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# 动手学大模型:大模型知识编辑 | ||
导读: 语言模型的编辑方法和工具 | ||
> 想操控语言模型在对指定知识的记忆?让我们选择合适的编辑方法,对特定知识进行编辑,并将对编辑后的模型进行验证! | ||
## 1. 本教程目标: | ||
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- 熟悉使用EasyEdit工具包 | ||
- 掌握语言模型的编辑方法(最简) | ||
- 了解不同类型的编辑方法的选型和应用场景 | ||
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## 2. 工作准备: | ||
### 2.1 了解EasyEdit | ||
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https://github.com/zjunlp/EasyEdit | ||
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EasyEdit 是一个用于编辑语言模型的 Python 包,如 GPT-J、Llama、GPT-NEO、GPT2、T5等,其目标是针对一个特定的知识有效地改变语言模型的行为,而不会对其他输入的性能产生负面影响,同时易于使用且易于扩展。 | ||
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EasyEdit 集成了现有的流行的编辑方法: | ||
![](./assets/1.png) | ||
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### 2.2 主要框架 | ||
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![](./assets/2.png) | ||
EasyEdit包含一个统一的Editor、Method和Evaluate框架,分别代表编辑场景、编辑技术和评估方法。 | ||
- Editor:描述工作场景,包含待编辑的模型,待编辑的知识,以及其他必要的超参数。 | ||
- Method:所使用的具体知识编辑方法(例如ROME、MEND等)。 | ||
- Evaluate:评估知识编辑性能的指标,包含了可靠性、通用性、局部性、可移植性。 | ||
- Trainer:有些编辑方法需要一定的训练过程,由Trainer模块实现。 | ||
## 3. 安装环境: | ||
``` | ||
git clone https://github.com/zjunlp/EasyEdit.git | ||
(可选)conda create -n EasyEdit python=3.9.7 | ||
cd EasyEdit | ||
pip install -r requirements.txt | ||
``` | ||
## 4. 编辑案例 | ||
> 目标:改变GPT-2-XL的知识记忆,将梅西(Lionel Messi)的职业从足球改成篮球(football->basketball). | ||
步骤: | ||
- 选择编辑方法,准备参数 | ||
- 准备知识编辑的数据 | ||
- 实例化Editor | ||
- Run! | ||
下面以ROME方法为例具体介绍: | ||
### 4.1 ROME | ||
Jupiter Notebook: [https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1KkyWqyV3BjXCWfdrrgbR-QS3AAokVZbr?usp=sharing#scrollTo=zWfGkNb9FBJQ] | ||
- 选择编辑方法,准备参数 | ||
- 编辑方法选择为ROME,准备ROME和GPT2-XL所需要的参数。 | ||
- 例如:alg_name: "ROME",model_name: "./hugging_cache/gpt2-xl"或为本地该模型的路径,"device": 使用的GPU序号 | ||
- 其余参数可保持默认 | ||
![](./assets/3.png) | ||
- 准备知识编辑的数据 | ||
``` | ||
prompts = ['Question:What sport does Lionel Messi play? Answer:'] # x_e | ||
ground_truth = ['football'] # y | ||
target_new = ['basketball'] # y_e | ||
subject = ['Lionel Messi'] | ||
``` | ||
- 实例化Editor,将准备好的参数传入BaseEditor类进行实例化,得到定制的Editor实例。 | ||
``` | ||
hparams = ROMEHyperParams.from_hparams('./hparams/ROME/gpt2-xl.yaml') | ||
editor=BaseEditor.from_hparams(hparams) | ||
``` | ||
- Run! 调用editor的edit方法: | ||
``` | ||
metrics, edited_model, _ = editor.edit( | ||
prompts=prompts, | ||
ground_truth=ground_truth, | ||
target_new=target_new, | ||
subject=subject, | ||
keep_original_weight=False | ||
) | ||
``` | ||
![](./assets/4.png) | ||
> 备注:首次编辑某个模型时会下载Wiki语料,并为该模型计算各层的状态(stats_dir: "./data/stats")并存下,在后续的每次编辑中复用。因此,首次编辑有所耗时,确保网络通畅的情况下可耐心等待。 | ||
### 4.2 验证与评估 | ||
editor.edit会返回metrics(由EasyEdit的Evaluate模块计算)。形式为: | ||
![](./assets/5.png) | ||
要得到通用性、局部性、可移植性的数值,需要在edit方法中传入用于评估的数据。 | ||
