A security linter from OpenStack Security
- Free software: Apache license
- Documentation: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Security/Projects/Bandit
- Source: https://git.openstack.org/cgit/openstack/bandit
- Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bandit
Bandit is a tool designed to find common security issues in Python code. To do this Bandit processes each file, builds an AST from it, and runs appropriate plugins against the AST nodes. Once Bandit has finished scanning all the files it generates a report.
Bandit is distributed on PyPI. The best way to install it is with pip:
Create a virtual environment (optional):
virtualenv bandit-env
Install Bandit:
pip install bandit # Or, if you're working with a Python 3 project pip3.4 install bandit
Run Bandit:
bandit -r path/to/your/code
Bandit can also be installed from source. To do so, download the source tarball from PyPI, then install it:
python setup.py install
Example usage across a code tree:
bandit -r ~/openstack-repo/keystone
Example usage across the examples/ directory, showing three lines of
context and only reporting on the high-severity issues:
bandit examples/*.py -n 3 -lll
Bandit can be run with profiles. To run Bandit against the examples directory
using only the plugins listed in the ShellInjection profile:
bandit examples/*.py -p ShellInjection
Usage:
$ bandit -h
usage: bandit [-h] [-r] [-a {file,vuln}] [-n CONTEXT_LINES] [-c CONFIG_FILE]
[-p PROFILE] [-t TESTS] [-s SKIPS] [-l] [-i]
[-f {csv,html,json,screen,txt,xml}] [-o OUTPUT_FILE] [-v] [-d]
[--ignore-nosec] [-x EXCLUDED_PATHS] [-b BASELINE]
[--ini INI_PATH] [--version]
targets [targets ...]
Bandit - a Python source code security analyzer
positional arguments:
targets source file(s) or directory(s) to be tested
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-r, --recursive find and process files in subdirectories
-a {file,vuln}, --aggregate {file,vuln}
aggregate output by vulnerability (default) or by
filename
-n CONTEXT_LINES, --number CONTEXT_LINES
maximum number of code lines to output for each issue
-c CONFIG_FILE, --configfile CONFIG_FILE
optional config file to use for selecting plugins and
overriding defaults
-p PROFILE, --profile PROFILE
profile to use (defaults to executing all tests)
-t TESTS, --tests TESTS
comma-separated list of test IDs to run
-s SKIPS, --skip SKIPS
comma-separated list of test IDs to skip
-l, --level report only issues of a given severity level or higher
(-l for LOW, -ll for MEDIUM, -lll for HIGH)
-i, --confidence report only issues of a given confidence level or
higher (-i for LOW, -ii for MEDIUM, -iii for HIGH)
-f {csv,html,json,screen,txt,xml}, --format {csv,html,json,screen,txt,xml}
specify output format
-o OUTPUT_FILE, --output OUTPUT_FILE
write report to filename
-v, --verbose output extra information like excluded and included
files
-d, --debug turn on debug mode
--ignore-nosec do not skip lines with # nosec comments
-x EXCLUDED_PATHS, --exclude EXCLUDED_PATHS
comma-separated list of paths to exclude from scan
(note that these are in addition to the excluded paths
provided in the config file)
-b BASELINE, --baseline BASELINE
path of a baseline report to compare against (only
JSON-formatted files are accepted)
--ini INI_PATH path to a .bandit file that supplies command line
arguments
--version show program's version number and exit
The following tests were discovered and loaded:
B101 assert_used
B102 exec_used
B103 set_bad_file_permissions
B104 hardcoded_bind_all_interfaces
B105 hardcoded_password_string
B106 hardcoded_password_funcarg
B107 hardcoded_password_default
B108 hardcoded_tmp_directory
B109 password_config_option_not_marked_secret
B110 try_except_pass
B111 execute_with_run_as_root_equals_true
B112 try_except_continue
B201 flask_debug_true
B301 pickle
B302 marshal
B303 md5
B304 ciphers
B305 cipher_modes
B306 mktemp_q
B307 eval
B308 mark_safe
B309 httpsconnection
B310 urllib_urlopen
B311 random
B312 telnetlib
B313 xml_bad_cElementTree
B314 xml_bad_ElementTree
B315 xml_bad_expatreader
B316 xml_bad_expatbuilder
B317 xml_bad_sax
B318 xml_bad_minidom
B319 xml_bad_pulldom
B320 xml_bad_etree
B321 ftplib
B401 import_telnetlib
B402 import_ftplib
B403 import_pickle
B404 import_subprocess
B405 import_xml_etree
B406 import_xml_sax
B407 import_xml_expat
B408 import_xml_minidom
B409 import_xml_pulldom
B410 import_lxml
B411 import_xmlrpclib
B501 request_with_no_cert_validation
B502 ssl_with_bad_version
B503 ssl_with_bad_defaults
B504 ssl_with_no_version
B505 weak_cryptographic_key
B506 yaml_load
B601 paramiko_calls
B602 subprocess_popen_with_shell_equals_true
B603 subprocess_without_shell_equals_true
B604 any_other_function_with_shell_equals_true
B605 start_process_with_a_shell
B606 start_process_with_no_shell
B607 start_process_with_partial_path
B608 hardcoded_sql_expressions
B609 linux_commands_wildcard_injection
B701 jinja2_autoescape_false
B702 use_of_mako_templates
- An optional config file may be supplied and may include:
- lists of tests which should or shouldn't be run
- exclude_dirs - sections of the path, that if matched, will be excluded from scanning
- overridden plugin settings - may provide different settings for some plugins
Projects may include a .bandit file that specifies command line arguments that should be supplied for that project. The currently supported arguments are:
- exclude: comma separated list of excluded paths
- skips: comma separated list of tests to skip
- tests: comma separated list of tests to run
To use this, put a .bandit file in your project's directory. For example:
[bandit] exclude: /test
[bandit] tests: B101,B102,B301
In the event that a line of code triggers a Bandit issue, but that the line
has been reviewed and the issue is a false positive or acceptable for some
other reason, the line can be marked with a # nosec and any results
associated with it will not be reported.
