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[docs] Split integration.md per Build System. (microsoft#24737)
* Split integration.md per Build System. Centralize buildsystem configuration. * PR comment
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| # CMake Integration | ||
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| **The latest version of this documentation is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/docs/users/buildsystems/cmake-integration.md).** | ||
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| See [Installing and Using Packages Example: sqlite](../../examples/installing-and-using-packages.md) for a fully worked example using CMake. | ||
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| ## Table of Contents | ||
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| - [`CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE`](#cmake_toolchain_file) | ||
| - [IDE Integration](#ide-integration) | ||
| - [Visual Studio Code (CMake Tools extension)](#visual-studio-code-cmake-tools-extension) | ||
| - [Visual Studio](#visual-studio) | ||
| - [CLion](#clion) | ||
| - [Using Multiple Toolchain Files](#using-multiple-toolchain-files) | ||
| - [Settings Reference](#settings-reference) | ||
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| ## `CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE` | ||
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| Projects configured to use the vcpkg toolchain file (via the CMake setting `CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE`) can find libraries from vcpkg using the standard CMake functions: `find_package()`, `find_path()`, and `find_library()`. | ||
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| ```no-highlight | ||
| cmake ../my/project -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg-root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Since version 3.21, CMake will use the environment variable `CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE`[1] as the default value for `CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE`. | ||
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| **cmd** | ||
| ```cmd | ||
| set CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
| **Powershell** | ||
| ```powershell | ||
| $env:CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" | ||
| ``` | ||
| **bash** | ||
| ```sh | ||
| export CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
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| vcpkg does not automatically add any include or links paths into your project. To use a header-only library you can use `find_path()` which will correctly work on all platforms: | ||
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| ```cmake | ||
| # To find and use catch2 | ||
| find_path(CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR NAMES catch.hpp PATH_SUFFIXES catch2) | ||
| include_directories(${CATCH_INCLUDE_DIR}) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| [1]: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/envvar/CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE.html | ||
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| ## IDE Integration | ||
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| ### Visual Studio Code (CMake Tools Extension) | ||
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| Adding the following to your workspace `settings.json` will make CMake Tools automatically use vcpkg for libraries: | ||
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| ```json | ||
| { | ||
| "cmake.configureSettings": { | ||
| "CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE": "[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### Visual Studio | ||
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| In the CMake Settings Editor, add the path to the vcpkg toolchain file under `CMake toolchain file`: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| [vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### CLion | ||
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| Open the Toolchains settings (`File > Settings` on Windows and Linux, `CLion > Preferences` on macOS), and go to the CMake settings (`Build, Execution, Deployment > CMake`). In `CMake options`, add the following line: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=[vcpkg root]/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
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| You must add this line to each profile separately. | ||
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| ## Using Multiple Toolchain Files | ||
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| To combine vcpkg's toolchain file with another toolchain file, you can set the cmake variable `VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE`: | ||
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| ```no-highlight | ||
| cmake ../my/project \ | ||
| -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake \ | ||
| -DVCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../my/project/toolchain.cmake | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Alternatively, you can include the vcpkg toolchain at the end of the primary toolchain file: | ||
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| ```cmake | ||
| # MyToolchain.cmake | ||
| set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER ...) | ||
| set(VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET x64-my-custom-windows-triplet) | ||
| include(/path/to/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| **Note: vcpkg does not automatically apply your toolchain's settings, such as your compiler or compilation flags, while building libraries. To change vcpkg's library settings, you must make a [custom triplet file](../triplets.md) (which can [share your toolchain](../triplets.md#VCPKG_CHAINLOAD_TOOLCHAIN_FILE))** | ||
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| ## Settings Reference | ||
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| All vcpkg-affecting variables must be defined before the first `project()` directive, such as via the command line or `set()` statements. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET` | ||
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| This setting controls the [triplet](../triplets.md) vcpkg will install and consume libraries from. | ||
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| If unset, vcpkg will automatically detect an appropriate default triplet given the current compiler settings. If you change this CMake variable, you must delete your cache and reconfigure. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_HOST_TRIPLET` | ||
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| This variable controls which [triplet](../triplets.md) host dependencies will be installed for. | ||
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| If unset, vcpkg will automatically detect an appropriate native triplet (x64-windows, x64-osx, x64-linux). | ||
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| See also [Host Dependencies](../host-dependencies.md). | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_INSTALLED_DIR` | ||
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| This variable sets the location where libraries will be installed and consumed from. | ||
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| In manifest mode, the default is `${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/vcpkg_installed`. | ||
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| In classic mode, the default is `${VCPKG_ROOT}/installed`. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_MANIFEST_MODE` | ||
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| This variable forces vcpkg to operate in either manifest mode or classic mode. | ||
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| Defaults to `ON` when `VCPKG_MANIFEST_DIR` is non-empty or `${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/vcpkg.json` exists. | ||
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| To disable manifest mode while a `vcpkg.json` is detected, set this to `OFF`. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_MANIFEST_DIR` | ||
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| This variable specifies an alternate folder containing a `vcpkg.json` manifest. | ||
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| Defaults to `${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}` if `${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/vcpkg.json` exists. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_MANIFEST_INSTALL` | ||
