This sample application demonstrates a simple order fulfillment system decomposed into multiple independant components (e.g. microservices).
There is code for multiple implementation alternatives to allow a broad audience to undestand the code or to compare alternatives. The table below lists these alternatives.
The example respects learnings from Domain Driven Design (DDD), Event Driven Architecture (EDA) and Microservices (µS) and should give you a very hands-on access to certain topics.
Note: The code was written in order to be explained. Hence I favored simplified code or copy & paste over production-ready code with generic solutions. Don't consider the coding style best practice! It serves the purpose to have easily explainable code.
Flowing retail simulates a very easy order fulfillment system:
The most fundamental choice is to select the communication mechanism:
- Apache Kafka as event bus (could be easily changed to messaging, e.g. RabbitMQ):
- REST communication between Services
- This example also shows how to do stateful resilience patterns like stateful retries leveraging a workflow engine
- Zeebe broker doing work distribution
Having chosen that your probably can choose the workflow engine:
- Camunda BPM 7
- Zeebe (if you are interessted why Zeebe is listed in the communication mechanism as well as workflow engine please look into the Zeebe example readme)
and the programming language:
- Java
- Go
Flowing retail simulates a very easy order fulfillment system. The business logic is separated into the services shown above (shown as context map).
Some services are long running in nature, as e.g. the payment service ask customers to update expired credit cards. Hence a workflow engine is used to persist and control these long running interactions.
An important thought is, that this state machine (or workflow engine in this case) is a library used within one service. If different services need a workflow engine they potentally run multiple engines. This way it is an autonomous team decision if they want to use some framework and which one:
Depending on the means of communication (e.g. messaging vs. blocking synchronous REST calls) you also have to tackle quite basic communication problems, e.g. by stateful retries.
See REST example.
- Introduction blog post: https://blog.bernd-ruecker.com/flowing-retail-demonstrating-aspects-of-microservices-events-and-their-flow-with-concrete-source-7f3abdd40e53
- InfoQ-Writeup "Events, Flows and Long-Running Services: A Modern Approach to Workflow Automation": https://www.infoq.com/articles/events-workflow-automation
- InfoWorld article "3 common pitfalls of microservices integration—and how to avoid them": https://www.infoworld.com/article/3254777/application-development/3-common-pitfalls-of-microservices-integrationand-how-to-avoid-them.html