以局部性为例,会导致edit方法计算局部性的指标,即在locality_inputs上模型回答的正确率。 | ||
``` | ||
locality_inputs = { | ||
'neighborhood':{ | ||
'prompt': ['Joseph Fischhof, the', 'Larry Bird is a professional', 'In Forssa, they understand'], | ||
'ground_truth': ['piano', 'basketball', 'Finnish'] | ||
} | ||
} | ||
metrics, edited_model, _ = editor.edit( | ||
prompts=prompts, | ||
ground_truth=ground_truth, | ||
target_new=target_new, | ||
locality_inputs=locality_inputs, | ||
keep_original_weight=False | ||
) | ||
``` | ||
或者直接比较前后模型的generte行为。 | ||
``` | ||
generation_prompts = [ | ||
"Lionel Messi, the", | ||
"The law in Ikaalinen declares the language" | ||
] | ||
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model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained('./hugging_cache/gpt2').to('cuda') | ||
batch = tokenizer(generation_prompts, return_tensors='pt', padding=True, max_length=30) | ||
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pre_edit_outputs = model.generate( | ||
input_ids=batch['input_ids'].to('cuda'), | ||
attention_mask=batch['attention_mask'].to('cuda'), | ||
max_new_tokens=3 | ||
) | ||
post_edit_outputs = edited_model.generate( | ||
input_ids=batch['input_ids'].to('cuda'), | ||
attention_mask=batch['attention_mask'].to('cuda'), | ||
max_new_tokens=3 | ||
``` | ||
## 5. 规模化的编辑(可选) | ||
### 5.1 Batch edit | ||
多条数据可以形成并列的列表同时传入edit方法进行batch edit,此时MEMIT为最佳方法。(https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1P1lVklP8bTyh8uxxSuHnHwB91i-1LW6Z) | ||
``` | ||
prompts = ['Question:What sport does Lionel Messi play? Answer:', | ||
'The law in Ikaalinen declares the language'] | ||
ground_truth = ['football', 'Finnish'] | ||
target_new = ['basketball', 'Swedish'] | ||
subject = ['Lionel Messi', 'Ikaalinen'] | ||
``` | ||
### 5.2 Benchmark上测试 | ||
- Counterfact | ||
- ZsRE | ||
``` | ||
{ | ||
"case_id": 4402, | ||
"pararel_idx": 11185, | ||
"requested_rewrite": { | ||
"prompt": "{} debuted on", | ||
"relation_id": "P449", | ||
"target_new": { | ||
"str": "CBS", | ||
"id": "Q43380" | ||
}, | ||
"target_true": { | ||
"str": "MTV", | ||
"id": "Q43359" | ||
}, | ||
"subject": "Singled Out" | ||
}, | ||
"paraphrase_prompts": [ | ||
"No one on the ground was injured. v", | ||
"The sex ratio was 1063. Singled Out is to debut on" | ||
], | ||
"neighborhood_prompts": [ | ||
"Daria premieres on", | ||
"Teen Wolf was originally aired on", | ||
"Spider-Man: The New Animated Series was originally aired on", | ||
"Celebrity Deathmatch premiered on", | ||
"\u00c6on Flux premiered on", | ||
"My Super Psycho Sweet 16 premieres on", | ||
"Daria was released on", | ||
"Jersey Shore premiered on", | ||
"Skins was originally aired on", | ||
"All You've Got premiered on" | ||
] | ||
} | ||
``` | ||
https://github.com/zjunlp/EasyEdit/blob/main/examples/run_zsre_llama2.py |
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