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Reordering two words in Modeling TCP congestion control

Fix cnp3#75
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AdrienDefer authored May 17, 2021
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Expand Up @@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ Modeling TCP congestion control

Thanks to its congestion control scheme, TCP adapts its transmission rate to the losses that occur in the network. Intuitively, the TCP transmission rate decreases when the percentage of losses increases. Researchers have proposed detailed models that allow the prediction of the throughput of a TCP connection when losses occur [MSMO1997]_ . To have some intuition about the factors that affect the performance of TCP, let us consider a very simple model. Its assumptions are not completely realistic, but it gives us good intuition without requiring complex mathematics.

This model considers a hypothetical TCP connection that suffers from equally spaced segment losses. If :math:`p` is the segment loss ratio, then the TCP connection successfully transfers :math:`\frac{1}{p}-1` segments and the next segment is lost. If we ignore the slow-start at the beginning of the connection, TCP in this environment is always in congestion avoidance as there are only isolated losses that can be recovered by using fast retransmit. The evolution of the congestion window is thus as shown in the figure below. Note the that `x-axis` of this figure represents time measured in units of one round-trip-time, which is supposed to be constant in the model, and the `y-axis` represents the size of the congestion window measured in MSS-sized segments.
This model considers a hypothetical TCP connection that suffers from equally spaced segment losses. If :math:`p` is the segment loss ratio, then the TCP connection successfully transfers :math:`\frac{1}{p}-1` segments and the next segment is lost. If we ignore the slow-start at the beginning of the connection, TCP in this environment is always in congestion avoidance as there are only isolated losses that can be recovered by using fast retransmit. The evolution of the congestion window is thus as shown in the figure below. Note that the `x-axis` of this figure represents time measured in units of one round-trip-time, which is supposed to be constant in the model, and the `y-axis` represents the size of the congestion window measured in MSS-sized segments.

.. figure:: /protocols/figures/tcp-congestion-regular.png
:align: center
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