posts/03-05-01-Command-Line-Interface.md

@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ Hello, world
  * [Learn about running PHP from the command line][php-cli]
  * [Learn about setting up Windows to run PHP from the command line][php-cli-windows]
 
-[phpinfo]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.phpinfo.php
-[cli-options]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.options.php
-[argc]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argc.php
-[argv]: http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.argv.php
-[php-cli]: http://php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php
-[php-cli-windows]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/install.windows.commandline.php
+[phpinfo]: http://php.net/function.phpinfo
+[cli-options]: http://php.net/features.commandline.options
+[argc]: http://php.net/reserved.variables.argc
+[argv]: http://php.net/reserved.variables.argv
+[php-cli]: http://php.net/features.commandline
+[php-cli-windows]: http://php.net/install.windows.commandline
 [exit-codes]: http://www.gsp.com/cgi-bin/man.cgi?section=3&topic=sysexits

_posts/05-03-01-Date-and-Time.md

@@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ foreach ($periodIterator as $date) {
 * [Read about DateTime][datetime]
 * [Read about date formatting][dateformat] (accepted date format string options)
 
-[datetime]: http://www.php.net/manual/book.datetime.php
-[dateformat]: http://www.php.net/manual/function.date.php
+[datetime]: http://php.net/book.datetime
+[dateformat]: http://php.net/function.date

_posts/05-05-01-PHP-and-UTF8.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Finally, If you are building an distributed application and cannot be certain th
 enabled, then consider using the [patchwork/utf8] Composer package. This
 will use `mbstring` if it is available, and fall back to non UTF-8 functions if not.
 
-[Multibyte String Extension]: http://php.net/manual/en/book.mbstring.php
+[Multibyte String Extension]: http://php.net/book.mbstring
 [patchwork/utf8]: https://packagist.org/packages/patchwork/utf8
 
 ### UTF-8 at the Database level
@@ -128,19 +128,19 @@ header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8');
 
 ### Further reading
 
-* [PHP Manual: String Operations](http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.string.php)
-* [PHP Manual: String Functions](http://php.net/manual/en/ref.strings.php)
-    * [`strpos()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.strpos.php)
-    * [`strlen()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.strlen.php)
-    * [`substr()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.substr.php)
-* [PHP Manual: Multibyte String Functions](http://php.net/manual/en/ref.mbstring.php)
-    * [`mb_strpos()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-strpos.php)
-    * [`mb_strlen()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-strlen.php)
-    * [`mb_substr()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-substr.php)
-    * [`mb_internal_encoding()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-internal-encoding.php)
-    * [`mb_http_output()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.mb-http-output.php)
-    * [`htmlentities()`](http://php.net/manual/en/function.htmlentities.php)
-    * [`htmlspecialchars()`](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.htmlspecialchars.php)
+* [PHP Manual: String Operations](http://php.net/language.operators.string)
+* [PHP Manual: String Functions](http://php.net/ref.strings)
+    * [`strpos()`](http://php.net/function.strpos)
+    * [`strlen()`](http://php.net/function.strlen)
+    * [`substr()`](http://php.net/function.substr)
+* [PHP Manual: Multibyte String Functions](http://php.net/ref.mbstring)
+    * [`mb_strpos()`](http://php.net/function.mb-strpos)
+    * [`mb_strlen()`](http://php.net/function.mb-strlen)
+    * [`mb_substr()`](http://php.net/function.mb-substr)
+    * [`mb_internal_encoding()`](http://php.net/function.mb-internal-encoding)
+    * [`mb_http_output()`](http://php.net/function.mb-http-output)
+    * [`htmlentities()`](http://php.net/function.htmlentities)
+    * [`htmlspecialchars()`](http://php.net/function.htmlspecialchars)
 * [PHP UTF-8 Cheatsheet](http://blog.loftdigital.com/blog/php-utf-8-cheatsheet)
 * [Stack Overflow: What factors make PHP Unicode-incompatible?](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/571694/what-factors-make-php-unicode-incompatible)
 * [Stack Overflow: Best practices in PHP and MySQL with international strings](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/140728/best-practices-in-php-and-mysql-with-international-strings)

_posts/07-01-01-Databases.md

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ rushed later on.
 