For example, although this line may cause Bandit to report a potential security issue, it will not be reported:
self.process = subprocess.Popen('/bin/echo', shell=True) # nosec
Vulnerability tests or "plugins" are defined in files in the plugins directory.
Tests are written in Python and are autodiscovered from the plugins directory. Each test can examine one or more type of Python statements. Tests are marked with the types of Python statements they examine (for example: function call, string, import, etc).
Tests are executed by the BanditNodeVisitor object as it visits each node
in the AST.
Test results are maintained in the BanditResultStore and aggregated for
output at the completion of a test run.
- To write a test:
- Identify a vulnerability to build a test for, and create a new file in examples/ that contains one or more cases of that vulnerability.
- Consider the vulnerability you're testing for, mark the function with one or more of the appropriate decorators: - @checks('Call') - @checks('Import', 'ImportFrom') - @checks('Str')
- Create a new Python source file to contain your test, you can reference existing tests for examples.
- The function that you create should take a parameter "context" which is an instance of the context class you can query for information about the current element being examined. You can also get the raw AST node for more advanced use cases. Please see the context.py file for more.
- Extend your Bandit configuration file as needed to support your new test.
- Execute Bandit against the test file you defined in examples/ and ensure that it detects the vulnerability. Consider variations on how this vulnerability might present itself and extend the example file and the test function accordingly.
Bandit allows users to write and register extensions for checks and formatters. Bandit will load plugins from two entry-points:
- bandit.formatters
- bandit.plugins
Formatters need to accept 4 things:
- result_store: An instance of bandit.core.BanditResultStore
- file_list: The list of files which were inspected in the scope
- scores: The scores awarded to each file in the scope
- excluded_files: The list of files that were excluded from the scope
Plugins tend to take advantage of the bandit.checks decorator which allows the author to register a check for a particular type of AST node. For example,
@bandit.checks('Call')
def prohibit_unsafe_deserialization(context):
if 'unsafe_load' in context.call_function_name_qual:
return bandit.Issue(
severity=bandit.HIGH,
confidence=bandit.HIGH,
text="Unsafe deserialization detected."
)
To register your plugin, you have two options:
If you're using setuptools directly, add something like the following to your
setupcall:# If you have an imaginary bson formatter in the bandit_bson module # and a function called `formatter`. entry_points={'bandit.formatters': ['bson = bandit_bson:formatter']} # Or a check for using mako templates in bandit_mako that entry_points={'bandit.plugins': ['mako = bandit_mako']}If you're using pbr, add something like the following to your setup.cfg file:
[entry_points] bandit.formatters = bson = bandit_bson:formatter bandit.plugins = mako = bandit_mako
Contributions to Bandit are always welcome! We can be found on #openstack-security on Freenode IRC.
The best way to get started with Bandit is to grab the source:
git clone https://git.openstack.org/openstack/bandit.git
You can test any changes with tox:
pip install tox tox -e pep8 tox -e py27 tox -e py34 tox -e cover
Bugs should be reported on Launchpad. To file a bug against Bandit, visit: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bandit/+filebug
The answer to this question depends on the project(s) you will be running Bandit against. If your project is only compatible with Python 2.7, you should install Bandit to run under Python 2.7. If your project is only compatible with Python 3.4, then use 3.4. If your project supports both, you could run Bandit with both versions but you don't have to.
Bandit uses the ast module from Python's standard library in order to analyze your Python code. The ast module is only able to parse Python code that is valid in the version of the interpreter from which it is imported. In other words, if you try to use Python 2.7's ast module to parse code written for 3.4 that uses, for example, yield from with asyncio, then you'll have syntax errors that will prevent Bandit from working properly. Alternatively, if you are relying on 2.7's octal notation of 0777 then you'll have a syntax error if you run Bandit on 3.4.
Bandit wiki: https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Security/Projects/Bandit
Python AST module documentation: https://docs.python.org/2/library/ast.html
Green Tree Snakes - the missing Python AST docs: http://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/
Documentation of the various types of AST nodes that Bandit currently covers or could be extended to cover: http://greentreesnakes.readthedocs.org/en/latest/nodes.html