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| This variable controls whether vcpkg will be automatically run to install your dependencies during your configure step. | ||
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| Defaults to `ON` if `VCPKG_MANIFEST_MODE` is `ON`. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_BOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS` | ||
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| This variable can be set to additional command parameters to pass to `./bootstrap-vcpkg`. | ||
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| In manifest mode, vcpkg will be automatically bootstrapped if the executable does not exist. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_OVERLAY_TRIPLETS` | ||
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| This variable can be set to a list of paths to be passed on the command line as `--overlay-triplets=...` | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_OVERLAY_PORTS` | ||
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| This variable can be set to a list of paths to be passed on the command line as `--overlay-ports=...` | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_MANIFEST_FEATURES` | ||
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| This variable can be set to a list of features to activate when installing from your manifest. | ||
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| For example, features can be used by projects to control building with additional dependencies to enable tests or samples: | ||
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| ```json | ||
| { | ||
| "name": "mylibrary", | ||
| "version": "1.0", | ||
| "dependencies": [ "curl" ], | ||
| "features": { | ||
| "samples": { | ||
| "description": "Build Samples", | ||
| "dependencies": [ "fltk" ] | ||
| }, | ||
| "tests": { | ||
| "description": "Build Tests", | ||
| "dependencies": [ "gtest" ] | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
| ```cmake | ||
| # CMakeLists.txt | ||
| option(BUILD_TESTING "Build tests" OFF) | ||
| if(BUILD_TESTING) | ||
| list(APPEND VCPKG_MANIFEST_FEATURES "tests") | ||
| endif() | ||
| option(BUILD_SAMPLES "Build samples" OFF) | ||
| if(BUILD_SAMPLES) | ||
| list(APPEND VCPKG_MANIFEST_FEATURES "samples") | ||
| endif() | ||
| project(myapp) | ||
| # ... | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_MANIFEST_NO_DEFAULT_FEATURES` | ||
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| This variable controls activation of default features in addition to those listed in `VCPKG_MANIFEST_FEATURES`. If set to `ON`, default features will not be automatically activated. | ||
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| Defaults to `OFF`. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_INSTALL_OPTIONS` | ||
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| This variable can be set to a list of additional command line parameters to pass to the vcpkg tool during automatic installation. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_PREFER_SYSTEM_LIBS` | ||
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| This variable controls whether vcpkg will append instead of prepend its paths to `CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH`, `CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH` and `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH` so that vcpkg libraries/packages are found after toolchain/system libraries/packages. | ||
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| Defaults to `OFF`. | ||
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| ### `VCPKG_FEATURE_FLAGS` | ||
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| This variable can be set to a list of feature flags to pass to the vcpkg tool during automatic installation to opt-in to experimental behavior. | ||
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| See the `--feature-flags=` command line option for more information. |
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| # `export` Command | ||
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| **The latest version of this documentation is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/docs/users/buildsystems/export-command.md).** | ||
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| The `export` command creates a shrinkwrapped archive containing a specific set of libraries (and their dependencies) that can be quickly and reliably shared with build servers or other users in your organization. `export` only supports classic mode at this time. | ||
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| - `--nuget`: NuGet package | ||
| - `--zip`: Zip archive | ||
| - `--7zip`: 7Zip archive | ||
| - `--raw`: Raw, uncompressed folder | ||
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| Each of these have the same internal layout which mimics the layout of a full vcpkg instance: | ||
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| - `installed/` contains the library files | ||
| - `scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake` is the [CMake toolchain file](cmake-integration.md) | ||
| - `scripts/buildsystems/msbuild/vcpkg.props` and `scripts/buildsystems/msbuild/vcpkg.targets` are the [MSBuild integration files](msbuild-integration.md) | ||
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| NuGet package exports will also contain a `build\native\vcpkg.targets` that integrates with MSBuild projects using the NuGet package manager. | ||
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| Please also see our [blog post](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2017/05/03/vcpkg-introducing-export-command/) for additional examples. |
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| # Buildsystem Integration | ||
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| **The latest version of this documentation is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/docs/users/buildsystems/integration.md).** | ||
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| vcpkg supports use from any buildsystem and has specific native integration into MSBuild and CMake. | ||
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| - [MSBuild Integration (Visual Studio)](msbuild-integration.md) | ||
| - [CMake Integration](cmake-integration.md) | ||
| - [Manual Integration](#manual-integration) | ||
| - [`export` Command](#export-command) |
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| # Manual Integration | ||
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| **The latest version of this documentation is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/docs/users/buildsystems/manual-integration.md).** | ||
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| When installing libraries, vcpkg creates a single common layout partitioned by triplet. | ||
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| The root of the tree in classic mode is `[vcpkg root]/installed`. The root of the tree in manifest mode is `[vcpkg.json directory]/vcpkg_installed`. | ||
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| Underneath this root, in a subfolder named after the triplet: | ||
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| * Header files: `include/` | ||
| * Release `.lib`, `.a`, and `.so` files: `lib/` or `lib/manual-link/` | ||
| * Release `.dll` files: `bin/` | ||
| * Release `.pc` files: `lib/pkgconfig/` | ||
| * Debug `.lib`, `.a`, and `.so` files: `debug/lib/` or `debug/lib/manual-link/` | ||
| * Debug `.dll` files: `debug/bin/` | ||
| * Debug `.pc` files: `debug/lib/pkgconfig/` | ||
| * Tools: `tools/[portname]/` | ||
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| For example, `zlib.h` for `zlib:x64-windows` in classic mode is located at `[vcpkg root]/installed/x64-windows/include/zlib.h`. | ||
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| See your build system specific documentation for how to use prebuilt binaries. For example, `Makefile` projects often accept environment variables: | ||
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| ```sh | ||
| export CXXFLAGS=-I$(pwd)/installed/x64-linux/include | ||
| export CFLAGS=-I$(pwd)/installed/x64-linux/include | ||
| export LDFLAGS=-L$(pwd)/installed/x64-linux/lib | ||
| export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$(pwd)/installed/x64-linux/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH | ||
| ``` | ||
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| _On Windows dynamic triplets, such as x64-windows:_ To run any produced executables you will also need to either copy the needed DLL files to the same folder as your executable or *prepend* the correct `bin\` directory to your path. |
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