 **If you are starting from scratch then absolutely do not use the [mysql] extension: use the [MySQLi extension][mysqli], or use [PDO].**
 
-* [PHP: Choosing an API for MySQL](http://php.net/manual/en/mysqlinfo.api.choosing.php)
+* [PHP: Choosing an API for MySQL](http://php.net/mysqlinfo.api.choosing)
 * [PDO Tutorial for MySQL Developers](http://wiki.hashphp.org/PDO_Tutorial_for_MySQL_Developers)
 
 ## PDO Extension
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ unless of course you are using persistent connections.
 
 * [Learn about PDO connections]
 
-[Learn about PDO]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php
-[Learn about PDO connections]: http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.connections.php
-[officially deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0]: http://php.net/manual/en/migration55.deprecated.php
+[Learn about PDO]: http://php.net/book.pdo
+[Learn about PDO connections]: http://php.net/pdo.connections
+[officially deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0]: http://php.net/migration55.deprecated
 [SQL Injection]: http://wiki.hashphp.org/Validation
 
 [pdo]: http://php.net/pdo

_posts/07-03-01-Abstraction-Layers.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Some abstraction layers have been built using the [PSR-0][psr0] or [PSR-4][psr4]
 * [Propel][7]
 * [ZF2 Db][4]
 
-[1]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.pdo.php
+[1]: http://php.net/book.pdo
 [2]: http://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/dbal.html
 [4]: http://packages.zendframework.com/docs/latest/manual/en/index.html#zend-db
 [6]: https://github.com/auraphp/Aura.Sql

_posts/09-02-01-Errors.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
---- 
+---
 isChild: true 
 anchor: errors
 ---
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ The "[Scream]" PHP extension offers similar functionality to xDebug's, although
 This is most useful when you're debugging code and suspect an informative error is suppressed.  Use scream with care, and as a temporary debugging tool. There's lots of PHP library code that may not work with the error control operator disabled.  
 
 
-* [Error Control Operators](http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.errorcontrol.php)
+* [Error Control Operators](http://php.net/language.operators.errorcontrol)
 * [SitePoint](http://www.sitepoint.com/)
 * [xDebug] 
 * [Scream]
 
 [xDebug]: http://xdebug.org/docs/basic
-[Scream]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.scream.php
+[Scream]: http://php.net/book.scream
 
 ### ErrorException
 
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ exception during development you can wrap it in a catch statement with specific
 More information on this and details on how to use `ErrorException` with error handling can be found at 
 [ErrorException Class][errorexception]. 
 
-* [Error Control Operators](http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.errorcontrol.php)
-* [Predefined Constants for Error Handling](http://www.php.net/manual/en/errorfunc.constants.php)
-* [error_reporting](http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.error-reporting.php)
+* [Error Control Operators](http://php.net/language.operators.errorcontrol)
+* [Predefined Constants for Error Handling](http://php.net/errorfunc.constants)
+* [error_reporting](http://php.net/function.error-reporting)
 * [Reporting][errorreport]
 
-[errorexception]: http://php.net/manual/en/class.errorexception.php
+[errorexception]: http://php.net/class.errorexception
 [errorreport]: /#error_reporting
 [Whoops!]: http://filp.github.io/whoops/

_posts/09-03-01-Exceptions.md

@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ Exception which is vague, or creating a custom Exception just for that, you coul
 * [Nesting Exceptions In PHP][nesting-exceptions-in-php]
 * [Exception Best Practices in PHP 5.3][exception-best-practices53]
 
-[exceptions]: http://php.net/manual/en/language.exceptions.php
-[splexe]: http://php.net/manual/en/spl.exceptions.php
+[exceptions]: http://php.net/language.exceptions
+[splexe]: http://php.net/spl.exceptions
 [splext]: /#standard_php_library
 [exception-best-practices53]: http://ralphschindler.com/2010/09/15/exception-best-practices-in-php-5-3
 [nesting-exceptions-in-php]: http://www.brandonsavage.net/exceptional-php-nesting-exceptions-in-php/

