Socket.IO

Socket.IO is a Node.JS project that makes WebSockets and realtime possible in all browsers. It also enhances WebSockets by providing built-in multiplexing, horizontal scalability, automatic JSON encoding/decoding, and more.

How to Install

npm install socket.io

Note: this is the documentation for the upcoming release 0.7. The latest tag on NPM is 0.6.

How to use

First, require socket.io:

var io = require('socket.io');

Next, attach it to a HTTP/HTTPS server. If you're using the fantastic express web framework:

var app = express.createServer();
  , io = io.listen(app);

app.listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  socket.send({ hello: 'world' });
});

Finally, load it from the client side code:

<script src="/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
  var socket = io.connect('http://localhost');
  socket.on('news', function () {
    socket.emit('myOtherEvent', { my: 'data' });
  });
</script>

For more thorough examples, look at the examples/ directory.

Short recipes

Sending and receiving events.

Socket.IO allows you to emit and receive custom events. Besides connect, message and disconnect, you can emit custom events:

// note, io.listen(<port>) will create a http server for you
var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  io.sockets.emit('this', { will: 'be received by everyone');

  socket.on('private message', function (from, msg) {
    console.log('I received a private message by ', from, ' saying ', msg);
  });

  socket.on('disconnect', function () {
    sockets.emit('user disconnected');
  });
});

Storing data associated to a client

Sometimes it's necessary to store data associated with a client that's necessary for the duration of the session.

Server side

var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  socket.on('set nickname', function (name) {
    socket.set('nickname', name, function () { socket.emit('ready'); });
  });

  socket.on('msg', function () {
    socket.get('nickname', function (name) {
      console.log('Chat message by ', name);
    });
  });
});

Client side

<script>
  var socket = io.connect('http://localhost');

  socket.on('connect', function () {
    socket.emit('set nickname', confirm('What is your nickname?'));
    socket.on('ready', function () {
      console.log('Connected !');
      socket.emit('msg', confirm('What is your message?'));
    });
  });
</script>

Restricting yourself to a namespace

If you have control over all the messages and events emitted for a particular application, using the default / namespace works.

If you want to leverage 3rd-party code, or produce code to share with others, socket.io provides a way of namespacing a socket.

This has the benefit of multiplexing a single connection. Instead of socket.io using two WebSocket connections, it'll use one.

The following example defines a socket that listens on '/chat' and one for '/news':

Server side

var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

var chat = io
  .of('/chat');
  .on('connection', function (socket) {
    socket.emit('a message', { that: 'only', '/chat': 'will get' });
    chat.emit('a message', { everyone: 'in', '/chat': 'will get' });
  });

var news = io
  .of('/news');
  .on('connection', function (socket) {
    socket.emit('item', { news: 'item' });
  });

Client side:

<script>
  var socket = io.connect('http://localhost/')
    , chat = socket.of('/chat')
    , news = socket.of('/news');

  chat.on('connect', function () {
    chat.emit('hi!');
  });

  news.on('news', function () {
    news.emit('woot');
  });
</script>

Sending volatile messages.

Sometimes certain messages can be dropped. Let's say you have an app that shows realtime tweets for the keyword bieber.

If a certain client is not ready to receive messages (because of network slowness or other issues, or because he's connected through long polling and is in the middle of a request-response cycle), if he doesn't receive ALL the tweets related to bieber your application won't suffer.

In that case, you might want to send those messages as volatile messages.

Server side

var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  var tweets = setInterval(function () {
    getBieberTweet(function (tweet) {
      socket.volatile.emit('bieber tweet', tweet);
    });
  }, 100);

  socket.on('disconnect', function () {
    clearInterval(tweets);
  });
});

Client side

In the client side, messages are received the same way whether they're volatile or not.

Getting acknowledgements

Sometimes, you might want to get a callback when the client confirmed the message reception.

To do this, simply pass a function as the last parameter of .send or .emit. What's more, when you use .emit, the acknowledgement is done by you, which means you can also pass data along:

Server side

var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  socket.on('ferret', function (name, fn) {
    fn('woot');
  });
});

Client side

<script>
  var socket = io.connect(); // TIP: .connect with no args does auto-discovery
  socket.on('connection', function () {
    socket.emit('ferret', 'tobi', function (data) {
      console.log(data); // data will be 'woot'
    });
  });
</script>

Broadcasting messages

To broadcast, simply add a broadcast flag to emit and send method calls.

Server side

var io = require('socket.io').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  socket.broadcast.emit('user connected');
  socket.broadcast.json.send({ a: 'message' });
});

Using it just as a cross-browser WebSocket

If you just want the WebSocket semantics, you can do that too. Simply leverage send and listen on the message event:

Server side

var io = require('socket.io-node').listen(80);

io.sockets.on('connection', function (socket) {
  socket.on('message', function () { });
  socket.on('disconnect', function () { });
});

Client side

<script>
  var socket = io.connect('http://localhost/');
  socket.on('connect', function () {
    socket.send('hi');

    socket.on('message', function (msg) {
      // my msg
    });
  });
</script>

Changing configuration

Configuration in socket.io is TJ-style:

Server side

var io = require('socket.io-node').listen(80);

io.configure(function () {
  io.set('transports', ['websocket', 'flashsocket', 'xhr-polling']);
});

io.configure('development', function () {
  io.set('transports', ['websocket', 'xhr-polling']);
  io.enable('log');
});

API docs

License

(The MIT License)

Copyright (c) 2011 Guillermo Rauch <[email protected]>

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.