Power of Four

Problem Highlights

• 🔗 Leetcode Link: Power of Four
• 💡 Problem Difficulty: Easy
• ⏰ Time to complete: 15 mins
• 🛠️ Topics: Recursion
• 🗒️ Similar Questions: Sqrt(x), Super Pow, Pow(x.n), Power of Two

1: U-nderstand

Understand what the interviewer is asking for by using test cases and questions about the problem.

• Established a set (2-3) of test cases to verify their own solution later.
• Established a set (1-2) of edge cases to verify their solution handles complexities.
• Have fully understood the problem and have no clarifying questions.
• Have you verified any Time/Space Constraints for this problem?

Be sure that you clarify the input and output parameters of the problem:

• How do we stimulate the operation of evaluating exponents?
  • An exponent can easily be evaluated by multiplying the base exponent number of times. So, we can easily simulate this using a loop.

Run through a set of example cases:

HAPPY CASE
Input: n = 16
Output: true

Input: n = 5
Output: false

EDGE CASE 
Input: n = 0
Output: false

Input: n = 1
Output: true
Explanation: 2^0 = 1

2: M-atch

Match what this problem looks like to known categories of problems, e.g. Linked List or Dynamic Programming, and strategies or patterns in those categories.

For problems outside of the main catagories, we want to consider the input and output:

We are working with a number and checking if it is a power of four. We know for sure any number is a power of four if it can be divided by four until it becomes 1, along the way down it must also be divisible by 4. Recursion would be a good fit here, because we will need to repeat our operation until either the number becomes 1 or is non divisible by 4.

3: P-lan

Plan the solution with appropriate visualizations and pseudocode.

General Idea: We will recursively divide the number by 4 until it either reaches 1 and return true or it is no longer a whole number when divided by 4 and return false. We also need to consider the edge case 0, which is false.

1. Break into base case where n = 1 return True
2. Break into base case where n = 0 or n is no longer a whole number when divided by 4 return False
3. Return the recursive function n/4 

⚠️ Common Mistakes

• This problem looks quite simple at the first glance, however requires considering the edge case 0 and 1.

4: I-mplement

Implement the code to solve the algorithm.

class Solution:
    def isPowerOfFour(self, n: int) -> bool:
        # Break into base case where n = 1 return True
        if n == 1:
            return True

        # Break into base case where n = 0 or n is no longer a whole number when divided by 4 return False
        if n == 0 or n % 4 != 0:
            return False

        # Return the recursive function n/4 
        return self.isPowerOfFour(n/4)

class Solution {
    public boolean isPowerOfFour(int n) {
        // Break into base case where n = 1 return True
        if(n == 1) return true;
        // Break into base case where n = 0 or n is no longer a whole number when divided by 4 return False
        if(n % 4 != 0 || n == 0) return false;
        
        // Return the recursive function n/4 
        return isPowerOfFour(n/4);    
    }
}

5: R-eview

Review the code by running specific example(s) and recording values (watchlist) of your code's variables along the way.

• Trace through your code with an input to check for the expected output
• Catch possible edge cases and off-by-one errors

6: E-valuate

Evaluate the performance of your algorithm and state any strong/weak or future potential work.

Assume N represents the number given

• Time Complexity: O(logN), because we are dividing n by 4 each time, until it is one
• Space Complexity: O(1), the space complexity is constant if you do not count the recursive stack.