_posts/10-03-01-Password-Hashing.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ if (password_verify('bad-password', $passwordHash)) {
 * [Learn about hashing in regards to cryptography] [3]
 * [PHP `password_hash` RFC] [4]
 
-[1]: http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php
+[1]: http://php.net/function.password-hash
 [2]: https://github.com/ircmaxell/password_compat
 [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function
 [4]: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/password_hash

_posts/10-04-01-Data-Filtering.md

@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ email address, a phone number, or age when processing a registration submission.
 
 [See Validation Filters][3]
 
-[1]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.filter.php
-[2]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.sanitize.php
-[3]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.validate.php
-[4]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.filter-var.php
-[5]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.filter-input.php
-[6]: http://php.net/manual/en/security.filesystem.nullbytes.php
+[1]: http://php.net/book.filter
+[2]: http://php.net/filter.filters.sanitize
+[3]: http://php.net/filter.filters.validate
+[4]: http://php.net/function.filter-var
+[5]: http://php.net/function.filter-input
+[6]: http://php.net/security.filesystem.nullbytes
 [html-purifier]: http://htmlpurifier.org/

_posts/10-06-01-Register-Globals.md

@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ security issues as your application cannot effectively tell where the data is co
 For example: `$_GET['foo']` would be available via `$foo`, which can override variables that have not been declared. 
 If you are using PHP < 5.4.0 __make sure__ that `register_globals` is __off__.
 
-* [Register_globals in the PHP manual](http://www.php.net/manual/en/security.globals.php)
+* [Register_globals in the PHP manual](http://php.net/security.globals)

_posts/10-07-01-Error-Reporting.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ To show every possible error during <strong>development</strong>, configure the
     error_reporting = -1
     log_errors = On
 
-> Passing in the value `-1` will show every possible error, even when new levels and constants are added in future PHP versions. The `E_ALL` constant also behaves this way as of PHP 5.4. - [php.net](http://php.net/manual/function.error-reporting.php)
+> Passing in the value `-1` will show every possible error, even when new levels and constants are added in future PHP versions. The `E_ALL` constant also behaves this way as of PHP 5.4. - [php.net](http://php.net/function.error-reporting)
 
 The `E_STRICT` error level constant was introduced in 5.3.0 and is not 
 part of `E_ALL`, however it became part of `E_ALL` in 5.4.0. What does this mean? 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ To hide errors on your <strong>production</strong> environment, configure your `
 With these settings in production, errors will still be logged to the error logs for the web server, but will not be 
 shown to the user. For more information on these settings, see the PHP manual:
 
-* [error_reporting](http://php.net/manual/errorfunc.configuration.php#ini.error-reporting)
-* [display_errors](http://php.net/manual/errorfunc.configuration.php#ini.display-errors)
-* [display_startup_errors](http://php.net/manual/errorfunc.configuration.php#ini.display-startup-errors)
-* [log_errors](http://php.net/manual/errorfunc.configuration.php#ini.log-errors)
+* [error_reporting](http://php.net/errorfunc.configuration#ini.error-reporting)
+* [display_errors](http://php.net/errorfunc.configuration#ini.display-errors)
+* [display_startup_errors](http://php.net/errorfunc.configuration#ini.display-startup-errors)
+* [log_errors](http://php.net/errorfunc.configuration#ini.log-errors)

_posts/12-03-01-Virtual-or-Dedicated-Servers.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ If you are comfortable with systems administration, or are interested in learnin
 PHP, via PHP's built-in FastCGI Process Manager (FPM), pairs really nicely with [nginx](http://nginx.org), which is a lightweight, high-performance web server. It uses less memory than Apache and can better handle more concurrent requests. This is especially important on virtual servers that don't have much memory to spare.
 
 * [Read more on nginx](http://nginx.org)
-* [Read more on PHP-FPM](http://php.net/manual/en/install.fpm.php)
+* [Read more on PHP-FPM](http://php.net/install.fpm)
 * [Read more on setting up nginx and PHP-FPM securely](https://nealpoole.com/blog/2011/04/setting-up-php-fastcgi-and-nginx-dont-trust-the-tutorials-check-your-configuration/)
 
 ### Apache and PHP

_posts/14-01-01-Caching.md

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ anchor: caching
 # Caching {#caching_title}
 
 PHP is pretty quick by itself, but bottlenecks can arise when you make remote connections, load files, etc. 
-Thankfully, there are various tools available to speed up certain parts of your application, or reduce the number of times these various time-consuming tasks need to run.
+Thankfully, there are various tools available to speed up certain parts of your application, or reduce the number of times these various time-consuming tasks need to run.

_posts/14-02-01-Opcode-Cache.md

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ As of PHP 5.5, there is a built-in opcode cache called [OPcache][opcache-book].
 Read more about opcode caches:
 
 * [OPcache][opcache-book] (built-in since PHP 5.5)
-* [APC](http://php.net/manual/en/book.apc.php) (PHP 5.4 and earlier)
+* [APC](http://php.net/book.apc) (PHP 5.4 and earlier)
 * [XCache](http://xcache.lighttpd.net/)
 * [Zend Optimizer+](http://www.zend.com/products/server/) (part of Zend Server package)
 * [WinCache](http://www.iis.net/download/wincacheforphp) (extension for MS Windows Server)
 * [list of PHP accelerators on Wikipedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PHP_accelerators)
 
-[opcache-book]: http://php.net/manual/en/book.opcache.php
+[opcache-book]: http://php.net/book.opcache

_posts/14-03-01-Object-Caching.md

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ object cache to PHP 5.5+, since PHP now has a built-in bytecode cache (OPcache).
 Learn more about popular object caching systems:
 
 * [APCu](https://github.com/krakjoe/apcu)
-* [APC Functions](http://php.net/manual/en/ref.apc.php)
+* [APC Functions](http://php.net/ref.apc)
 * [Memcached](http://memcached.org/)
 * [Redis](http://redis.io/)
 * [XCache APIs](http://xcache.lighttpd.net/wiki/XcacheApi)
-* [WinCache Functions](http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.wincache.php)
+* [WinCache Functions](http://php.net/ref.wincache)

_posts/16-01-01-Community.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The PHP community also hosts larger regional and national conferences in many co
 
 [Find a PHP Conference][php-conf]
 
-[php-calendar]: http://www.php.net/cal.php
+[php-calendar]: http://php.net/cal.php
 [google]: https://www.google.com/search?q=php+user+group+near+me
 [meetup]: http://www.meetup.com/find/
 [php-ug]: http://php.ug

pages/Design-Patterns.md

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ add new output types without affecting the client code.
 
 You will see how each concrete 'output' class implements an OutputInterface - this serves two purposes, primarily it
 provides a simple contract which must be obeyed by any new concrete implementations. Secondly by implementing a common
-interface you will see in the next section that you can now utilise [Type Hinting](http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.typehinting.php) to ensure that the client which is utilising these behaviours is of the correct type in
+interface you will see in the next section that you can now utilise [Type Hinting](http://php.net/language.oop5.typehinting) to ensure that the client which is utilising these behaviours is of the correct type in
 this case 'OutputInterface'.
 
 The next snippet of code outlines how a calling client class might use one of these algorithms and even better set the

pages/Functional-Programming.md

@@ -82,6 +82,6 @@ defined to capture variables in scope and access them later when the anonymous f
 * [More details in the Closures RFC][closures-rfc]
 * [Read about dynamically invoking functions with `call_user_func_array`][call-user-func-array]
 
-[anonymous-functions]: http://www.php.net/manual/en/functions.anonymous.php
-[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/manual/en/function.call-user-func-array.php
+[anonymous-functions]: http://php.net/functions.anonymous
+[call-user-func-array]: http://php.net/function.call-user-func-array
 [closures-rfc]: https://wiki.php.net/rfc/closures